A Casimir-Dark Energy Nano Reactor Design—Phase One

A phase one design of a new free energy nano reactor is presented. The design is based on a basically topological interpretation of the Casimir effect as a natural intrinsic property of the geometrical topological structure of the quantum-Cantorian micro spacetime. In particular we view dark energy, Hawking negative energy, Unruh temperature and zero point vacuum energy as being different sides of the same multi-dimensional coin. This new interpretation compliments the earlier conventional interpretation as vacuum fluctuation or as a Schwinger source and links the Casimir energy to the so-called missing dark energy density of the cosmos. We start with a general outline of the theoretical principle and basic design concepts of a proposed Casimir dark energy nano reactor. In a nutshell the theory and consequently the actual design depend crucially upon the equivalence between the dark energy density of the cosmos and the faint local Casimir effect produced by two sides boundary condition quantum waves. This Casimir effect is then colossally amplified as a one internal quantum wave representing a Hartle-Hawking state vector of the universe pushing from the inside against the boundary of the universe with nothing balancing it from the non-existent outside. This strange situation becomes completely natural and logical when we remember that the boundary of the universe is a one sided M&#246bius like manifold. In view of the present theory, this is essentially what leads to the observed accelerated expansion of the cosmos. As in any reactor, the basic principle in the present design is to produce a gradient so that the excess energy on one side flows to the other side. Thus in principle we will restructure the local topology of space using material nanoscience technology to create an artificial local high dimensionality with a Dvoretzky theorem like 96 percent volume measure concentration. Without going into the intricate nonlinear dynamics and technological detail, it is fair to say that this would lead us to pure, clean, free energy obtained directly from the topology of spacetime via an artificial singularity. Needless to say, the entire design is based completely on the theory of quantum wave dark energy proposed by the present author for the first time in 2011 in a conference held in the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt and a little later in Shanghai, Republic of China. The quintessence of the present theory is easily explained as the Φ3 intrinsic Casimir topological energy where Φ=?(√5-1)/2 is produced from the zero set Φ of the quantum particle when we extract the empty set quantum wave Φ2 from it and find Φ-Φ2=Φ3 by restructuring space via conducting but uncharged plates similar to that of the classical Casimir experiments. Our proposed preliminary design of this Casimir-spacetime artificial singularity reactor follows in a natural way from the above.

The Casimir Topological Effect and a Proposal for a Casimir-Dark Energy Nano Reactor

A basically topological interpretation of the Casimir effect is given as a natural intrinsic property of the geometrical topological structure of the quantum-Cantorian micro spacetime. This new interpretation compliments the earlier conventional interpretation as vacuum fluctuation or as a Schwinger source and links the Casimir energy to the so called missing dark energy density of the cosmos. We start with a general outline of the theoretical principle and basic design concepts of a proposed Casimir dark energy nano reactor. In a nutshell the theory and consequently the actual design depends crucially upon the equivalence between the dark energy density of the cosmos and the faint local Casimir effect produced by two sides boundary condition quantum waves. This Casimir effect is then colossally amplified as a one sided quantum wave pushing from the inside on the one sided M?bius-like boundary with nothing balancing it from the non-existent outside. In view of the present theory, this one sided M?bius-like boundary of the holographic boundary of the universe is essentially what leads to the observed accelerated expansion of the cosmos. Thus in principle we will restructure the local topology of space using material nanoscience technology to create an artificial local high dimensionality with a Dvoretzky theorem like volume measure concentration. Needless to say the entire design is based completely on the theory of quantum wave dark energy proposed by the present author. The quintessence of the present theory is easily explained as the intrinsic Casimir topological energy where produced from the zero set of the quantum particle when we extract the empty set quantum wave from it and find by restructuring space via plates similar to that of the classical Casimir experiments but with some modification.

Kerr Black Hole Geometry Leading to Dark Matter and Dark Energy via E-Infinity Theory and the Possibility of a Nano Spacetime Singularities Reactor

