Preparation and Lubricating Properties of A New Antibacterial Emulsion Containing Nano-TiO_2 for Cold Rolling Strips

A new kind of emulsion containing nano TiO_2 was developed through the dispersion experiment. A commercial emulsion and a prepared by our lab emulsion without nano particles were chosen as controls to test the tribological and antibacterial properties of this new emulsion. The load carrying capacity, friction coefficient and average diameter of wear scars were tested by a four-ball machine and the comprehensive antifriction parameter ω was calculated. The wetting angle was also tested using a JC200C1 wetting angle tester. The micro surface and roughness of rolled strips were analyzed to investigate the tribological performance of the recommended new emulsion in strip production. It is shown that the new nano-emulsion possesses a higher load carrying capacity and wetting ability. Therefore the abrasive/plowing wear is reduced more efficiently with the addition of nano particles, and the micro surface is improved. The density of bacteria in the emulsions was tested after the cold rolling experiment. The emulsion breaking ratio and bacteria density were also tested in different time intervals after the cold rolling experiment. The final p H values and bacteria density of different layers of emulsions were measured and the sediment was analyzed by TEM to evaluate the antibacterial behavior of this new emulsion. It is shown that the density of microbial colonies which led to a corruption of emulsions was decreased about 90% and the effective antibacterial period was prolonged.

MORPHOLOGY EVOLUTION OF POLY(St-co-BuA)/SILICA NANOCOMPOSITE PARTICLES SYNTHESIZED BY EMULSION POLYMERIZATION

Poly（St-co-BuA）/silica nanocomposite latexes were synthesized via conventional emulsion polymerization in the presence of 3-（trimethoxysilyl）propyl methacrylate modified colloidal nano-silica. The effects of surface property, particle size and content of colloidal nano-silica as well as the concentrations of monomer and surfactant on the morphology of nanocomposite latex particles were investigated by transmission electron microscope （TEM） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） in detail. Various interesting morphologies such as grape-like, Chinese gooseberry-like, pomegranate-like and normal core-shell structures were observed. Droplet nucleation mechanism competing with micelle nucleation mechanism was proposed to explain the morphological evolution of the nanocomposite particles.

Electrostatic Complexes of Nano-Montmorillonite/Ethyl Lauroyl Arginate Stabilized Sunflower Oil Pickering Emulsions

Compared with traditional surfactant-stabilised emulsions, Pickering emulsions, stabilised by clay nanoparticles, have the advantages of strong interface stability, strong versatility, and low toxicity. Moreover, they have excellent application potential in the fields of food and medicine. In this study, a food-grade Pickering emulsion stabiliser was prepared by physically adsorbing the cationic surfactant ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE) on the surface of nano-montmorillonite (NMMT). Different LAE/NMMT combinations were assessed for their capacity to stabilise an oil-in-water emulsion at a low solid concentration (0.5%, w/v). The controllability of the droplet diameter and stability of the Pickering emulsions can be realised by changing the content of LAE. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and laser confocal microscopy (CLSM) confirmed the successful preparation of sunflower oil Pickering emulsion droplets stabilised by LAE/NMMT (0.0075%/1%). Additionally, the LAE/NMMT studied in this work could be used as a highly effective antibacterial surfactant with inorganic nanoparticles to efficiently stabilise Pickering emulsions, thus expanding the potential of preparing edible Pickering emulsion formulae.

Modeling of flow of oil-in-water emulsions through porous media

Formation and flow of emulsions in porous media are common in all enhanced oil recovery tech- niques. In most cases, oil-in-water （O/W） emulsions are formed in porous media due to oil-water interaction. Even now, detailed flow mechanisms of emulsions through porous media are not well understood. In this study, variation of rate of flow of O/W emulsions with pressure drop was studied experimentally, and rheological pa- rameters were calculated. The pressure drop increases with an increase in oil concentration in the O/W emulsion due to high viscosity. The effective viscosity of the emulsion was calculated from the derived model and expressed as a function of shear rate while flowing through porous media. Flow of O/W emulsions of different concentrations was evaluated in sand packs of different sand sizes. Emulsions were characterized by analyzing their stability, rheological properties, and tem- perature effects on rheological properties.

