High purity Y_2O_3 nano-powders was synthesized directly from solution ofindustrial YCl_3 by method of oxalate precipitation through super-micro-reactors made by complexnon-ionic surfactant. The purity and diameter of...High purity Y_2O_3 nano-powders was synthesized directly from solution ofindustrial YCl_3 by method of oxalate precipitation through super-micro-reactors made by complexnon-ionic surfactant. The purity and diameter of Y_2O_3 particles were controlled by such processingparameters as concentration of YCl_3 and oxalic acid and complex non-ionic surfactant etc. TEMphotomicrographs show that Y_2O_3 particles are spherical in shape, with an average diameter of lessthan 30 nm. Test results certify that the purity and particle diameter as well as the dispersion ofY_2O_3 nano-powder depend on the concentrations of YCl_3, oxalic acid and complex non-ionicsurfactant. The optimum ranges of the concentrations for YCl_3 and complex non-ionic surfactant whenthe diameter of Y_2O_3 particles is smaller than 100 nm are 0.43 ~1.4 mol ? L^(-1) and0.031~0.112 mol·L^(-1) respectively, while the mass fraction range of oxalic acid is 10% ~18% .The purity of Y_2O_3 nano-powder tested by ICP-AES analysis is 99.99% .展开更多
High quality nano-sized zirconium carbide (ZrC) powders were successfully fabricated via a developed chemical active dilution self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method assisted by ball milling pretr...High quality nano-sized zirconium carbide (ZrC) powders were successfully fabricated via a developed chemical active dilution self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method assisted by ball milling pretreatment process using traditional cheap zirconium dioxide powder (ZrO2), magnesium powder (Mg) and sucrose (C12H22Oll) as raw materials. FSEM, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, XRD, FTIR and Raman, ICP- AES, laser particle size analyzer, oxygen and nitrogen analyzer, carbon/sulfur determinator and TG-DSC were employed for the characterization of the morphology, structure, chemical composition and thermal stability of the as-synthesized ZrC samples. The as-synthesized samples demonstrated high purity, low oxygen content and evenly distributed ZrC nano-powders with an average particle size of 50nm. In addition, the effects of endothermic rate and the possible chemical reaction mechanism were also discussed.展开更多
The nano-sized BaTiO3:La3+ powders were prepared by sol-gel process using butyl phthalate, barium acetate and lanthanum oxide as raw material, and these samples were tested by means of TG-DTA, XRD and SEM. The results...The nano-sized BaTiO3:La3+ powders were prepared by sol-gel process using butyl phthalate, barium acetate and lanthanum oxide as raw material, and these samples were tested by means of TG-DTA, XRD and SEM. The results indicate that with the annealing temperature and the doped concentration rising, the powders' particle sizes will increase and decrease respectively. When annealing temperature is 900 ℃ and doped concentration is 7%, the phase is cubic without other phases, and the particle size of power is 43.34 nm.展开更多
Dy0.8Sr0.2FeO3 nano powder, a synthetic oxide, is made by sol-gel method from metal nitrate and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and the processing parameters are optimized. The process of the preparation, t...Dy0.8Sr0.2FeO3 nano powder, a synthetic oxide, is made by sol-gel method from metal nitrate and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and the processing parameters are optimized. The process of the preparation, thermal decomposition and the property of the powder are studied by TG-DTA, IR, TEM, and XRD. The diameter of the average grain is about 70 nm. This new technique can be used in the preparation and the studying of na'no materials in the complex oxide system.展开更多
Nanostructured materials, characterized by an ultrafine grain size, have stimulated much research interest by virtue of their unusual mechanical, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. In this paper, the sinter...Nanostructured materials, characterized by an ultrafine grain size, have stimulated much research interest by virtue of their unusual mechanical, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. In this paper, the sintering process of nano-powders were reviewed, to which sintering of the traditional materials compared. The microstructural development, i.e., grain growth and densification during sintering as well as the mechanism of crystal surface diffusion and boundary migration were analyzed, and the dynamic models on sintering process were summarized by the relationship of grain growth and pores size, interface diffusion, densification rate, and sintering temperature. Finally, the research tendency of this major on the basis of above models was discussed.展开更多
