Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering on Self-assembled Nano Silver Film Prepared by Electrolysis Method

We demonstrate surface enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） detection of self-assembled nano silver film using a low-cost electrolysis strategy at a proper voltage and silver nitrate concentration in electrolyte. The concentration dependence of SERS from crystal violet （CV） molecules adsorbed to silver film was systematically studied. Importantly, the SERS surface enhancement factor of such nano silver film was 603, which was measured by a portable Raman spectrometer. The minimum concentration of detectable CV molecules can be as low as 10^-11 mol/L. The nano silver film prepared by this electrolysis method is an active, stable, cost-effective, and reusable SERS substrate.

Fabrication and Characterization of Nano Silver Powder Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis

Silver powder was fabricated by spray pyrolysis, using 2%-20% AgNO3 solution, 336-500 mL/h flux of AgNO3 solution, 0.28-0.32 MPa flux of carrier gas and in the 620-820 ℃ temperature range. The effects of furnace set temperature, concentration of AgNO3 aqueous solution, flux of AgNO3 aqueous solution as well as carrier gas on the morphology and particle size distribution of silver powder, were investigated. The experimental results showed that with the high concentration of AgNO3 aqueous solution, the average grain size of silver decreased with the increasing of furnace set temperature. But the gain size distribution was not homogenous, the discontinuous grain growth occurred. With the low concentration of AgNO3 aqueous solution, the higher furnace set temperature made the nano sliver grains sintered together to grow. Nano silver powder about 100 nm was fabricated by spray pyrolysis, using 2wt% AgNO3 solutions, 336 mL/h flux of AgNO3 aqueous solution, 0.32 MPa flux of carrier gas at 720 ℃ furnace set temperature.

Long-term Antibacterial Properties and Bond Strength of Experimental Nano Silver-containing Orthodontic Cements

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long time antibacterial properties and shear bond strength of experimental nano silver-containing cements （NSC）. Nano silver base inorganic antibacterial powder was added to the reinforced glass ionomer cement at five different weight ratios to obtain a series of nano silver-containing cements, then the antibacterial properties of three orthodontic cement products and five NSC samples were evaluated by the direct contact test （DCT） and the agar diffusion test （ADT）. The DCT, which was based on turbidness determination of bacterial growth in 96-well microtiter plates, was performed in both fresh and aged for 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks tested materials. The shear bond strengthes of three orthodontic cement products and five NSC samples were examined using a universal testing machine. The ADT results indicated that there were no significant differences between NSCs and ORTHO LC fresh specimens. In the DCT experiment, all fresh silver nanoparticles-containing tested samples presented powerful antibacterial properties, but they gradually lost the effective antimicrobial agents with the extension of aging time. Finally, none of the tested materials maintained its antibacterial property after aging for 8 weeks. A gradually decreasing trend of bond strength presented with the increasing incorporation of nano silver base inorganic antibacterial powder into the glass ionomer cement, even though all the tested material specimens reached the ideal bond strength range. We may conclude that NSCs can contribute to decrease the demineralization rate around brackets without compromising bond strength.

Antibacterial Properties of Nano Silver-containing Orthodontic Cements in the Rat Caries Disease Model

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of experimental nano silver-containing cements（NSCs） using rat caries disease model. Nano silver base inorganic antibacterial powder was added to the reinforced glass ionomer cement at three different weight ratios to obtain a series of nano silver-containing cements, then two orthodontic cement products and three NSC samples were implanted into rat caries disease model, and their antibacterial properties were evaluated by the scanning electron microscope（SEM）. Moreover, the rat caries disease model were established by inoculating cariogenic bacteria S mutans into antibiotics treated rat mouths and feeding with cariogenic diet. The tested materials were bonded on the surface of the buccal half crowns of the upper fi rst premolar, and then fi xed under the rats＇ front teeth lingual side to acquire enough retention. The SEM results indicated that the growth of streptococcus mutans was very active in group of Transbond XT. One month later, S mutans scattered on the GC Fuji ORTHO LC surface, and then the number signifi cantly increased and arranged in chains after three months. In groups of NSC2, NSC3 and NSC4, the number of S mutans presented the downward trend and tended to disperse individually with the increase of silver nanoparticle content. We may conclude that the incorporation of silver nanoparticle enhanced GC Fuji ORTHO LC the adhesion restrain and killing effect to S mutans.