Regulation of ω-3 Fish Oil Emulsion on the SIRS during the Initial Stage of Severe Acute Pancreatitis

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of parenteral supplementation with ω-3 fish oil emulsion （Omegaven） on systemic inflammatory response syndrome （SIRS） during the initial stage of severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. In a prospective, randomized and controlled trial, 60 patients with SAP were randomized either to treat with conventional therapy （Con group, n=30） or conventional therapy plus intravenous supplementation with ω-3 fish oil emulsion 0.2 g/kg every day （FO group, n=30）. The effects were analyzed by the SIRS-related indexes. The results showed that APACHE-Ⅱ scores in FO group were significantly lower, and the gap increased much farther after the 4th day than those in Con group （P〈0.05）. Fluid equilibrium time became shorter markedly in FO group than in Con group （5.1±2.2 days vs 8.4±2.3 days）. In FO group, SIRS scores were markedly decreased and the SIRS state vanished after the 4th day; Plasma level of TNF-α was significantly reduced, while IL-10 decreased markedly, most prominently between the 4th and 7th day, and the ratio of IL-10/TNF-α raised as compared with Con group （P〈0.05）. During the initial stage of SAP, parenteral supplementation with ω-3 fish oil emulsion could efficiently lower the magnitude and persistence time of the SIRS, markedly retrieve the unbalance of the pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, improve severe condition of illness and may provide a new way to regulate the SIRS.

Sin-QuEChERS Nano净化柱结合气相色谱-串联质谱法快速筛查石斛中84种农药残留

利用Sin-QuEChERS Nano净化柱结合气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析,建立了石斛基质中84种不同极性农药残留的快速筛查方法。比较了采用不同的提取溶剂(1%乙酸乙腈、丙酮)和不同的提取方式(加水浸泡和不加水浸泡)下目标物的提取效率。利用金钗石斛样品系统比较了Sin-QuEChERS Nano法与经典的基质固相分散法(dSPE)、固相萃取法(SPE)、QuEChERS法的净化效果及提取回收率,以及净化效果较好的Sin-QuEChERS Nano法与dSPE法基质效应的差异。目标物经DB-1701MS石英毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)程序升温分离,GC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配溶液外标法定量。通过GC-MS/MS检测方法对金钗石斛和铁皮石斛中的84种代表性农药进行了方法学验证。结果表明:各目标物在不同范围内呈良好的线性相关,相关系数(r^(2))均>0.990,方法的检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为1.5~5.8μg/kg,方法的定量限(LOQ,S/N=10)为5.0~15.0μg/kg。在两个水平下,目标农药的加标回收率为68.7%~116.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)均低于15%。与其他经典的前处理方法相比,Sin-QuEChERS Nano法在净化效果方面表现更好,该法不仅可以有效去除色素、有机酸、碱性干扰物等物质,还可以节省样品制备时间,避免溶剂转移造成的损失,无需进一步涡旋或离心,是一种简单而有效的提取物纯化程序。该方法灵敏、快速、简便、可靠,有效地提高了石斛中农药快速筛查时的检测效率,具有较强的实际应用价值。此外,所开发的方法可以进一步扩展目标农药的类型,并可以用于检测其他更多食品及中药材中的农药残留。

Simple-QuEChERS Nano结合GC-MS/MS同时检测全血中的97种农药

建立了Simple-QuEChERS Nano结合气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)同时检测血液中97种农药的方法,并对基质条件、提取溶剂以及净化材料进行了优化。0.5 mL血液样品经3倍水稀释混匀,使用2.0 mL乙酸乙酯提取后振荡、离心,过Simple-QuEChERS Nano净化柱及0.22μm有机微孔滤膜后,采用多反应监测模式(MRM)进行分析。结果显示,97种农药在一定质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r2≥0.9873),除丙烯菊酯(检出限和定量下限分别为11.03、36.76 ng/mL)外,其余农药的检出限为0.06~4.27 ng/mL,定量下限为0.18~14.24 ng/mL。采用空白全血进行加标回收实验,97种农药在100、200、400 ng/mL 3个加标水平下的回收率为32.2%~120%,日内精密度为1.9%~11%,日间精密度为3.6%~13%。该方法由传统QuEChERS方法改进,绿色环保、操作简单、快速高效,可用于血液中多种农药的同时检测,用于实际案件血液样品中农药的筛查与定性定量检验,获得了良好的结果。