The present paper is basically a synthesis resulting from incorporating Kerr spinning black hole geometry into E-infinity topology, then letting the result bares on the vacuum zero point Casimir effect as well as the cosmic dark energy and dark matter density. In E-infinity theory a quantum particle is represented by a Hausdorff dimension Φ where Φ =2/(√5+1) . The quantum wave on the other hand is represented by Φ2 . To be wave and a particle simultaneously intersection theory leads us to?(Φ) (Φ)2= Φ3 which will be shown here to be twice the value of the famous Casimir force of the vacuum for a massless scalar field. Thus in the present work a basically topological interpretation of the Casimir effect is given as a natural intrinsic property of the geometrical topological structure of the quantum-Cantorian micro spacetime. This new interpretation compliments the earlier conventional interpretation as vacuum fluctuation or as a Schwinger source and links the Casimir energy to the so called missing dark energy density of the cosmos. From the view point of the present work Casimir pressure is a local effect acting on the Casimir plates constituting the local boundary condition while dark energy is nothing but the global combined effect of infinitely many quantum waves acting on the M&#246bius-like boundary of the holographic boundary of the entire universe. Since this higher dimensional M&#246bius-like boundary is one sided, there is no outside to balance the internal collective Casimir pressure which then manifests itself as the force behind cosmic expansion, that is to say, dark energy. Thus analogous to the exact irrational value of ordinary energy density of spacetime E(O)=(Φ5/2) mc2 we now have P (Casimir) = (Φ3/2)(ch/d2) where c is the speed of light, m is the mass, h is the Planck constant and d is the plate separation. In addition the new emerging geometry combined with the topology of E-infinity theory leads directly to identifying dark matter with the quasi matter of the ergosphere. As a direct consequence of this new insight E=mc2 which can be written as E = E (O) + E (D)?where the exact rational approximation is E (O)=mc2/22 is?the ordinary energy density of the cosmos and the exact rational approximation E (D)=mc2/(21/22) is the corresponding dark energy which could be subdivided once more albeit truly approximately into E(D)=mc2/(5/22)?+mc2/(16/22)??where 5 is the Kaluza Klein spacetime dimension, 16 are the bosonic extra dimensions of Heterotic superstrings and 5/22 □?22% is approximately the density of the dark matter-like energy of the ergosphere of the Kerr geometry. As for the actual design of our nano reactor, this is closely related to branching clusters of polymer, frequently called lattice animals. In other words we will have Casimir spheres instead of Casimir plates and these spheres will be basically nano particles modelling lattice animals. Here D=?4 will be regarded as spacetime dimensionality while D=6 of percolations are the compactified super string dimensions and D=8 is the dimension of a corresponding super space.

On a Non-Perturbative Quantum Relativity Theory Leading to a Casimir-Dark Energy Nanotech Reactor Proposal

In this paper we outline a non-perturbative quantum relativity theory. Subsequently an actual design of a nanotech energy reactor is based on spacetime vacuum fluctuation of the said quantum relativity theory. Using a compact heap of Fullerene nano particle moduli of a nano matrix device we propose that by maximizing the Casimir forces between these particles as a desirable effect, we can achieve a gradual rather than a sudden implosion pressure. We expect that this will result in a mini holographic universe from which energy can be extracted in a way to constitute a nano energy reactor and function effectively on a hybrid principle somewhere between a Casimir effect and a cold fusion process based on the fusion algebra of a highly structured golden ring quantum field theory. The present theory depends upon many concepts and results, in particular J. Schwinger’s source theory as well as the modern theory of quantum sets, nonlinear dynamics, chaos and chaotic fractals.

微通道反应器制备纳米硫酸钡的工艺研究

利用微通道反应器,以硫酸钠和硫化钡为原料反应并进行纳米硫酸钡粒子制备研究,考察了微通道反应器制备纳米硫酸钡粒子的影响因素,并对产品进行激光粒度检测和TEM测试。结果表明,该法可以制备出平均粒径50~80 nm、分布窄的纳米硫酸钡粒子。

臭氧微纳米气泡-高级氧化耦合工艺深度处理工业废水

工业废水具有水量大、水质复杂、污染物浓度高、毒性强、腐蚀性强及难降解等特点,传统处理技术难以取得良好效果。本研究首次将压力强化臭氧微纳米气泡与高级氧化工艺耦合,构建了新型压力强化臭氧微纳米气泡—高级氧化耦合工艺反应器。从污染物去除率、不同条件下反应器内气泡粒径差异、液体中臭氧浓度、溶解氧浓度及尾气中臭氧浓度等多角度明确了反应器的最优参数为0.3 Mpa的出水压力及0.5 L/min的进气流量,明确了反应器的最佳使用温度范围为15℃至25℃。并从活性自由基的角度阐明了压力强化臭氧微纳米气泡耦合高级氧化工艺去除水中难降解污染物过程中的机制。本研究的研究成果有望为实现控制工业废水处理成本、提高COD去除率和矿化难降解污染物,为臭氧微纳米气泡技术的高效运行及安装优化提供理论依据和技术支持。