The La doped WC/Co powder was prepared by high energy ball milling. The changes of crystal structure, micrograph and defect of the powder were investigated by means of XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron m...The La doped WC/Co powder was prepared by high energy ball milling. The changes of crystal structure, micrograph and defect of the powder were investigated by means of XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscope) and DTA (differential thermal analysis). The results show that adding trace La element into carbides is effective to minish the grain size of WC/Co powder. The La doped carbides powder with grain size of 30nm can be obtained after 10h ball milling. The XRD peak of Co phase disappeared after 20h ball milling, which indicated solid solution (or secondary solid solution) of Co phase in WC phase. The La doped powder with grain size of 10nm is obtained after 30h ball milling. A peak of heat release at the temperature of 470℃ was emerged in DTA curve within the range of heating temperature, which showed that the crystal structure relaxation of the powder appeared in the process of high energy ball milling. After consolidated the La doped WC/Co alloy by high energy ball milling exhibits ultra-fine grain sizes and better mechanical properties.展开更多
The homogeneously dispersed, less agglomerated (Nd0.01Y0.99)3Al5O12 nano-sized powders were synthesized by the low temperature combustion (LCS), using Nd2O3, Y2O3, Al(NO3)3·9H2O, ammonia water and citric acid as ...The homogeneously dispersed, less agglomerated (Nd0.01Y0.99)3Al5O12 nano-sized powders were synthesized by the low temperature combustion (LCS), using Nd2O3, Y2O3, Al(NO3)3·9H2O, ammonia water and citric acid as starting materials. This method effectively solves the problems caused by solid-state reaction at high temperature and hard agglomerates brought by the chemical precipitation method. The powders were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, FT-IR, TEM respectively and the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of (Nd0.01Y0.99)3Al5O12 green and sintered ceramic disks were measured. The results show that the forming temperature of YAG crystal phase is 850 ℃ and YAP crystal phase appearing during the calcinations transforms to pure YAG at 1050 ℃. The particle size of the powders synthesized by the LCS is in a range of 20~50 nm depending on the thermal treatment temperatures. The effectively induced cross section (σin) with the value 4.03×10-19 cm2 of (Nd0.01Y0.99)3Al5O12 ceramics is about 44% higher than that of single crystal.展开更多
Hydrogen thermal plasma jet was employed to prepare nano-sized boron powder with hydrogen reduction of BCI3. The maximum yield of nano-sized boron powders was about 50% with the operational conditions of H2/BCl3 of 4....Hydrogen thermal plasma jet was employed to prepare nano-sized boron powder with hydrogen reduction of BCI3. The maximum yield of nano-sized boron powders was about 50% with the operational conditions of H2/BCl3 of 4.5:1, total feed of 4.9 m3/h, and plasma power of 25 kW. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), inductive combustion infrared absorption (ICIA) and infrared thermal conductivity of oxygen and nitrogen analyzer (ITCA). The results show that the boron powders have different crystal structures with higher dispersion and purity. The average diameter is about 50 nm, and the purity is 90.29% or so. This new technology can use simple process to produce high quality boron powders, and is feasible for industrial production.展开更多
A novel kind of waterborne epoxy coating pigmented by nano-sized aluminium powders on high strength steel was formulated. Several coatings with different pigment volume content (PVC) were prepared. The coating morphol...A novel kind of waterborne epoxy coating pigmented by nano-sized aluminium powders on high strength steel was formulated. Several coatings with different pigment volume content (PVC) were prepared. The coating morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the electrochemical properties were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Immersion test and neutral salt spray test were also conducted to investigate the corrosion resistance of the coating. It is demonstrated that the critical pigment volume content (CPVC) value is between 30% and 40%. The coating with PVC of 30% exhibits good corrosion resistance in 3.5% (mass fraction) NaCl solution.展开更多