Nano-SiO_2/丙烯酸酯核壳乳液制备及外墙涂料耐沾污性

采用种子乳液聚合技术制备了nano-SiO2/丙烯酸酯核壳复合乳液,并以此乳液配制耐沾污外墙乳胶涂料。研究了nano-SiO2掺量和壳层丙烯酸酯聚合物玻璃化温度对乳液成膜和外墙涂料耐沾污性的影响。结果表明,相比较纯丙乳液和纯丙与胶体SiO2共混乳液,以nano-SiO2/丙烯酸酯核壳复合乳液配制的外墙乳胶涂料在漆膜致密性、硬度、耐水性、耐沾污性等方面都大大改善。SiO2最佳掺量为乳液配方总量的5%左右,高于此掺量,乳液的稳定性大大降低,漆膜变得硬而脆。随着壳层丙烯酸聚合物Tg的降低,乳液最低成膜温度显著降低,但漆膜耐沾污性也随之较大幅度降低。

NANO碳净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定东北黑土壤中多农残含量

本文使用NANO碳净化柱对土壤中的31种农药进行净化,并且通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)进行测定。土壤样品经过NANO碳净化柱,净化效果良好。31种农药的检出限为0.001~0.01mg/kg,定量限为0.003~0.033mg/kg,添加回收率在70%~120%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0%~10%之间。结果表明,该方法简单、快捷、灵敏度高,线性范围、回收率和精密度均适合土壤中的31种农药残留检测,在土壤农药残留筛查中具有较好的应用前景。

表面改性对Nano-SiO_2表面电位及乳状液稳定性的影响

使用硅烷偶联剂KH-550对纳米二氧化硅(Nano-SiO_2)进行表面有机改性。使用Zetasizer 3000电位仪,系统分析KH-550的用量、改性时间以及改性温度等因素对Nano-SiO_2表面ζ电位的影响,得到不同改性条件对Nano-SiO_2表面ζ电位的作用规律,从而建立改性Nano-SiO_2表面ζ电位与有机改性条件的关系。将改性前后的Nano-SiO_2与石油磺酸盐-PS复配,得到改性二氧化硅/表面活性剂(KH550-g-Nano-SiO_2-PS)复合体系。采用界面张力仪(TX-500c),系统研究该复合体系降低油/水界面张力能力,并利用Turbiscan Lab型乳状液稳定性分析仪,系统研究油/水乳状液的稳定性。结果表明,当石油磺酸盐表面活性剂质量分数为0.5%时,该体系油/水界面张力降低至2.30×10^(-2) mN/m,然而当KH550质量分数为5%时,KH550-g-Nano-SiO_2-PS体系能使油/水界面张力降低至5.42×10^(-3)mN/m,达到超低界面张力,且乳化液稳定性最大,此时KH550-g-Nano-SiO_2-PS体系表面ζ电位为-50.1mV,通过表面ζ电位的变化分析了油水界面张力变化及乳状液稳定机理。

Effect of Nano - Titanium Dioxide with Different Antibiotics against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

The different investigation has been carried out on the biological activities of titanium dioxide nanoparticle but the effect of this nano product on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics has not been yet demonstrated. In this study the nano size TiO2 is synthesized using citric acid and alpha dextrose and the enhancement effect of TiO2 nanoparticle on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics was evaluated against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). During the present study, different concentrations of nano-scale TiO2 were tested to find out the best concentration that can have the most effective antibacterial property against the MRSA culture. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics in the absence and presence of sub inhibitory concentration of TiO2 nano particle. A clinical isolate of MRSA, isolated from Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was used as test strain. In the presence of sub-inhibitory concentration of TiO2 nanoparticle (20 μg/disc) the antibacterial activities of all antibiotics have been increased against test strain with minimum 2 mm to maximum 10mm. The highest increase in inhibitory zone for MRSA was observed against pencillin G and amikacin (each 10 mm). Conversely, in case of nalidixic acid, TiO2 nanoparticle showed a Synergic effect on the antibacterial activity of this antibiotic against test strain. These results signify that the TiO2 nanoparticle potentate the antimicrobial action of beta lactums, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, macrolids and lincosamides, tetracycline a possible utilization of nano compound in combination effect against MRSA.

