Nano-Ni粉体对Fe/WC涂层组织和性能的影响

在Fe/WC喷涂材料中添加不同量的Nano-Ni粉体,采用亚音速火焰喷涂技术在Q235基体上制备涂层,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等设备进行显微组织、表面形貌观察及物相分析,利用MM-W1磨损试验机和HXD-1000TM型显微硬度仪对涂层的性能进行测试.结果表明:Nano-Ni粉体可以细化涂层组织,提高涂层的致密性,随着Nano-Ni粉体添加量的增大,相应的力学性能均得到提高,在涂层形成过程中Nano-Ni粉体与喷涂材料中的其他成分形成了一些新相,如Fe-Ni固溶体和CeNi3,这些新相为改善涂层组织和提高涂层的力学性能起到积极作用.

电接触强化对Ni-P/Nano-WC复合刷镀层的微观组织及性能的影响

目的提高Ni-P/nano-WC复合刷镀层的性能。方法利用电刷镀技术将Ni-P与nano-WC粉末共同沉积在40Cr基体表面形成纳米颗粒增强的复合镀层,再利用电接触技术对Ni-P/nano-WC复合镀层进行二次强化。利用光学显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、能谱分析(EDS)和显微硬度测量等手段,分析电接触强化处理对Ni-P/nano-WC复合镀层的影响。同时利用滚动摩擦试验分析电接触强化前后复合镀层耐磨性的变化情况。结果电接触强化处理后,Ni-P/nano-WC复合刷镀层的孔隙和裂纹减少,复合镀层与基体之间的界面在高温和高压的作用下发生焊合。XRD分析显示复合镀层的晶粒细化,镀层的晶粒尺寸由35.35 nm下降至26.28 nm。随着接触电流的加大,复合镀层的硬度也在逐步加大。经过20 k A电流的强化,复合镀层平均硬度由637HV0.1增加到885HV0.1,镀层硬度分布更加均匀;4 h的滚动摩损表明,随着接触电流的加大,试样的质量损失逐步减小,经20 k A接触电流强化后的Ni-P/nano-WC复合镀层质量损失为503 mg,比未经电接触强化的Ni-P/nano-WC复合镀层低40%。结论电接触强化技术能有效改善Ni-P/nano-WC复合镀层的微观组织与性能,将镀层界面由机械结合变为冶金结合,同时提高镀层的耐磨性能。

45#钢表面Ni-P-nano-SiC复合化学镀层的制备

在优化设计的化学镀基础镀液中通过添加不同含量的纳米SiC颗粒,研究在45#钢表面制备具有纳米SiC颗粒增强的复合镀层及形成机理.利用SEM,XRD和显微硬度计等方法对实验样品的组织结构、形貌、显微硬度及其镀层形成机理进行了研究,结果表明:实验制备的Ni-P,Ni-P-SiC镀层镀态时硬度分别为572 HV,649 HV,热处理后其表面硬度在400℃时达到最大值1 045 HV和1 341 HV.纳米SiC颗粒在镀液中不参与化学反应,只是与化学反应所产生的Ni和P共同沉积在镀层中起到了复合强化的作用.Ni-P-nano-SiC镀层的生长机理是按层状方式生长,生长方向垂直于钢基体表面.纳米SiC提高了复合化学镀层的生长速度,促进了复合镀层以较薄的分层方式生长.

Ni-P-nano-TiO_2合金镀层耐蚀性能的研究

用失重腐蚀、热处理和电化学方法,研究了化学镀Ni-P-nano-TiO2合金(溶胶型、锐钛型和金红石型)的失重腐蚀速度、孔蚀电位、孔隙率、形貌和硬度。结果表明,在NaCl腐蚀介质中,Ni-P-nano-TiO2(溶胶型)合金的耐蚀性能比Ni-P合金提高10倍多,并且孔蚀电位最正(0.785V)。经200～600℃热处理后,合金耐蚀性有不同程度的下降;合金的晶格变化、氧化膜生成、镀层与基体间扩散层形成都对合金耐蚀性能变化起了重要作用;但合金硬度在200～400℃热处理后明显提高了。

表面活性剂对镁合金Ni-P-nano-Si_3N_4化学复合镀层组织和性能的影响

研究了表面活性剂对AZ31镁合金Ni-P-nano-Si3N4化学复合镀层形貌、镀速、镀层中nano-Si3N4颗粒的含量以及镀层硬度的影响。结果表明,采用阴离子表面活性剂,使Ni-P-Si3N4镀层的组织均匀且致密,镀层的硬度和沉积率都较高。