Preparation of Nano Silver/Silk Fibroin Composite Films

In this study, the outstanding biocompatibility of silk fibroin （SF） and the highly efficient anti-bacterial effect of nano silver （NS） were utilized to prepare SF/NS composite film with anti- bacterial property. The structure and property of the film were characterized. The results showed that the structure of SF in the film was mainly silk I. SF in the film was almost insoluble in water. The tensile strength of film with NS was significantly lower than that of films without NS. When the addition of NS was within the range of 0%-0.6%, the elongation at break had no significant difference. The antibacterial rate of the film on staphylococcus aurens and escherichia coil increased with the amount of NS. The minimum amount of NS in the fdm was O. 1% and the maximum amount was 0.5%.

Halloysite nanotubes loaded with nano silver for the sustained-release of antibacterial polymer nanocomposite scaffolds

It is challenging for antibacterial polymer scaffolds to achieve the drug sustained-release through directly coating or blending.In this work,halloysite nanotubes(HNTs),a natural aluminosilicate nanotube,were utilized as a nano container to load nano silver(Ag)into the lumen through vacuum negativepressure suction&injection and thermal decomposition of silver acetate.Then,the nano Ag loaded HNTs(HNTs@Ag)were introduced to poly-l-lactic acidide)(PLLA)scaffolds prepared by additive manufacturing for the sustained-release of Ag^+.Acting like a’shield’,the tube walls of HNTs not only retarded the erosion of external aqueous solution on internal nano Ag to generate Ag^+but also postponed the generated Ag^+to diffuse outward.The results indicated the PLLA-HNTs@Ag nanocomposite scaffolds achieved a sustained-release of Ag^+over 28 days without obvious initial burst release.Moreover,the scaffolds exhibited a long-lasting antibacterial property without compromising the cytocompatibility.Besides,the degradation properties,biomineralization ability and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were increased.This study suggests the potential application of inorganic nanotubes as drug carrier for the sustained-release of functional polymer nanocomposite scaffolds.

Effect of nano-silver on microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of cast 6061 aluminum alloy

Al6061matrix with different amounts of nano-silver(1%and2%)was produced by stir-casting method.Producedsamples were characterized by hardness,tensile,compression and wear tests.The hardness of the specimens at room temperature wasmeasured by Brinnell hardness testing machine.The magnitude of hardness increased evidently with the function of the mass fractionof the nano-Ag particle.The polished specimens were examined with an optical microscope.The fracture surfaces of tensile andcompressive specimens were further examined by scanning electron microscopy.Wear mechanisms were discussed based on thescanning electron microscopy observations of worn surface and wear debris morphology.There is an increase in compressivestrength,ultimate tensile strength,elongation and wear resistance of the Al?Ag composites compared with base alloy.The executionof stir-casting technique is relatively homogenous and fine microstructure which improves the addition of reinforcement material inthe molten metal.The results show that Al6061?nano-silver which is the best combination of hardness can replace the conventionalmaterial for better performance and longer life.

Decoration of activated carbon nanotubes by assembling nano-silver

A facile solution processed strategy of synthesizing nano silver assembled on carbon nanotubes （CNTs） at room temperature was put forward. Activated carbon nanotubes were used as precursors for preparing silver-decorated nanotubes. The nature of the decorated nanotubes was studied using transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）. The inert surfaces of carbon nanotubes were activated by introducing catalytic nuclei via an oxidation-sensitization-activation approach. Activated carbon nanotubes catalyzed the metal deposition specifically onto their surfaces upon immersion in electroless plating baths. The method produced nanotubes decorated with silver. The extent of silver decoration was found to be dependent on fabrication conditions. Dense nano silver assembled on nanotube surfaces could be obtained by keeping a low reaction rate in the solution phase. The results here show that this method is an efficient and simple means of achieving carbon nanotubes being assembled by nano metal.