By using microwave-assisted co-precipitation in aqueous phase, adding surface activation agent PEG-6000 into the mixture of InCl3 solution and SnCl4 solution, and dropping the ammonia solution with the density (volume...By using microwave-assisted co-precipitation in aqueous phase, adding surface activation agent PEG-6000 into the mixture of InCl3 solution and SnCl4 solution, and dropping the ammonia solution with the density (volume ratio) of 1-0 to 1-4, ITO precursor was prepared at different reaction system temperatures of 35 ℃-85 ℃, then ITO nano-powder was obtained after it was calcinated at 800 ℃ for 1 h. The morphology of ITO nano-powder was characterized by SEM and its electrical conductivity was determined by conductivity meter. The effects of different temperatures and ammonia concentration in microwave-assisted reaction system on its morphology and electric conductivity were discussed. The experimental results indicate that with the dilution of the ammonia solution or the rise of reacting system temperature, the morphology of ITO particles is transformed from spherical to rod-like one with the decline of its electric conductivity. And the electric conductivity of ITO nano-powders with spherical morphology is higher than that of ITO nano-powders with rod-like morphology.展开更多
The preparation process of amorphous nanometer boron powders through combustion synthesis was investigated, and the effects of the reactant ratio, the heating agent and the milling rate on the activity and particle si...The preparation process of amorphous nanometer boron powders through combustion synthesis was investigated, and the effects of the reactant ratio, the heating agent and the milling rate on the activity and particle size of amorphous boron powders were studied. The results show that the boron powders exist in the form of an amorphous phase which has the crystallinity lower than 30.4%, and the particle size of boron powder decreases with an increase of the high-energy ball milling rate. The purity of amorphous boron powder is 94.8% and particle sizes are much smaller than 100 nm when the mass ratio of B2O3/Mg/KClO3 is 100:105:17 and the ball milling time is 20 min with the milling rate of 300 r/min. At the same time, the amorphous boron nano-fibers appear in the boron powders.展开更多
The nano-Bi2O3 powders were prepared by a chemical precipitation method with Bi(NO3)3, HNO3 and NaOH as reactants. The structural characteristics and morphology of nano-Bi2O3 powders were investigated by X-ray diffr...The nano-Bi2O3 powders were prepared by a chemical precipitation method with Bi(NO3)3, HNO3 and NaOH as reactants. The structural characteristics and morphology of nano-Bi2O3 powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The results show that under the optimum condition that 300g/L Bi(NO3)3 reacts at 90℃ for 2h, the Bi2O3 powders with 60nm on the average and 99.5% in purity are obtained. The prepared nano-Bi2O3 powders contain a mixed crystal structure of monoclinic and triclinic instead of traditional structure of monoclinic α-Bi2O3. And the mixed crystal structure is stable in air. The reason for the appearance of the mixed crystal structure may be that the ionic radius ratio of Bi 3+ to O 2- changes easily during the formation of nano-Bi2O3 particles by a chemical precipitation method.展开更多
Powder quartz(PQ)/nano-TiO2composite was prepared by a mechanochemical method. Based on as-prepared PQ/nano-TiO2composite, we prepared interior paints and investigated the degradation efficiency of formaldehyde(DEF). ...Powder quartz(PQ)/nano-TiO2composite was prepared by a mechanochemical method. Based on as-prepared PQ/nano-TiO2composite, we prepared interior paints and investigated the degradation efficiency of formaldehyde(DEF). Scanning electron microscopy showed that nano-TiO2got well dispersed by the adding of PQ. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the mass ratio of 4:1 was a relatively good proportion for the most production of PQ/nano-TiO2composite. Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry showed that the peak position of Ti-O-Si bond varied with the milling time. At the early stage, no characteristic peak of Ti-O-Si bond was observed, while at the later stage, new peaks at 902 cm-1and 937 cm-1appeared. Meanwhile, PQ/nano-TiO2composite-based interior paint exhibited significant DEF of 96.3% compared to that consisting of sole nanoTiO2of 92.0% under visible light illumination. As an abundant mineral resource, PQ would make interior paints with HCHO purifying effect much more efficient and cheaper.展开更多
Blended elemental 90W 7Ni 3Fe (mass fraction, %) powder was mechanically alloyed in a planetary ball mill. Nano crystalline grains were obtained after 10 h milling. The nano structured powder was processed to full den...Blended elemental 90W 7Ni 3Fe (mass fraction, %) powder was mechanically alloyed in a planetary ball mill. Nano crystalline grains were obtained after 10 h milling. The nano structured powder was processed to full density by metal injection molding approach. Compacts from the optimal powder binder mixture were studied for molding and sintering behaviors. Milling significantly increases the maximum powder loading and homogeneity of the feedstock, and enhances the sintering densification process. When solid state sintered at 1 350~1 450 ℃, the alloy shows very fine grains (~3 μm), high tensile strength (>1 130 MPa) and almost no distortion. [展开更多