Impact Factors on Removal of Perchloroethylene with Nano-Ni/Fe Methodology

Chlorinated hydrocarbons are widely detected in groundwater, but conventional removal methodologies are not time-and-cost effective. With the development of iron reducing technology in recent years, research on nano-iron and nano-bimetal has become a hot spot. The paper presents the results of impact factors on perchloroethylene （PCE） removal by nano-Ni/Fe method. The data show that the reaction rate of unexposed nano-Ni/Fe is 4 times higher than exposed one; and temperature is one of the important controlling factors. Reaction rate constant KSA increases by 2-3 times with every 10℃ increment of temperature. Within a specific range, higher Ni/Fe ratio favors dechlorination process. When the Ni/Fe is 8%, the dechlorination process reaches the highest rate. Dissoved oxygen in the solution does not favor the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Effect of transformation pH on performance of nano-scale β-Ni(OH)_2

The influence of transformation pH value on the performance of nano-scale Ni(OH)2 was analyzed. The measurement results of XRD and TEM indicate that the samples are composed of β-Ni(OH)2 with crystal size of 20-50 nm, and the crystal lattice parameters of nano-scale Ni(OH)2 prepared at different transformation pH values are different. With the increase of transformation pH value, the agglomeration of nano-scale Ni(OH)2 becomes obvious. Cyclic voltammograms(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) measurement results show that transformation pH value affects the proton diffusion coefficient(D) and charge-transfer resistance(Rct) of the material. The specific capacity is up to 327.8 mA·h/g, and the discharge performance of electrodes depends on both D and Rct, so the kinetic characteristics that electrodes reaction is controlled by both mass-transfer step and charge-transfer step was put forward.

Preparation and characterization of Ni/Co bimetallic nano-clusters

Ni/Co bimetallic nano-cluters have been prepared from the aqueous solution byreducing their corresponding metal salts under suitable conditions. The experimental conditionsincluding the type and concentration of protective agent, feeding order and the pH of the solutionthat influence the average particle size have been studied in detail. Transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) indicates that the shape of those bimetallic nano-cluster particles is spheroid.The alloy structure has been shown by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The X-ray photoelectronspectroscopic (XPS) data have confirmed that the nickel and cobalt in the bimetallic nano-clustersare in the zero-valence state.

Synergistic Effect between Nano-ceramic Lubricating Additives and Electroless Deposited Ni-W-P Coating

The major solving ways for the material wear are surface modification and lubrication. Currently, the researches at home and abroad are all limited to the single study of either nano-lubricating oil additive or electroless deposited coating. The surface coating has high hardness and high wear resistance, however, the friction reduction performance of the coating with high hardness is not good, the thickness of the coating is limited, and the coating can not regenerate after wearing. The nano-lubricating additives have good tribological performance and self-repair function, but under heavy load, the self-repair rate to the worn surface with the nano-additives is smaller than the wearing rate of the friction pair. To solve the above problems, the Ni-W-P alloy coating and deposition process with excellent anti-wear, and suitable for industrial application were developed, the optimum bath composition and process can be obtained by studying the influence of the bath composition, temperature and PH value to the deposition rate and the plating solution stability. The tribological properties as well as anti-wear and friction reduction mechanism of wear self-repair nano-ceramic lubricating additives are also studied. The ring-block abrasion testing machine and energy dispersive spectrometer are used to explore the internal relation between the coating and the nano-lubricating oil additives, and the tribology mechanism, to seek the synergetic effect between the two. The test results show that the wear resistance of Ni-W-P alloy coating （with heat treatment and in oil with nano-ceramic additives） has increased hundreds times than 45 steel as the metal substrate in basic oil, the friction reduction performance is improved. This research breaks through the bottleneck of previous separate research of the above-mentioned two methods, and explores the combination use of the two methods in industrial field.

轧制压下率、路径对NiCoCr合金微观结构和力学性能的影响

通过开展不同轧制压下率和路径的轧制实验,制备了具有不同比例和尺寸的纳米孪晶和纳米晶结构NiCoCr合金。透射电镜表征结果表明,单向轧制压下率50%样品中微观结构特征以纳米孪晶和高密度位错为主。当压下率达到90%,由于剪切带在纳米孪晶片层结构中的开动,孪晶体积分数下降,同时剪切带内形成大量尺寸为35 nm的纳米晶结构。多方向轧制样品中微观结构以纳米晶结构为主,平均尺寸为27 nm,略小于单向轧制压下率90%样品中的纳米晶尺寸。拉伸实验结果表明:相比于轧制前固溶态粗晶合金,单向轧制压下率50%纳米孪晶镍基合金强度大幅提高,合金屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到1312 MPa和1396 MPa。压下率90%轧制样品屈服强度高达1599 MPa,变方向轧制样品屈服强度更是高达1705 MPa。同时拉伸试验数据表明,晶粒细化可以有效地提高材料强度,但是材料的延伸率显著下降。

Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层的制备及性能

以汽车模具配件—导柱常用的20Cr钢为基材,在其表面制备Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层及普通Ni-P镀层。对Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层的微观形貌、晶相结构、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行了测试与分析,并与Ni-P镀层和基材进行了对比。结果表明,Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层的晶粒细小,结构更加致密,显微硬度平均值可达到436.4 HV,高于Ni-P镀层的357.3 HV和基材的190HV;与Ni-P镀层相比,Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层能更有效地改善基材的摩擦磨损性能。NanoAl_2O_3颗粒复合量对Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损质量损失率有一定影响,增加颗粒复合量可以提高复合镀层的显微硬度,改善其摩擦磨损性能。

轧制形变热处理对Cu-Ni-Si系合金性能和微结构的影响

对比了Cu-Ni-Si合金二次固溶态(790℃×120 min)和大变形冷轧(98.42%累积变形量)+二次时效态(420℃×480 min)的强度、硬度、导电率等性能的变化规律,分析了两种不同形变热处理工艺状态下合金的显微组织和断口形貌。结果表明:大变形冷轧+二次时效工艺条件下制备的合金平均晶粒尺寸为4.28μm;析出相主要由Cr3Si与Ni2Si构成,平均尺寸分别为65 nm和11 nm,呈弥散分布,且合金内出现大量纳米孪晶。累积大变形产生的形变强化和弥散分布的纳米级析出相形成的析出强化,以及大量纳米孪晶的形成,是Cu-Ni-Si合金力学性能显著提升的主要因素。大变形冷轧+二次时效处理后的合金导电率、硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度分别为27.2%IACS,HV 231.98,707 MPa,703MPa,较二次固溶态合金分别提升了32.60%,94.67%,204.74%,575.96%。二次固溶态合金断口形貌主要由大而深的韧窝组成,大变形冷轧+二次时效态合金断口形貌主要由小而浅的韧窝组成,数量较多,分布致密。

Ni-P/纳米SiC复合镀层制备及性能研究

以45钢为基体材料,在其表面制备了Ni-P/纳米SiC复合镀层,研究了复合镀层的微观结构及热处理性能。结果表明:Ni-P/纳米SiC复合镀层由细小的胞状物构成,胞状物均匀致密,完全包覆于基体表面,复合镀层表面未见孔洞等缺陷。镀层由Ni、P、Si、C等元素构成,弥散分布Si元素、C元素来自镀层中SiC粒子。热处理后,复合镀层显微硬度、耐腐蚀性优于热处理前的复合镀层。

The Effect and Mechanism of Nano-Cu Lubricating Additives on the Electroless Deposited Ni-W-P Coating

The coating and deposition process with excellent anti wear and suitable for industrial application were developed, and the optimum bath composition and process were obtained by studying the influence of the bath composition, temperature and pH value on the deposition rate and the plating solution stability. Moreover, the tribological properties of nano-Cu lubricating additives and electroless deposited Ni-W-P coating as well as their synergistic effect are researched using ring-block abrasion testing machine and energy dispersive spectrometer. Research results show that Ni-W-P alloy coating and nano-Cu lubricating additive have excellent synergistic effect, e g, the wear resistance of Ni-W-P alloy coating （with heat treatment and the oil with nano-Cu additives） has increased hundreds times than 45 steel as the metal substrate with the basic oil, and zero wear is achieved, which breaks through the bottleneck of previous separate research of the above-mentioned two aspects.

