The strained Si grown on the relaxed SiGe-on-insulator C-MOSFET's is a promising device for the future system LSI devices with the design rule of sub-micron. The achievement of the discrete Ge mole fraction in the...The strained Si grown on the relaxed SiGe-on-insulator C-MOSFET's is a promising device for the future system LSI devices with the design rule of sub-micron. The achievement of the discrete Ge mole fraction in the SiGe layer is a key engineering in low-temperature SiGe epitaxial growth using HVCVD. The pre-flow of GeH4 gas enhanced the Ge mole fraction and SiGe layer thickness. In addition, the Ge mole fraction and SiGe layer thickness increases with the gas ratio of GeH4/SiH4 + GeH4, process temperature, and gas flow time. However, the haze was produced if the Ge mole fraction is above 22wt%. The discrete-like Ge mole fraction with 22 wt% in 10 nm SiGe layer was obtained by the pre-flow of GeH4 for 10 s, the mixture gas ratio of GeH4/SiH4 + GeH4 of 67%, and the gas flow time for 150 s at the process temperature of 550 C.展开更多
A molten salt reactor(MSR)has outstanding features considering the application of thorium fuel,inherent safety,sustainability,and resistance to proliferation.However,fissile material^(233)U is significantly rare at th...A molten salt reactor(MSR)has outstanding features considering the application of thorium fuel,inherent safety,sustainability,and resistance to proliferation.However,fissile material^(233)U is significantly rare at the current stage,thus it is difficult for MSR to achieve a pure thorium-uranium fuel cycle.Therefore,using plutonium or enriched uranium as the initial fuel for MSR is more practical.In this study,we aim to verify the feasibility of a small modular MSR that utilizes plutonium as the starting fuel(SM-MSR-Pu),and highlight its advantages and disadvantages.First,the structural design and fuel management scheme of the SM-MSR-Pu were presented.Second,the neutronic characteristics,such as the graphite-irradiation lifetime,burn-up performance,and coefficient of temperature reactivity were calculated to analyze the physical characteristics of the SM-MSR-Pu.The results indicate that plutonium is a feasible and advantageous starting fuel for a SM-MSR;however,there are certain shortcomings that need to be solved.In a 250 MWth SM-MSR-Pu,approximately 288.64 kg^(233)U of plutonium with a purity of greater than 90% is produced while 978.00 kg is burned every ten years.The temperature reactivity coefficient decreases from -4.0 to -6.5 pcm K^(-1) over the 50-year operating time,which ensures a long-term safe operation.However,the amount of plutonium and accumulation of minor actinides(MAs)would increase as the burn-up time increases,and the annual production and purity of^(233)U will decrease.To achieve an optimal burn-up performance,setting the entire operation time to 30 years is advisable.Regardless,more than 3600 kg of plutonium eventually accumulate in the core.Further research is required to effectively utilize this accumulated plutonium.展开更多
With wax content of 1.62%, heavy oil has been produced from the sandstone reservoirs of Neogene Guantao Formation (Ng1m). In the GC and GC-MS RIC profiles of its aliphatic fraction, n-alkanes are totally lost, which s...With wax content of 1.62%, heavy oil has been produced from the sandstone reservoirs of Neogene Guantao Formation (Ng1m). In the GC and GC-MS RIC profiles of its aliphatic fraction, n-alkanes are totally lost, which shows the result of heavy biodegradedation. However, the remaining trace C13-C36 n-alkanes can be still seen from its mlz 85 mass chromatogram. In addition, a complete series of C35-C73 high molecular weight (HMW) n-alkanes was detected by high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC). The HMW R-alkane series shows a normal distribution pattern, a major peak at nC43, obvious odd-carbon-number predominance, CPI37-55 and OEP45-49 values up to 1.17 and 1.16-1.20 respectively. The present study not only has conformed the strong resistibility of HMW n-alkanes to biodegradation in crude oils as concluded by previous researchers, but also has provided some significant information on source input and maturity for the heavily biodegraded oil in the Qianmiqiao region.展开更多
文摘The strained Si grown on the relaxed SiGe-on-insulator C-MOSFET's is a promising device for the future system LSI devices with the design rule of sub-micron. The achievement of the discrete Ge mole fraction in the SiGe layer is a key engineering in low-temperature SiGe epitaxial growth using HVCVD. The pre-flow of GeH4 gas enhanced the Ge mole fraction and SiGe layer thickness. In addition, the Ge mole fraction and SiGe layer thickness increases with the gas ratio of GeH4/SiH4 + GeH4, process temperature, and gas flow time. However, the haze was produced if the Ge mole fraction is above 22wt%. The discrete-like Ge mole fraction with 22 wt% in 10 nm SiGe layer was obtained by the pre-flow of GeH4 for 10 s, the mixture gas ratio of GeH4/SiH4 + GeH4 of 67%, and the gas flow time for 150 s at the process temperature of 550 C.
