Bismuth-doped tin dioxide nanometer powders were prepared by co-precipitation method using SnCl4 and Bi（NO3）3 as raw materials. The effects of calcining temperature and doping ratio on the particle size, composition...Bismuth-doped tin dioxide nanometer powders were prepared by co-precipitation method using SnCl4 and Bi（NO3）3 as raw materials. The effects of calcining temperature and doping ratio on the particle size, composition, spectrum selectivity of bismuth-doped tin dioxide and the phase transition of Bi-Sn precursor at different temperatures were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visual-near infrared diffuse reflection spectrum and the thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that prepared bismuth-doped tin dioxide powders have excellent characteristics with a single-phase tetragonal structure, good dispersibility, good absorbency for ultraviolet ray and average particle size less than 10 nm. The optimum conditions for preparing bismuth-doped tin dioxide nanometer powders are as follows: calcining temperature of 600℃, ratio of bismuth-doped in a range of 0.10-0.30, and Bi-Sn precursor being dispersed by ultrasonic wave and refluxed azeotropic and distillated with mixture of n-butanol and benzene. The mechanism of phase transition of Bi-Sn precursor is that Bi 3+ enters Sn-vacancy and then forms Sn—O—Bi bond.展开更多
Nanostructured tin dioxide （SnO2） powders were prepared by a sol-gel dialytic process and and the doping of CuO on it was completed by a deposition-precipitation method.The thick film sensors were fabricated from th...Nanostructured tin dioxide （SnO2） powders were prepared by a sol-gel dialytic process and and the doping of CuO on it was completed by a deposition-precipitation method.The thick film sensors were fabricated from the CuO/SnO2 polycrystalline powders.Sensing behavior of the sensor was investigated with various gases including CO,H2,NH3,hexane,acetone,ethanol,methanol and H2S in air.The as-synthesized gas sensor had much better response to H2S than to other gases.At the same time,the CuO/SnO2 sensor had enough sensitivity,together with fast response and recovery,to distinguish H2S from those gases at 160 and 210 ℃.Therefore,it might have promising applications in the future.展开更多
Inverted perovskite solar cells(IPSCs) have attracted tremendous research interest in recent years due to their applications in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, further performance improvements and long...Inverted perovskite solar cells(IPSCs) have attracted tremendous research interest in recent years due to their applications in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, further performance improvements and long-term stability issues are the main obstacles that deeply hinder the development of devices. Herein, we demonstrate a facile atomic layer deposition(ALD) processed tin dioxide(SnO2) as an additional buffer layer for efficient and stable wide-bandgap IPSCs. The additional buffer layer increases the shunt resistance and reduces the reverse current saturation density, resulting in the enhancement of efficiency from 19.23% to 21.13%. The target device with a bandgap of 1.63 eV obtains open-circuit voltage of 1.19 V, short circuit current density of 21.86 mA/cm^(2), and fill factor of 81.07%. More importantly, the compact and stable SnO_(2) film invests the IPSCs with superhydrophobicity, thus significantly enhancing the moisture resistance. Eventually, the target device can maintain 90% of its initial efficiency after 600 h storage in ambient conditions with relative humidity of 20%–40% without encapsulation. The ALD-processed SnO_(2) provides a promising way to boost the efficiency and stability of IPSCs, and a great potential for perovskite-based tandem solar cells in the near future.展开更多
Antimony-doped tin dioxide(ATO) nanoparticles with primary diameter in the range of 9-10 nm were rapidly synthesized via a novel combustion technique,starting with antimony trichloride and tin tetrachloride as metal s...Antimony-doped tin dioxide(ATO) nanoparticles with primary diameter in the range of 9-10 nm were rapidly synthesized via a novel combustion technique,starting with antimony trichloride and tin tetrachloride as metal sources and self-assembly compounds as fuels. The combustion phenomena and characteristics of products were controlled by assembling components in fuel compounds according to appropriate molar ratio. The as-synthesized products were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM and XPS,respectively. The electrical conductivity was evaluated through measuring the antistatic property of polyester fiber treated by the as-synthesized products. The results show that a mild combustion phenomena without release of smoke can be taken on and perfect azury rutile ATO crystal with complete substitution can be formed rapidly under the appropriate synthetic conditions. The antistatic property of the polyester fiber treated by the as-synthesized ATO products is enhanced remarkably. The triboelectricity voltage below 1.0 kV,half life below 1.0 s and surface resistance below 1.0×106 -can be attained.展开更多