Synthesis of morphology-controlled silver nanostructures by electrodeposition

Nanostructured silver was obtained by potentiostatic electrolysis.The effects of ionized surfactant(sodium dodecanesulphonate)and the substrate(Cu and Ti)on the morphology of depositions were investigated.It is found that morphologies of silver nanostructures can be simply controlled via change of the substrate.Spherical Ag nanoparticles with narrow size distribution were obtained by electrodeposition in Ag NO3-SDS aqueous solution on copper substrate.In the case of titanium substrate,silver dendrite structures were obtained.Despite of different morphologies,XRD and TEM results showed that the as-prepared samples belong to face-centered cubic silver structure with good crystallinity.The formation mechanism of different silver nanostructures was discussed.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: A Review

The bio-molecules from various plant components and microbial species have been used as potential agents for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In spite of a wide range of bio-molecules assisting in the process, synthesizing stable and widely applicable AgNPs by many researchers still poses a considerable challenge to the researchers. The biological agents for synthesizing AgNPs cover compounds produced naturally in microbes and plants. More than 100 different biological sources for synthesizing AgNPs are reported in the past decade by various authors. Reaction parameters under which the AgNPs were being synthesized hold prominent impact on their size, shape and application. Available published information on AgNPs synthesis, effects of various parameters, characterization techniques, properties and their application are summarised and critically discussed in this review.

Antibacterial and Preservation Effects of Silver-doped TiO_2 Nanoparticles on Nanfeng Citrus

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and preservation effects of silver-doped nano-TiO2 on Nanfeng citrus. [Method] Silverdoped nano-TiO2 preservative film was prepared, to investigate its preservation effects on Nanfeng citrus ripe fruits under novel preservation conditions and detect the influences of nano-composite coating on physiological quality indicators of Nanfeng citrus ripe fruits. [ Result ] Compared with the control, applying nano-compesite coating preservation technology could prevent fruit corruption and water loss and delay the rapid reductioh in contents of citric acid and Vc, without adverse influences on fruit quality. [ Conclusion] Silver-doped nano-TiO2 composite coating can be promoted and applied in frozen storage and preservation practices of Nanfeng citrus.

Preparation of silver nanoparticle via active template under ultrasonic

A novel method was described for the production of silver nanoparticle by using nano-carbon as active template.Special ultrasonic condition was used to assure the active effect of the template and achieve an even and stable micro-reactor system,therefore yield uniform silver nanoparticle without obvious agglomeration.By laser granularity instrument measurement,the silver nanoparticles show a mean diameter of 20.4 nm and narrow distribution between 18.7 nm and 23.0 nm according to the optimum technology.Regular spherical morphology can be observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that Ag+ is deoxidized to form metal Ag during producing precursor,subsequent calcinations promote phase transformation from nonholonomic crystal to complete cubic crystal,which is consistent with the standard JCPDS card of silver.The results reveal that the nano-carbon in active template system not only exerts micro-reactor and steric stabilization effect,but also acts as reducing agent during the reaction.

Characterization and Synthesis Mechanism of Nanosilver/PAMPS Composites by Microwave

Nanosilver/Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate sodium (AMPS)) composites were synthesized with sliver nitrate solution containing AMPS monomer in situ by microwave radiation without addition of any reducer. The composites were characterized by means of UV-Vis, XRD, FTIR, TEM and XPS respectively. The results show that silver nanoparticles are dispersed highly and homogeneously in PAMPS matrix and possessed face-centered cubic structure. The morphology of nanosilver particles is not affected by microwave treatment and AMPS polymerization. XPS analysis reveals that there is an interaction among silver nanoparticles with nitrogen atoms and carbonyl oxygen atoms from AMPS polymer. Thermoanalysis proves that thermal stability of the PAMPS nanocomposites is decreasing with silver nanoparticles dispersed in the composites. The mechanism of silver ion reduced to nanosilver particles catalysized by PAMPS under microwave is discussed.