Structure and Performance of Ce-nano PO_4^(3-)/ZrO_2 Solid Acid Catalyst for Producing Biodiesel

The biodiesel prepared from Xanthoceras Sorbiflia Bunge Oil catalyzed by Ce doped nano PO_4^(3-)/ZrO_2 was investigated. A maximum biodiesel yield of 91.83% was achieved at the concentration of Ce^(3+) up to 0.1 mol/L, calcination temperature 500 °C, calcination time 3.0 h, and the concentration of phosphoric acid of 3.5 mol/L. Ce-nano PO_4^(3-)/ZrO_2 catalyst activities were correlated with the observed physico-chemical characteristics derived from scanning electron microscopy(SEM), FT-infrared(FT-IR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), thermogravimetric(TG) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) analysis. The delayed crystallization of ZrO_2 made surface oxides have more defects which were beneficial to the adsorption of PO_4^(3-) by the concentration increment of Ce^(3+). The chemical composition of synthesized biodiesel was confirmed by gas chromatography(GC). The characteristics of Xanthoceras Sorbiflia Bunge oil were found within the optimal range in accordance with Chinese No. 0 diesel standard as a substitute diesel fuel.

Synthesis of nano-CaCO_3 composite particles and their application

Nano-calcium carbonate composite particles were synthesized by the soapless emulsion polymerization technique of double monomers. The composite particles formation mechanism was investigated. The effects of composite particles on the mechanical properties of nano-CaCO3-ABS （acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer） composite material were studied. It was validated that the composite particles are made up of the nano-calcium carbonate cores and the shells of alternating copolymers of butyl acrylate （BA） and styrene （St）. The shells are chemically grafted and physically wrapped on the surface of nano-calcium carbonate particles. When the composite particles were filled in ABS matrix, the CaCO3 particles are homogeneously dispersed in the composite material as nanoscales. The impact strength of the composite material is obviously enhanced after filling appropriate amounts of composite particles. It can be concluded that the soapless emulsion polymerization of double monomers is an effective method for nano-CaCO3 surface treatment. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.

NONCONVENTIONAL EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLONITRILE CATALYZED BY in situ METAL COMPLEX

Nano-sized polyacrylonitrile （PAN） particles were prepared under the catalytic effect of in situ developed CoCl2/EDTA complex with ammonium persulfate as the initiator in the absence of any added emulsifier. The emulsion polymerization was studied at varying concentrations of the initiator, monomer, complex and solvent over a temperature range of 30-70℃. The overall activation energy （Ea, 49.79 kJ/mol）, energy of dissociation of initiator （Ed, 82.68 kJ/mol）, number of micelles （0.163 × 10^18） and the viscosity average molecular weight of the polymer were computed. The distribution of particle sizes was determined by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It was found that the oil-in-water polymerization was stabilized by the presence of the CoCl2/EDTA in situ complex reducing the particle size into the nano order. The average diameters of PAN nano particles, obtained by TEM, were in the range of 50-150 nm at the maximum conversion. The experimental particle size was mainly dependent on the concentration of the complex and temperature.

Pickering乳液自组装CL-20/n-Al/F2605复合空心微球的制备与性能

高能量、高爆热的六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)/Al复合物由于自身的高感度而限制了在炸药领域的广泛应用。为制备高能量和高安全性的CL-20/Al含能复合材料,采用Pickering乳液法制备了空心球形CL-20/n-Al/F2605(氟橡胶)复合物,并对Pickering乳液稳定性、复合物表面结构、热分解、燃烧及安全性能进行了分析。结果显示:当2 mL乙酸乙酯中溶解的CL-20固体质量为0.10~0.14 g、油水质量比在1:5~1:7之间、超声时间小于30 min、静置时间小于120 min时,形成的乳液稳定性好。该复合物表面结构粗糙,中位径d_(50)为73.17μm,各组分复合均匀。复合物的热分解峰温和活化能分别为236.7℃、164.6 kJ/mol,n-Al和F2605降低了CL-20分解过程中21.2%的活化能。复合物平均线性燃速为7.14 cm/s;特性落高H_(50)为39.5 cm,和原料CL-20相比提升了26.5 cm,安全性能得到提高。