Bismuth-doped tin dioxide （BTO） nanometer powders were prepared by the wet chemical method using tin tetrachloride （SnCl4）, bismuth nitrate [Bi（NO3） 3 ] and ammonia as raw materials. Non-bridge hydroxides and ca...Bismuth-doped tin dioxide （BTO） nanometer powders were prepared by the wet chemical method using tin tetrachloride （SnCl4）, bismuth nitrate [Bi（NO3） 3 ] and ammonia as raw materials. Non-bridge hydroxides and capillary force between particles were found to be key factors causing hard aggregation of BTO through analyzing the formation mechanism of hard aggregation. The hard aggregation of BTO was eliminated effectively when the Bi-Sn precursor （BSP） was treated with post processing including dispersing with ultrasonic wave, refluxing and distilling with addition of n-butanol and benzene （DRD） and drying by microwave. Characterized with X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, BTO spherical particles with tetragonal phase structure are well crystallized, dispersed easily and the average size was less than 10 nm.展开更多
Nanosized SnO 2 powders were prepared by sol gel process using inorganic salt as a precursor. The tin oxide powders obtained at different calcinating temperatures (300700 ℃) were investigated by means of X ray diffra...Nanosized SnO 2 powders were prepared by sol gel process using inorganic salt as a precursor. The tin oxide powders obtained at different calcinating temperatures (300700 ℃) were investigated by means of X ray diffraction(XRD), infrared spectrum (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well. The results indicate that well crystallized nanosized SnO 2 powders with a structure of rutile and uniform size about 10 nm can be obtained when the calcinating is carried out at 550 ℃ for 3 h using the method. The electrochemical properties of nanosized SnO 2 powders as anode material for lithium ion batteries were also studied in detail. The results show that nanosized SnO 2 is a candidate of anode material for lithium ion batteries with reversible capacity more than 372 mA·h/g after ten cycles and low voltage for Li + intercalation and de intercalation.展开更多
Preparation of large mesoporous tin dioxide (lm-SnO_2) under various conditions was attempted by utilizing a self-assembly of a triblock copolymer,P123:(EO)_(20)(PO)_(70)(EO)_(20) or F127:(EO)_(106)(PO)_(70)(EO)_(106)...Preparation of large mesoporous tin dioxide (lm-SnO_2) under various conditions was attempted by utilizing a self-assembly of a triblock copolymer,P123:(EO)_(20)(PO)_(70)(EO)_(20) or F127:(EO)_(106)(PO)_(70)(EO)_(106)(EO:ethylene oxide and PO: propylene oxide).The sensor fabricated from calcined lm-SnO_2 powder,which had been prepared by using P123 as a template,Na_2SnO_3 as a tin source,and TEOS as an additive ([TEOS]/[Na_2SnO_3]=0.5 in the precursor solution),showed the largest response to 1×10^(-3) hydrogen at 350℃among the sensors tested.The existence of two kinds of SnO_2 particles with different sizes (ca.100 nm and several nm in diameter) may be important to improve the hydrogen sensing properties drastically.展开更多
The 0.8 Me V copper （ Cu） ion beam irradiation-induced effects on structural, morphological and optical properties of tin dioxide nanowires （Sn02 NWs） are investigated. The samples are irradiated at three differen...The 0.8 Me V copper （ Cu） ion beam irradiation-induced effects on structural, morphological and optical properties of tin dioxide nanowires （Sn02 NWs） are investigated. The samples are irradiated at three different doses 5 × 10^12 ions/cm2, 1 ×10^13 ions/cm2 and 5 × 10^13 ions/em2 at room temperature. The XRD analysis shows that the tetragonal phase of Sn02 NWs remains stable after Cu ion irradiation, but with increasing irradiation dose level the crystal size increases due to ion beam induced coalescence of NWs. The FTIR spectra of pristine Sn02 NWs exhibit the chemical composition of SnO2 while the Cn-O bond is also observed in the FTIR spectra after Cu ion beam irradiation. The presence of Cu impurity in SnO2 is further confirmed by calculating the stopping range of Cu ions by using TRM/SRIM code. Optical properties of SnO2 NWs are studied before and after Cu ion irradiation. Band gap analysis reveMs that the band gap of irradiated samples is found to decrease compared with the pristine sample. Therefore, ion beam irradiation is a promising technology for nanoengineering and band gap tailoring.展开更多
通过扩大H型反应器,利用面积超过100 cm 2的铟金属片和锡金属片电极电催化还原二氧化碳制甲酸。从二氧化碳还原反应产物的选择性、电解能力等方面进行了研究,得到了大尺寸金属电极反应器电催化制甲酸的优化方法。结果表明,进气流量40 mL...通过扩大H型反应器,利用面积超过100 cm 2的铟金属片和锡金属片电极电催化还原二氧化碳制甲酸。从二氧化碳还原反应产物的选择性、电解能力等方面进行了研究,得到了大尺寸金属电极反应器电催化制甲酸的优化方法。结果表明,进气流量40 mL/min和电流密度-3.0~-4.5 mA/cm^(2)区间及中性电解质为反应的最佳条件。展开更多
Nanocrystalline tin oxide samples were prepared by using Sn2 （NH4 ）2 （C2O4）3 as the precursor. The thermal decompositions were respectively conducted at 250,450 and 650 ℃. TG-DTA, XRD, TEM, FTIR were used to char...Nanocrystalline tin oxide samples were prepared by using Sn2 （NH4 ）2 （C2O4）3 as the precursor. The thermal decompositions were respectively conducted at 250,450 and 650 ℃. TG-DTA, XRD, TEM, FTIR were used to characterize the samples. The indirect heating sensors by using these materials as sensitive bodies were fabricated on an alumina tube with Au electrodes and platinum wires. Sensing properties of these sensors were investigated. It was found that the tin oxide sample obtained by thermal decomposition at 450 ℃ has a higher sensitivity to C2H5OH and a higher selectivity to hexane and ammonia than those obtained via the conventional precipitate method and the working temperatures needed were greatly decreased.展开更多