This paper reports the preparation of nano-TiO2 (about 10 nm) powder by the method of precipitation. In detail, some breparation conditions were investigated in order to find out how to control the grain size and redu...This paper reports the preparation of nano-TiO2 (about 10 nm) powder by the method of precipitation. In detail, some breparation conditions were investigated in order to find out how to control the grain size and reduce the agglomeration of powders. Also, the reflex spectra of nano-scale powders with different grain size were studied. It tvas found that the wave length and width of reflex spectra are connected with the grain size of nano-TiO2 powders展开更多
With zirconium oxychloride, nitrate of lime and ammonia as raw materials, nano powder of CaO ZrO 2 was prepared by chemical coprecipitation method. By use of azeotropic distillation processing, chemical coprecipitatio...With zirconium oxychloride, nitrate of lime and ammonia as raw materials, nano powder of CaO ZrO 2 was prepared by chemical coprecipitation method. By use of azeotropic distillation processing, chemical coprecipitation precursor was obtained. Phase transformation of the precursor was observed at the temperature of 593.81 ℃ and 1 234.56 ℃ respectively with DTA analyses. Phase structure was analyzed through XRD and Raman spectra. The average particle size of tetragonal zirconium oxide powder was 9.8 and 43.7 nm after calcination at 600 and 1 100 ℃ respectively which was tested by TEM and BET analyses. Furthermore, the influences of the doping of nitrate of lime and the average particle size of zirconium oxide on the stability of tetragonal zirconium oxide were also discussed.展开更多
In order to grow high-quality gallium garnet crystals,polycrystalline materials were used as starting materials.YSGG precursor was synthesized by co-precipitation method using aqueous ammonia as a precipitator,and the...In order to grow high-quality gallium garnet crystals,polycrystalline materials were used as starting materials.YSGG precursor was synthesized by co-precipitation method using aqueous ammonia as a precipitator,and the precursor was then sintered at different temperatures.The results showed that the feasible pH range was 8.3~9.84 in the process of co-precipitation reaction.The YSGG precursor and the powders sintered at different temperatures were characterized by IR,XRD and TEM methods.It was found that the precursor transformed to pure YSGG polycrystalline phase at 800 ℃.YSGG nano-polycrystalline powders sintered at 800~1000 ℃ were well dispersed and the sizes of the YSGG grains were about 40~100 nm.展开更多
The mixture of 90W 7Ni 3Fe(mass fraction, %) powders was milled in a planetary ball mill. Its structure changed during milling, the surface characteristics and thermal stability of the milled powders were studied with...The mixture of 90W 7Ni 3Fe(mass fraction, %) powders was milled in a planetary ball mill. Its structure changed during milling, the surface characteristics and thermal stability of the milled powders were studied with X ray diffraction(XRD), Brunaure Emmett Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption technique and differential thermal analysis(DTA). The results show that high energy ball milling leads to the formation of composite powders with amorphous binder phase and supersaturated W(Ni, Fe) nano crystalline grains in which great lattice distortion exists. The crystallization temperature of the amorphous binder phase during heating decreases with milling time. The specific surface area and the pore size of the powder mixtures decreases with milling time due to agglomeration and welding between particles.展开更多
文摘High purity Y_2O_3 nano-powders was synthesized directly from solution ofindustrial YCl_3 by method of oxalate precipitation through super-micro-reactors made by complexnon-ionic surfactant. The purity and diameter of Y_2O_3 particles were controlled by such processingparameters as concentration of YCl_3 and oxalic acid and complex non-ionic surfactant etc. TEMphotomicrographs show that Y_2O_3 particles are spherical in shape, with an average diameter of lessthan 30 nm. Test results certify that the purity and particle diameter as well as the dispersion ofY_2O_3 nano-powder depend on the concentrations of YCl_3, oxalic acid and complex non-ionicsurfactant. The optimum ranges of the concentrations for YCl_3 and complex non-ionic surfactant whenthe diameter of Y_2O_3 particles is smaller than 100 nm are 0.43 ~1.4 mol ? L^(-1) and0.031~0.112 mol·L^(-1) respectively, while the mass fraction range of oxalic acid is 10% ~18% .The purity of Y_2O_3 nano-powder tested by ICP-AES analysis is 99.99% .