Electrical properties of nano-silver/polyacrylamide/ethylene vinyl acetate composite

Nano-Ag particles/polyacrylamide （PAM） composites were synthesized by γ irradiation method and then blended with ethylene vinyl acetate （EVA）. Dielectric behaviors of the Ag/PAM/EVA composites are investigated as a function of both the concentration and size of Ag particles. When concentration of the Ag fillers is rarely low, dielectric anomalies were first observed in contrast to the traditional percolation theory. As concentration of Ag increases, volume resistivity and breakdown field strength are enhanced, loss tangent （tan δ） reduced and dielectric constant kept invariable. In addition, the above variation became larger when the diameter of the Ag nano-particles is smaller. Such dielectric anomalies may be understood by considering the unique ＂Coulomb Blockade Effect＂ of the nano-sized Ag particles.

Preparation of UV-curable Nano-silver Antimicrobial Agent and Its Application in Non-woven Fabric

Nano-silver and waterborne polyurethane(WPU)composite emulsion was synthesized.The average diameter of silver nanoparticles(SNPs)was about 20 nm,and the average diameter of WPU was 101.32 nm.The anti-bacteria finishing of a polypropylene non-woven fabric(NWF)was carried out by ultraviolet finishing technology and the double dipping twin-roll method.The standard AATCC100 was used to test the antimicrobial activity of the samples.The results showed that the antimicrobial rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were above 90%,which indicated that the NWF finishing had good antimicrobial activity.In addition,the thermal stability,mechanical properties,whiteness and contact angle of antimicrobial finishing nonwovens were characterized.The results showed that the performance of antimicrobial nonwovens was stable at 300℃.The breaking strength was better than that of untreated nonwovens,and the contact angle reached 119.1°.

Impact of Sulfidation of Silver Nanoparticles on Established<i>P. aeruginosa Biofilm</i>

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), one of the most common types of nanomaterials in medical fields and consumer products, are known to have antimicrobial effects;these materials also undergo a series of chemical and biological transformations in the environment. Although the pristine form of silver nanoparticles has been studied, less is known about the impacts of the transformed Ag-NPs on biological systems. This knowledge gap hinders the progress of effectively assessing the impacts of Ag-NPs on the environment and human health. In this study, we demonstrate that the most common form of transformed Ag-NPs, sulfidized silver nano-particles (Ag2S-NPs), show less damage on established Pseudomonas aeruginosa GFP (ATCC? 10145 GFP?) biofilm than the pristine form of the nanoparticle. At a dosage of 0.625 mg/L, the total biomass in the biofilm decreased 64% after being exposed to Ag-NPs and 44% after exposure to Ag2S-NPs. Live biofilms were also interrogated. We observed high reduction in live population for biofilm exposed to Ag-NPs and relatively low reduction by Ag2S-NPs at exposure concentrations higher than 0.625 mg/L. Compared with Ag-NPs, the lower solubility of Ag2S-NPs results in less Ag+ diffusion into established biofilms. Our results suggest that the sulfidation of Ag-NPs reduces their impacts on established biofilms, indicating that the transformed Ag-NPs may have less environmental or human health risks.