基金Project(GC200603) supported by the Open Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Chemicals projectsupported by the Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education of China
文摘Bismuth-doped tin dioxide nanometer powders were prepared by co-precipitation method using SnCl4 and Bi（NO3）3 as raw materials. The effects of calcining temperature and doping ratio on the particle size, composition, spectrum selectivity of bismuth-doped tin dioxide and the phase transition of Bi-Sn precursor at different temperatures were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visual-near infrared diffuse reflection spectrum and the thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that prepared bismuth-doped tin dioxide powders have excellent characteristics with a single-phase tetragonal structure, good dispersibility, good absorbency for ultraviolet ray and average particle size less than 10 nm. The optimum conditions for preparing bismuth-doped tin dioxide nanometer powders are as follows: calcining temperature of 600℃, ratio of bismuth-doped in a range of 0.10-0.30, and Bi-Sn precursor being dispersed by ultrasonic wave and refluxed azeotropic and distillated with mixture of n-butanol and benzene. The mechanism of phase transition of Bi-Sn precursor is that Bi 3+ enters Sn-vacancy and then forms Sn—O—Bi bond.
文摘Nanostructured tin dioxide （SnO2） powders were prepared by a sol-gel dialytic process and and the doping of CuO on it was completed by a deposition-precipitation method.The thick film sensors were fabricated from the CuO/SnO2 polycrystalline powders.Sensing behavior of the sensor was investigated with various gases including CO,H2,NH3,hexane,acetone,ethanol,methanol and H2S in air.The as-synthesized gas sensor had much better response to H2S than to other gases.At the same time,the CuO/SnO2 sensor had enough sensitivity,together with fast response and recovery,to distinguish H2S from those gases at 160 and 210 ℃.Therefore,it might have promising applications in the future.
基金the supports from National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB1500103)the Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation of Higher Education of China(Grant No.B16027)+3 种基金Tianjin Science and Technology Project(Grant No.18ZXJMTG00220)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University(Grant Nos.63191736,ZB19500204)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.20JCQNJC02070)China Postdoctoral Scie nce Foundation(No.2020T130317)。
文摘Inverted perovskite solar cells(IPSCs) have attracted tremendous research interest in recent years due to their applications in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, further performance improvements and long-term stability issues are the main obstacles that deeply hinder the development of devices. Herein, we demonstrate a facile atomic layer deposition(ALD) processed tin dioxide(SnO2) as an additional buffer layer for efficient and stable wide-bandgap IPSCs. The additional buffer layer increases the shunt resistance and reduces the reverse current saturation density, resulting in the enhancement of efficiency from 19.23% to 21.13%. The target device with a bandgap of 1.63 eV obtains open-circuit voltage of 1.19 V, short circuit current density of 21.86 mA/cm^(2), and fill factor of 81.07%. More importantly, the compact and stable SnO_(2) film invests the IPSCs with superhydrophobicity, thus significantly enhancing the moisture resistance. Eventually, the target device can maintain 90% of its initial efficiency after 600 h storage in ambient conditions with relative humidity of 20%–40% without encapsulation. The ALD-processed SnO_(2) provides a promising way to boost the efficiency and stability of IPSCs, and a great potential for perovskite-based tandem solar cells in the near future.
基金Project(08KJD430006) supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province University
文摘Antimony-doped tin dioxide(ATO) nanoparticles with primary diameter in the range of 9-10 nm were rapidly synthesized via a novel combustion technique,starting with antimony trichloride and tin tetrachloride as metal sources and self-assembly compounds as fuels. The combustion phenomena and characteristics of products were controlled by assembling components in fuel compounds according to appropriate molar ratio. The as-synthesized products were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM and XPS,respectively. The electrical conductivity was evaluated through measuring the antistatic property of polyester fiber treated by the as-synthesized products. The results show that a mild combustion phenomena without release of smoke can be taken on and perfect azury rutile ATO crystal with complete substitution can be formed rapidly under the appropriate synthetic conditions. The antistatic property of the polyester fiber treated by the as-synthesized ATO products is enhanced remarkably. The triboelectricity voltage below 1.0 kV,half life below 1.0 s and surface resistance below 1.0×106 -can be attained.