基金Funded by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-12-0655)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2014GXNSFFA118004)the Self-determined and Innovative Research Funds of WUT(Nos.136643002 and No.2013IV058)
文摘High quality nano-sized zirconium carbide (ZrC) powders were successfully fabricated via a developed chemical active dilution self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method assisted by ball milling pretreatment process using traditional cheap zirconium dioxide powder (ZrO2), magnesium powder (Mg) and sucrose (C12H22Oll) as raw materials. FSEM, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, XRD, FTIR and Raman, ICP- AES, laser particle size analyzer, oxygen and nitrogen analyzer, carbon/sulfur determinator and TG-DSC were employed for the characterization of the morphology, structure, chemical composition and thermal stability of the as-synthesized ZrC samples. The as-synthesized samples demonstrated high purity, low oxygen content and evenly distributed ZrC nano-powders with an average particle size of 50nm. In addition, the effects of endothermic rate and the possible chemical reaction mechanism were also discussed.
文摘The nano-sized BaTiO3:La3+ powders were prepared by sol-gel process using butyl phthalate, barium acetate and lanthanum oxide as raw material, and these samples were tested by means of TG-DTA, XRD and SEM. The results indicate that with the annealing temperature and the doped concentration rising, the powders' particle sizes will increase and decrease respectively. When annealing temperature is 900 ℃ and doped concentration is 7%, the phase is cubic without other phases, and the particle size of power is 43.34 nm.
文摘Dy0.8Sr0.2FeO3 nano powder, a synthetic oxide, is made by sol-gel method from metal nitrate and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and the processing parameters are optimized. The process of the preparation, thermal decomposition and the property of the powder are studied by TG-DTA, IR, TEM, and XRD. The diameter of the average grain is about 70 nm. This new technique can be used in the preparation and the studying of na'no materials in the complex oxide system.
基金This project was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (No.E2005000027) and Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No.06YFJMJC02400).
文摘Nanostructured materials, characterized by an ultrafine grain size, have stimulated much research interest by virtue of their unusual mechanical, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. In this paper, the sintering process of nano-powders were reviewed, to which sintering of the traditional materials compared. The microstructural development, i.e., grain growth and densification during sintering as well as the mechanism of crystal surface diffusion and boundary migration were analyzed, and the dynamic models on sintering process were summarized by the relationship of grain growth and pores size, interface diffusion, densification rate, and sintering temperature. Finally, the research tendency of this major on the basis of above models was discussed.
基金This work was supported by State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy of China. We are grateful to the staff of Hu'nan Yin Zhou Nonferrous Metals Hi-Tech. Ltd. Company for cemented carbides powders.
文摘The La doped WC/Co powder was prepared by high energy ball milling. The changes of crystal structure, micrograph and defect of the powder were investigated by means of XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscope) and DTA (differential thermal analysis). The results show that adding trace La element into carbides is effective to minish the grain size of WC/Co powder. The La doped carbides powder with grain size of 30nm can be obtained after 10h ball milling. The XRD peak of Co phase disappeared after 20h ball milling, which indicated solid solution (or secondary solid solution) of Co phase in WC phase. The La doped powder with grain size of 10nm is obtained after 30h ball milling. A peak of heat release at the temperature of 470℃ was emerged in DTA curve within the range of heating temperature, which showed that the crystal structure relaxation of the powder appeared in the process of high energy ball milling. After consolidated the La doped WC/Co alloy by high energy ball milling exhibits ultra-fine grain sizes and better mechanical properties.