热处理对Ni-Mo-W三元镀层微观组织与力学性能的影响

三元Ni-Mo-W电沉积涂层使用钨酸钠作为钨源,钼酸钠作为钼源制备。对采用钨酸钠浓度为20 g/L、钼酸钠浓度为10 g/L制备的Ni Mo10W20试样分别在300、400、500℃下进行热处理。结果表明,当镀液中钨酸钠浓度逐渐增加时,镀层中钨含量也随之增加,钼含量减少;镀层在500℃下热处理晶粒明显长大。对Ni-Mo-W合金镀层进行X射线衍射(XRD)试验发现,镀层在500℃下结晶状态最好,而W含量对于镀层无明显影响。通过纳米压痕硬度与弹性模量变化曲线可知,随着热处理温度的升高,Ni Mo10W20试样镀层硬度缓慢降低,但在300~400℃的热处理,硬度有所提升;随着镀层中W含量的增加,镀层硬度缓慢增大。因此,Mo与W元素的加入可以增加镍基镀层的热稳定性和高温力学性能。

纳米Ni颗粒增强无铅Sn-Cu-Ag复合钎料搅拌辅助低温钎焊技术

采用搅拌辅助低温(半固态区间)钎焊技术,制备低银无铅钎料和纳米复合钎料钎焊接头。结果表明:240℃时复合钎料的润湿时间较基体的润湿时间缩短了31%,润湿力较基体的提高了3.8%;机械搅拌在破碎树枝晶和加速元素扩散的同时,降低了液相的温度梯度和成分过冷,大大削弱了钎料基体中金属间化合物(IMC)Cu6Sn5的枝晶生长,促使针状Cu6Sn5破碎呈短棒状;在低银无铅钎料中加入纳米Ni颗粒,Ni与Cu6Sn5生成孔洞状化合物(Cux Ni1-x)6Sn5及低温搅拌形成的气孔成为界面原子的扩散通道。搅拌形成的紊流和热流传递加快了原子的溶解与扩散,加速了界面IMC的生长。

CO_2重整CH_4纳米ZrO_2负载Ni催化剂的研究(Ⅱ)──催化剂组成与反应条件对催化剂性能的影响

研究了粒径为 1 5～ 1 8nm的纳米 Zr O2 -AS负载 Ni催化剂对 CO2 重整 CH4制合成气的催化性能 ,结果表明 ,Ni/Zr O2 -AS催化剂对重整反应的超常稳定催化作用不受 Ni含量的影响 ,但当 Ni质量分数低于1 0 %时 ,催化剂活性随 Ni含量增加而显著上升 ,此后 ,CH4和 CO2 的转化逐渐接近其热力学平衡值 .高空速虽然降低了反应物的转化率 ,但可得到更高的时空产率 .各种表征数据揭示 ,Ni/Zr O2 在结构上有别于传统的负载型催化剂 ,可看成是由尺寸相当 ( 1 0～ 2 0 nm)的纳米金属 Ni和纳米 Zr O2 形成的纳米复合物催化剂 .

直流氢电弧蒸发法制备金属纳米Ni粉和Cu粉的研究

采用自行设计的直流氢电弧等离子体蒸发设备,通过正交试验,系统研究了H2/Ar、电流和压力对纳米Ni粉和Cu粉制备产率、结构及粒度的影响。发现:(1)该设备能够制备出纳米级的Ni粉和Cu粉,且产率有了很大的提高,Ni粉最大产率提高了24倍,Cu粉的最大产率提高了203.7倍;(2)各因素对两种粉体制备产率影响的显著性顺序为:φ(H2)/φ(Ar)-电流-压力;对Ni粉平均粒径影响的显著性顺序为:φ(H2)/φ(Ar)-压力-电流;对Cu粉平均粒径影响的显著性顺序则为:压力-φ(H2)/φ(Ar)-电流;(3)所制备的纳米Ni粉和Cu粉为多晶型;Ni粉的平均粒径在20～65nm范围内;Cu粉平均粒径为23～141nm;制备的Ni粉中不含杂质,纯净度很高,但是Cu粉中含有一定量的CuO杂质;(4)设备内腔的冷却环境对控制极大粒度粉体的生成和粉体粒度分布具有重要影响。

稀土Y掺杂非晶态纳米Ni(OH)_2的结构及其电化学性能研究

以Tween-80/n-C4H9OH/c-C6H12/NiSO4水溶液体系,采用微乳液快速冷冻沉淀法制备出稀土Y掺杂非晶态纳米级氢氧化镍粉体材料。采用XRD、SAED、SEM、TEM、EDS、Raman、IR,粒度分析和比表面等测试方法对所制备的粉体进行了结构形态表征,并对其充放电性能和交流阻抗谱进行测试。结果发现,适量稀土元素Y的掺入使非晶态纳米氢氧化镍的结构缺陷增多、无序性增强,平均粒度减小、比表面积增大,有利于降低其溶液电阻、电荷转移电阻和Warburg阻抗,从而提高其放电比容量。样品作为MH-Ni电池正极材料以0.2C充放电,终止电压为1.0V,当掺杂Y的质量分数为4%时,放电比容量达到333.3mAh/g。