Temperature Dependent Surface Resistivity Measures of Commercial, Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), and Silver Nano-Particle Doped Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Films

Pure and doped Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) films, for the detection of infrared radiation, have been well documented using the mechanism of pyroelectricity. Alternatively, the electrical properties of films made from Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) have received considerable attention in recent years. The investigation of surface resistivities of both such films, to this point, has received far less consideration in comparison to pyroelectric effects. In this research, we report temperature dependent surface resistivity measurements of commercial, and of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), or Ag-nanoparticle doped PVA films. Without any variation in the temperature range from 22°C to 40°C with controlled humidity, we found that the surface resistivity decreases initially, reaches a minimum, but rises steadily as the temperature continues to increase. This research was conducted with the combined instrumentation of the Keithley Model 6517 Electrometer and Keithley Model 8009 resistivity test fixture using both commercial and in-house produced organic thin films. With the objective to quantify the suitability of PVDF and PVA films as IR detector materials, when using the surface resistivity phenomenon, instead of or in addition to the pyroelectricity, surface resistivity measurements are reported when considering bolometry. We found that the surface resistivity measurements on PVA films were readily implemented.

PVA-甜玉米芯多糖纳米银复合薄膜的制备及草莓保鲜应用

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和可溶性淀粉为成膜基质、甘油为增塑剂、甜玉米芯多糖(SCP)为原料制备的纳米银(AgNPs)为填料,通过流延成膜法制备了复合薄膜PVA-AgNPs。以抗拉伸强度为指标,通过单因素实验和响应面实验探究了PVA-AgNPs的最佳制备工艺,采用FTIR、SEM对PVA-AgNPs进行了表征,对其性能进行了测试,评价了PVA-AgNPs在草莓保鲜中的应用。结果表明,PVA、可溶性淀粉、甘油和AgNPs用量分别为2.3 g、2.0 g、4.0 mL和4.0 mg时制备的PVA-AgNPs具有最高抗拉伸强度〔(14.08±0.58)MPa〕和断裂伸长率(223.10%±5.29%),其水接触角(50.04°±0.03°)高于PVA薄膜(25.72°±0.69°),其在水中的溶解率(61.87%±0.17%)低于PVA薄膜(69.44%±0.16%),PVA-AgNPs的水蒸气透过率(2.0%~2.5%)比PVA薄膜(0.8%~2.3%)更稳定,其在室温土壤中30 d的降解率为44.67%±2.51%。用PVA-AgNPs包覆草莓,降低了草莓的失重率、腐败率,减少了草莓硬度、可溶性固形物含量与VC含量的损失,稳定了草莓的pH。PVA-AgNPs表面粗糙,有轻微的褶皱,内部存在部分孔隙和裂纹;AgNPs通过覆盖PVA表面亲水性基团增强了复合薄膜疏水性,通过改变水蒸气透过的通路,降低了PVA-AgNPs在水中的溶解率,通过对可见光的吸收,加深了复合薄膜的颜色,降低了其透光率;AgNPs的添加改善了PVA-AgNPs对可见光、水与氧气的阻隔性,实现了对草莓的保鲜。

Simulation and analysis of phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor based on enhanced optical transmission through arrays of nanoholes in silver films

A high spatial resolution, phase-sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance(SPR) sensor based on Extraordinary Optical Transmission(EOT) is proposed to monitor the binding of organic and biological molecules to the silver surface. The 2D nanohole-array configuration is well suited for dense integration in a sensor chip. The optical geometry is collinear, which simplifies the alignment with respect to the traditional Kretschmann arrangement for SPR sensing. Various design parameters of the device have been studied by simulation. The heterodyne technique is used to improve the sensitivity. The optimization results indicate that the sensor has the advantages of achieving high resolution and a wide dynamic range simultaneously.

Trace Level Gas Sensing Characteristics of Nano-Crystalline Silver Decamolybdate

A soft-chemical method has been developed for the synthesis of nano-crystalline powders of silver decamolybdate. Gas sensing characteristics of this composition both in porous pellet and thin film configurations were investigated. The compound Ag6Mo10O33 was found to sense selectively ammonia at 503 K. Above 503 K it has significant cross sensitivity to petroleum gas (PG). Spin coated thin films exhibited selective sensing towards PG.