文摘The homogeneously dispersed, less agglomerated (Nd0.01Y0.99)3Al5O12 nano-sized powders were synthesized by the low temperature combustion (LCS), using Nd2O3, Y2O3, Al(NO3)3·9H2O, ammonia water and citric acid as starting materials. This method effectively solves the problems caused by solid-state reaction at high temperature and hard agglomerates brought by the chemical precipitation method. The powders were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, FT-IR, TEM respectively and the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of (Nd0.01Y0.99)3Al5O12 green and sintered ceramic disks were measured. The results show that the forming temperature of YAG crystal phase is 850 ℃ and YAP crystal phase appearing during the calcinations transforms to pure YAG at 1050 ℃. The particle size of the powders synthesized by the LCS is in a range of 20~50 nm depending on the thermal treatment temperatures. The effectively induced cross section (σin) with the value 4.03×10-19 cm2 of (Nd0.01Y0.99)3Al5O12 ceramics is about 44% higher than that of single crystal.
基金supported in part by the National Centre of Analysis and Testing for Nonferrous Metal & Electronic Material for Elementary Analysis, Beijing, China
文摘Hydrogen thermal plasma jet was employed to prepare nano-sized boron powder with hydrogen reduction of BCI3. The maximum yield of nano-sized boron powders was about 50% with the operational conditions of H2/BCl3 of 4.5:1, total feed of 4.9 m3/h, and plasma power of 25 kW. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), inductive combustion infrared absorption (ICIA) and infrared thermal conductivity of oxygen and nitrogen analyzer (ITCA). The results show that the boron powders have different crystal structures with higher dispersion and purity. The average diameter is about 50 nm, and the purity is 90.29% or so. This new technology can use simple process to produce high quality boron powders, and is feasible for industrial production.
基金Project(51001007) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011ZE51057) supported by the Aero Science Foundation of China
文摘A novel kind of waterborne epoxy coating pigmented by nano-sized aluminium powders on high strength steel was formulated. Several coatings with different pigment volume content (PVC) were prepared. The coating morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the electrochemical properties were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Immersion test and neutral salt spray test were also conducted to investigate the corrosion resistance of the coating. It is demonstrated that the critical pigment volume content (CPVC) value is between 30% and 40%. The coating with PVC of 30% exhibits good corrosion resistance in 3.5% (mass fraction) NaCl solution.
基金Project (50725416) supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of ChinaProject(2008RS4037) supported by the Postdoctoral Science and Research Special Foundation of Hunan Province, ChinaProject supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Central South University, China
文摘By using microwave-assisted co-precipitation in aqueous phase, adding surface activation agent PEG-6000 into the mixture of InCl3 solution and SnCl4 solution, and dropping the ammonia solution with the density (volume ratio) of 1-0 to 1-4, ITO precursor was prepared at different reaction system temperatures of 35 ℃-85 ℃, then ITO nano-powder was obtained after it was calcinated at 800 ℃ for 1 h. The morphology of ITO nano-powder was characterized by SEM and its electrical conductivity was determined by conductivity meter. The effects of different temperatures and ammonia concentration in microwave-assisted reaction system on its morphology and electric conductivity were discussed. The experimental results indicate that with the dilution of the ammonia solution or the rise of reacting system temperature, the morphology of ITO particles is transformed from spherical to rod-like one with the decline of its electric conductivity. And the electric conductivity of ITO nano-powders with spherical morphology is higher than that of ITO nano-powders with rod-like morphology.
基金Project(51002025) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The preparation process of amorphous nanometer boron powders through combustion synthesis was investigated, and the effects of the reactant ratio, the heating agent and the milling rate on the activity and particle size of amorphous boron powders were studied. The results show that the boron powders exist in the form of an amorphous phase which has the crystallinity lower than 30.4%, and the particle size of boron powder decreases with an increase of the high-energy ball milling rate. The purity of amorphous boron powder is 94.8% and particle sizes are much smaller than 100 nm when the mass ratio of B2O3/Mg/KClO3 is 100:105:17 and the ball milling time is 20 min with the milling rate of 300 r/min. At the same time, the amorphous boron nano-fibers appear in the boron powders.