基金supported by the Chinese TMSR Strategic Pioneer Science and Technology Project(No.XDA02010000)Chinese Academy of Sciences Talent Introduction Youth Program(No.SINAP-YCJH-202303)Chinese Academy of Sciences Special Research Assistant Funding Project and Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Chinese Academy of Science,Shanghai Branch(JCYJ-SHFY-2021-003)。
文摘A molten salt reactor(MSR)has outstanding features considering the application of thorium fuel,inherent safety,sustainability,and resistance to proliferation.However,fissile material^(233)U is significantly rare at the current stage,thus it is difficult for MSR to achieve a pure thorium-uranium fuel cycle.Therefore,using plutonium or enriched uranium as the initial fuel for MSR is more practical.In this study,we aim to verify the feasibility of a small modular MSR that utilizes plutonium as the starting fuel(SM-MSR-Pu),and highlight its advantages and disadvantages.First,the structural design and fuel management scheme of the SM-MSR-Pu were presented.Second,the neutronic characteristics,such as the graphite-irradiation lifetime,burn-up performance,and coefficient of temperature reactivity were calculated to analyze the physical characteristics of the SM-MSR-Pu.The results indicate that plutonium is a feasible and advantageous starting fuel for a SM-MSR;however,there are certain shortcomings that need to be solved.In a 250 MWth SM-MSR-Pu,approximately 288.64 kg^(233)U of plutonium with a purity of greater than 90% is produced while 978.00 kg is burned every ten years.The temperature reactivity coefficient decreases from -4.0 to -6.5 pcm K^(-1) over the 50-year operating time,which ensures a long-term safe operation.However,the amount of plutonium and accumulation of minor actinides(MAs)would increase as the burn-up time increases,and the annual production and purity of^(233)U will decrease.To achieve an optimal burn-up performance,setting the entire operation time to 30 years is advisable.Regardless,more than 3600 kg of plutonium eventually accumulate in the core.Further research is required to effectively utilize this accumulated plutonium.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40172056)the Research Found for the Doctoral Program of High Education (RFDP No. 2000042506)the Geological Research Institute, Dagang Oilfield (Group) Co. Ltd.
文摘With wax content of 1.62%, heavy oil has been produced from the sandstone reservoirs of Neogene Guantao Formation (Ng1m). In the GC and GC-MS RIC profiles of its aliphatic fraction, n-alkanes are totally lost, which shows the result of heavy biodegradedation. However, the remaining trace C13-C36 n-alkanes can be still seen from its mlz 85 mass chromatogram. In addition, a complete series of C35-C73 high molecular weight (HMW) n-alkanes was detected by high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC). The HMW R-alkane series shows a normal distribution pattern, a major peak at nC43, obvious odd-carbon-number predominance, CPI37-55 and OEP45-49 values up to 1.17 and 1.16-1.20 respectively. The present study not only has conformed the strong resistibility of HMW n-alkanes to biodegradation in crude oils as concluded by previous researchers, but also has provided some significant information on source input and maturity for the heavily biodegraded oil in the Qianmiqiao region.