CL-20-NBC/Al球形复合物的制备及性能表征

针对六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)安全性能差的问题,基于Pickering乳液法,将CL-20、Al两种高能组分进行复合,引入含能黏结剂硝化细菌纤维素(NBC)降低体系感度,制备了CL-20-NBC/Al球形复合物;研究了油水比、物料比、表面活性剂用量对乳液稳定性的影响;采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热(DSC)对CL-20-NBC/Al复合物的结构、形貌、热性能等进行了表征。结果表明,Pickering乳液法制备的CL-20-NBC/Al复合物,控制油水体积比为4∶6、CL-20与NBC质量比为6∶4、表面活性剂用量为原料用量的10%时,能形成稳定的乳液体系;CL-20-NBC/Al复合物为规则的球形,表面光滑,粒径分布(D_(50))为27.4μm;与原料CL-20相比,CL-20-NBC/Al复合物的放热量提高了42%;特性落高由原料的13 cm升高到40 cm,摩擦感度爆炸概率由原料的100%降至88%,其机械安全性能得到较大幅度的提升。

乳液聚合法制备聚(苯乙烯-丙烯腈)/Fe_(3)O_(4)磁性微球及对亚甲基蓝吸附性能研究

本文以苯乙烯(St)、丙烯腈(AN)原料,采用乳液聚合法在Fe_(3)O_(4)磁流体存在下进行双层表面活性剂的修饰制备了聚(苯乙烯-丙烯腈)/Fe_(3)O_(4)磁性高分子微球。进行了红外光谱(IR)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、粒径分析等手段表征磁性微球的组成成分,探究了不同比例的微球对亚甲基蓝的吸附性。最后,对比了不同乳液聚合体系中磁流体的添加量、聚合温度、单体加入方式等因素对聚(苯乙烯-丙烯腈)磁性微球粒径、分散度的影响及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附效果。结果表明:乳化温度30℃,磁流体添加量30 mL,采用逐一加入摩尔比为1:1的单体时得到的微球粒径最小(为1417.6 nm),且粒径分布均匀;乳化温度30℃,磁流体添加量40 mL,采用逐一加入摩尔比为1:1的单体对亚甲基蓝吸附效果最好去除率可以达到80%。

NS-VAE泡沫混凝土微观分析与宏观性能研究

首先分别探究了VAE乳液(Ethylene-vinylacetatecopolymer,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物)和纳米二氧化硅(NS)对泡沫混凝土干密度和抗压强度等宏观性能的影响,然后对VAE与NS复合改性泡沫混凝土的改性机理进行了微观分析。研究证明当NS掺入比例在0%~1%,VAE掺入比例在2%时,NS-VAE泡沫混凝土较普通泡沫混凝土改善了孔隙率和平均孔径,提高了3 d和28 d抗压强度,减小了0~7 d干缩值。微观分析表明NS形成的晶核附着在水化产物表面,并在水化产物表面与VAE一同形成致密的凝胶网膜结构,这些致密的凝胶网膜结构减小了泡沫混凝土内部的孔隙孔径,提高了复合改性泡沫混凝土的干密度与抗压强度。总体来看,NS-VAE泡沫混凝土同时具备VAE泡沫混凝土和NS泡沫混凝土的优点,早期干缩值小,不易开裂,早期抗压强度高,具备更优秀的力学性能。

Clevenger法提取草果精油的化学组成及清除NaNO_2能力

采用Clevenger法提取草果精油,以1.87%的平均得油率获得精油,用GC-MS联机对精油进行了成分分析,检测出38种成分,解析鉴定了占总成分98.393%的32个成分。主要成分1,8-桉树脑占40.891%(相对含量,以下同),α-水芹烯9.769%,2-异丙基苯甲醛6.988%。测定精油清除NaNO2能力结果可知:当精油用量为0.15～0.45 mL时,清除率为68.22%～81.40%,大于对照物Vc(57.12%～78.16%)和BHT(14.64%～18.66%)(精油和对照物浓度10 mg/mL)。

HPLC荧光法快速检测食品中的NaNO2

建立了HPLC荧光检测法测定不同食品中的NaNO2。碱性条件下以乙酸锌作为蛋白质沉淀剂纯化提取NaNO2。以C8柱作为分析柱,反相C18柱作为预柱,流动相V（水）∶V（乙腈）=60∶40,荧光检测器在激发波长375 nm发射波长415 nm条件下检测,相关系数r=0.9999,方法检出限为0.01 mg/kg,回收率84.6%～103%,相对标准偏差1.0%～5.0%。方法可用于食品中NaNO2的检测。