文摘The nano-Bi2O3 powders were prepared by a chemical precipitation method with Bi(NO3)3, HNO3 and NaOH as reactants. The structural characteristics and morphology of nano-Bi2O3 powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The results show that under the optimum condition that 300g/L Bi(NO3)3 reacts at 90℃ for 2h, the Bi2O3 powders with 60nm on the average and 99.5% in purity are obtained. The prepared nano-Bi2O3 powders contain a mixed crystal structure of monoclinic and triclinic instead of traditional structure of monoclinic α-Bi2O3. And the mixed crystal structure is stable in air. The reason for the appearance of the mixed crystal structure may be that the ionic radius ratio of Bi 3+ to O 2- changes easily during the formation of nano-Bi2O3 particles by a chemical precipitation method.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41130746)
文摘Powder quartz(PQ)/nano-TiO2composite was prepared by a mechanochemical method. Based on as-prepared PQ/nano-TiO2composite, we prepared interior paints and investigated the degradation efficiency of formaldehyde(DEF). Scanning electron microscopy showed that nano-TiO2got well dispersed by the adding of PQ. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the mass ratio of 4:1 was a relatively good proportion for the most production of PQ/nano-TiO2composite. Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry showed that the peak position of Ti-O-Si bond varied with the milling time. At the early stage, no characteristic peak of Ti-O-Si bond was observed, while at the later stage, new peaks at 902 cm-1and 937 cm-1appeared. Meanwhile, PQ/nano-TiO2composite-based interior paint exhibited significant DEF of 96.3% compared to that consisting of sole nanoTiO2of 92.0% under visible light illumination. As an abundant mineral resource, PQ would make interior paints with HCHO purifying effect much more efficient and cheaper.
文摘Blended elemental 90W 7Ni 3Fe (mass fraction, %) powder was mechanically alloyed in a planetary ball mill. Nano crystalline grains were obtained after 10 h milling. The nano structured powder was processed to full density by metal injection molding approach. Compacts from the optimal powder binder mixture were studied for molding and sintering behaviors. Milling significantly increases the maximum powder loading and homogeneity of the feedstock, and enhances the sintering densification process. When solid state sintered at 1 350~1 450 ℃, the alloy shows very fine grains (~3 μm), high tensile strength (>1 130 MPa) and almost no distortion. [
文摘This paper reports the preparation of nano-TiO2 (about 10 nm) powder by the method of precipitation. In detail, some breparation conditions were investigated in order to find out how to control the grain size and reduce the agglomeration of powders. Also, the reflex spectra of nano-scale powders with different grain size were studied. It tvas found that the wave length and width of reflex spectra are connected with the grain size of nano-TiO2 powders
文摘With zirconium oxychloride, nitrate of lime and ammonia as raw materials, nano powder of CaO ZrO 2 was prepared by chemical coprecipitation method. By use of azeotropic distillation processing, chemical coprecipitation precursor was obtained. Phase transformation of the precursor was observed at the temperature of 593.81 ℃ and 1 234.56 ℃ respectively with DTA analyses. Phase structure was analyzed through XRD and Raman spectra. The average particle size of tetragonal zirconium oxide powder was 9.8 and 43.7 nm after calcination at 600 and 1 100 ℃ respectively which was tested by TEM and BET analyses. Furthermore, the influences of the doping of nitrate of lime and the average particle size of zirconium oxide on the stability of tetragonal zirconium oxide were also discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(5047210460478025)
文摘In order to grow high-quality gallium garnet crystals,polycrystalline materials were used as starting materials.YSGG precursor was synthesized by co-precipitation method using aqueous ammonia as a precipitator,and the precursor was then sintered at different temperatures.The results showed that the feasible pH range was 8.3~9.84 in the process of co-precipitation reaction.The YSGG precursor and the powders sintered at different temperatures were characterized by IR,XRD and TEM methods.It was found that the precursor transformed to pure YSGG polycrystalline phase at 800 ℃.YSGG nano-polycrystalline powders sintered at 800~1000 ℃ were well dispersed and the sizes of the YSGG grains were about 40~100 nm.
文摘The mixture of 90W 7Ni 3Fe(mass fraction, %) powders was milled in a planetary ball mill. Its structure changed during milling, the surface characteristics and thermal stability of the milled powders were studied with X ray diffraction(XRD), Brunaure Emmett Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption technique and differential thermal analysis(DTA). The results show that high energy ball milling leads to the formation of composite powders with amorphous binder phase and supersaturated W(Ni, Fe) nano crystalline grains in which great lattice distortion exists. The crystallization temperature of the amorphous binder phase during heating decreases with milling time. The specific surface area and the pore size of the powder mixtures decreases with milling time due to agglomeration and welding between particles.