Synthesis of Y_2O_3 Nano-Powder from Yttrium Oxalate under Ambient Temperature

High purity Y_2O_3 nano-powders was synthesized directly from solution ofindustrial YCl_3 by method of oxalate precipitation through super-micro-reactors made by complexnon-ionic surfactant. The purity and diameter of Y_2O_3 particles were controlled by such processingparameters as concentration of YCl_3 and oxalic acid and complex non-ionic surfactant etc. TEMphotomicrographs show that Y_2O_3 particles are spherical in shape, with an average diameter of lessthan 30 nm. Test results certify that the purity and particle diameter as well as the dispersion ofY_2O_3 nano-powder depend on the concentrations of YCl_3, oxalic acid and complex non-ionicsurfactant. The optimum ranges of the concentrations for YCl_3 and complex non-ionic surfactant whenthe diameter of Y_2O_3 particles is smaller than 100 nm are 0.43 ～1.4 mol ? L^(-1) and0.031～0.112 mol·L^(-1) respectively, while the mass fraction range of oxalic acid is 10% ～18% .The purity of Y_2O_3 nano-powder tested by ICP-AES analysis is 99.99% .

新型nFT-MPR体系光降解染料废水的综合实验设计

针对废水中有机污染物光催化降解效率低,催化剂需分离,且易流失等问题,采用氨铁双滴法制备了具有异质结和巨大表面积的磁性纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)-TiO_(2)(nFT)复合光催化剂;针对光反应器传质效率低的问题,自制了间隙流磁场光反应器(MPR),构建了nFT-MPR光催化体系。当nFT投量1.5 g/L,流速110 mL/min时,处理初始浓度为50 mg/L的亚甲基蓝(MB)模拟废水,UV辐照60 min,nFT-MPR体系连续5次出水的MB平均去除率为99.2%。该体系操作简单,高效低耗,绿色稳定,无需分离光催化剂,为光催化技术应用在废水中有机污染物的降解中提供了新思路。

纳米碳酸锌的制备和热分解动力学参数的测定

Nanosized zinc carbonate was prepared in the droplet of nano reactor based on microemusion. The influences of the concentration of the surfactant and reactant on the diameter of nanoparticles were studied and the kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition reaction were determined. It can be shown from experimental results, the diameter of the droplet in the microemulsion which have dissolved reactant zinc nitrate and sal volatile is between 4.9nm and 7.7nm, 6.2nm and 12.4nm, respectively. Nanosized zinc carbonate prepared by the method of microemusion has shown good dispersion, narrow distribution and light agglomeration. The particle size of nanosized zinc carbonate is between 5nm and 40nm, and its kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition reaction activation energy E and reaction order n are 110kJ· mol- 1 and 0.9, respectively.

SBA-15介孔分子筛的功能化新应用进展

SBA-15介孔分子筛,具有规则的孔径分布,大的孔径和较厚的孔壁,可以作为载体材料,且在反应中能提供特殊的微环境,因此在催化与纳米材料领域具有非常广阔的应用前景。针对SBA-15的应用现状,本文集中探讨了现阶段SBA-15在介孔碳的合成、色谱填料基体、纳米化学反应器等新兴领域的应用研究进展,并对今后SBA-15的发展以及研究方向进行了展望。

合成脂质的研究进展

系统地综述了近年形成脂质体的合成脂质的研究现状,旨在为进行细胞膜模型、药物转送及纳米器件等相关研究人员提供参考。

旋转填充床新型反应器中合成纳米CaCO_3过程特性研究

利用ｐＨ计及电导率仪跟踪Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２在旋转填充床新型反应器中的碳化过程，并探讨了Ｇ／Ｌ、Ｎ、Ｔ、Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２初始浓度等操作参数对碳化反应过程的影响。结果表明：Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２与ＣＯ２碳化反应生成ＣａＣＯ３过程中，反应前期，过程速率受ＣＯ２吸收传质控制，反应后期受Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２的溶解控制，且吸收传质控制为整个过程的关键步骤；Ｇ／Ｌ、Ｎ、Ｔ、Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２初始浓度等操作参数均影响碳化反应时间、产品粒径及粒径分布；利用旋转填充床新型反应器制备出平均体积当量直径为１５～４０ｎｍ。

微反应器制备纳米硫酸钡研究

采用微反应器技术对硫酸钠和氯化钡为原料制备纳米硫酸钡进行了研究，考察了反应物浓度、流量、反应温度对产品颗粒粒径的影响。实验结果表明，随着反应浓度增加，随着流量增大，随着反应温度的降低，制得的硫酸钡粒子粒径减小。当温度低于60℃时，平均粒径随反应温度的变化缓慢；当反应物浓度为0．9mol／L、流量为10L／h、室温条件下制备硫酸钡颗粒平均粒径为32nm，且粒度分布窄，纳米硫酸钡颗粒的形貌为椭球状。釜式搅拌反应器制得的硫酸钡粒径明显比用微反应器制得的硫酸钡大5～7倍。

纳米锌水解制氢实验

开发一套全新的纳米锌粉水解制备氢气的实验装置,采用旋流反应器同时完成化学反应和气固分离过程,节省分离设备所需投资。研究表明:研磨11h的纳米锌结构具有优异的性能,可使反应在较低温度下迅速完成;反应温度为250℃时,固体颗粒的转化率为89%,固相产物氧化锌与未完全反应的锌形成棒状与片状共存的独特结构;旋流反应器内气流带动颗粒作高速旋转运动,改善质量传递和热量传递过程,加快反应进程,颗粒夹带在气流中,可以简单、连续、可控地进出料,有利于工业化应用。

Span80/Tween80形成的W/O型微乳液体系研究

为筛选一适用于以硝酸为介质进行化学反应制备纳米粒子的微乳液体系,利用相图研究了Span80和Tween80混合表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、油相烷烃、温度对W/O型微乳液的形成及微乳区面积的影响,并利用紫外/可见光吸收光谱考察了65%硝酸对此微乳液体系稳定性的影响,结果表明,m(Span80):m (Tween80)=10:2(记为表面活性剂S)、正己醇为助表面活性剂且m(S):m(正己醇)=2:1、正辛烷为油相、温度为40℃的体系是适和用于纳米微反应器的W/O型微乳液体系,且以65%硝酸代替蒸馏水作为水相,体系仍具有较好的稳定性。

固定化酶纳升微反应器用于痕量蛋白质快速肽谱分析的研究

利用毛细管作为酶固定化的载体 ,将酶直接键合到毛细管内壁 ,制成毛细管纳升反应器 ,结合质谱分析水解产物 ,获得了蛋白质的肽谱 .实验发现 ,以毛细管为反应器后 ,蛋白质肽谱分析所需量大大减少 ,只需 1 0 - 1 3mol,甚至几个 1 0 - 1

定-转子反应器制备纳米碳酸钙

结合定-转子反应器的结构及特点,提出了定-转子反应器制备纳米碳酸钙的新工艺.采用Ca(OH)2-H2O-CO2多相反应体系,考察了气液逆流及并流操作对碳化反应时间的影响.XRD分析结果表明产品为方解石型碳酸钙;通过TEM观测可知,产品为平均粒径50～60nm的立方形纳米碳酸钙.

纳米TiO_2对污水生物脱氮除磷的影响

为研究纳米材料对污水好氧生物处理过程的影响,将一台六联混凝搅拌仪进行重新设计和改造,模拟SBR反应器一个周期的运行,通过短时、高浓度梯度投加纳米TiO2,考察了不同浓度纳米TiO2对反应体系中DO,pH,NH+4—N,NO-3—N,PO3-4—P等指标的影响,同时,采用PCR-DGGE分析手段对群落结构的变化进行了研究.结果表明:在SBR反应器一个运行周期(6h)内,质量浓度分别为0,125,250,500,1 000mg/L的纳米TiO2对体系内DO,pH,NH+4—N的浓度影响不大;当纳米TiO2浓度为2 000 mg/L时,对体系内NO-3—N,PO3-4—P的浓度产生了较大影响.PCR-DGGE结果显示,短时、高浓度梯度投加纳米TiO2对SBR系统中种群多样性无明显影响.

新型连续光催化反应器光催化降解特性的研究

在设计并建立的连续列管式光催化反应器中,以纳米TiO2为催化剂对甲基橙水溶液进行光催化降解性能研究,系统考察了管程数、连接方式、气体流量、液体流量、pH、催化剂用量以及被降解物初始浓度等参数对降解率的影响。最适宜条件:管程为4且采用首尾相互连接方式,液相和气相流速分别为0.5 L/h、3 L/min,pH为4.0。在给定条件下反应器对质量浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙溶液的光催化脱色率达最大值97.7%。

生产球形纳米碳酸钙新型碳化反应器开发研究

已经工业化的纳米碳酸钙生产方法所生产的产品多为立方形和纺锤形,目前还没有生产球形纳米碳酸钙的工业方法。给出了一种生产球形纳米碳酸钙的喷射—乳化新型组合式碳化反应器,并进行了小试和中试实验研究。在小型实验装置上,采用正交试验的方法,确定出粒度分布窄的球形纳米碳酸钙的最佳反应条件为:温度15℃,氢氧化钙浆液质量浓度65 g/L,气液体积比51∶。在完成小试的基础上,建成了年产60 t纳米碳酸钙的中试实验装置,并成功制备出平均粒径80 nm球形纳米碳酸钙。