文摘Bismuth-doped tin dioxide （BTO） nanometer powders were prepared by the wet chemical method using tin tetrachloride （SnCl4）, bismuth nitrate [Bi（NO3） 3 ] and ammonia as raw materials. Non-bridge hydroxides and capillary force between particles were found to be key factors causing hard aggregation of BTO through analyzing the formation mechanism of hard aggregation. The hard aggregation of BTO was eliminated effectively when the Bi-Sn precursor （BSP） was treated with post processing including dispersing with ultrasonic wave, refluxing and distilling with addition of n-butanol and benzene （DRD） and drying by microwave. Characterized with X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, BTO spherical particles with tetragonal phase structure are well crystallized, dispersed easily and the average size was less than 10 nm.
文摘Nanosized SnO 2 powders were prepared by sol gel process using inorganic salt as a precursor. The tin oxide powders obtained at different calcinating temperatures (300700 ℃) were investigated by means of X ray diffraction(XRD), infrared spectrum (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well. The results indicate that well crystallized nanosized SnO 2 powders with a structure of rutile and uniform size about 10 nm can be obtained when the calcinating is carried out at 550 ℃ for 3 h using the method. The electrochemical properties of nanosized SnO 2 powders as anode material for lithium ion batteries were also studied in detail. The results show that nanosized SnO 2 is a candidate of anode material for lithium ion batteries with reversible capacity more than 372 mA·h/g after ten cycles and low voltage for Li + intercalation and de intercalation.
文摘Preparation of large mesoporous tin dioxide (lm-SnO_2) under various conditions was attempted by utilizing a self-assembly of a triblock copolymer,P123:(EO)_(20)(PO)_(70)(EO)_(20) or F127:(EO)_(106)(PO)_(70)(EO)_(106)(EO:ethylene oxide and PO: propylene oxide).The sensor fabricated from calcined lm-SnO_2 powder,which had been prepared by using P123 as a template,Na_2SnO_3 as a tin source,and TEOS as an additive ([TEOS]/[Na_2SnO_3]=0.5 in the precursor solution),showed the largest response to 1×10^(-3) hydrogen at 350℃among the sensors tested.The existence of two kinds of SnO_2 particles with different sizes (ca.100 nm and several nm in diameter) may be important to improve the hydrogen sensing properties drastically.
基金Supported by the Department of Physics,the University of AJKHigh Tech.Centralized Instrumentation Lab,the University of AJK,Pakistanthe Experimental Physics Division,and the National Center for Physics,Islamabad Pakistan
文摘The 0.8 Me V copper （ Cu） ion beam irradiation-induced effects on structural, morphological and optical properties of tin dioxide nanowires （Sn02 NWs） are investigated. The samples are irradiated at three different doses 5 × 10^12 ions/cm2, 1 ×10^13 ions/cm2 and 5 × 10^13 ions/em2 at room temperature. The XRD analysis shows that the tetragonal phase of Sn02 NWs remains stable after Cu ion irradiation, but with increasing irradiation dose level the crystal size increases due to ion beam induced coalescence of NWs. The FTIR spectra of pristine Sn02 NWs exhibit the chemical composition of SnO2 while the Cn-O bond is also observed in the FTIR spectra after Cu ion beam irradiation. The presence of Cu impurity in SnO2 is further confirmed by calculating the stopping range of Cu ions by using TRM/SRIM code. Optical properties of SnO2 NWs are studied before and after Cu ion irradiation. Band gap analysis reveMs that the band gap of irradiated samples is found to decrease compared with the pristine sample. Therefore, ion beam irradiation is a promising technology for nanoengineering and band gap tailoring.
文摘通过扩大H型反应器,利用面积超过100 cm 2的铟金属片和锡金属片电极电催化还原二氧化碳制甲酸。从二氧化碳还原反应产物的选择性、电解能力等方面进行了研究,得到了大尺寸金属电极反应器电催化制甲酸的优化方法。结果表明,进气流量40 mL/min和电流密度-3.0~-4.5 mA/cm^(2)区间及中性电解质为反应的最佳条件。
文摘Nanocrystalline tin oxide samples were prepared by using Sn2 （NH4 ）2 （C2O4）3 as the precursor. The thermal decompositions were respectively conducted at 250,450 and 650 ℃. TG-DTA, XRD, TEM, FTIR were used to characterize the samples. The indirect heating sensors by using these materials as sensitive bodies were fabricated on an alumina tube with Au electrodes and platinum wires. Sensing properties of these sensors were investigated. It was found that the tin oxide sample obtained by thermal decomposition at 450 ℃ has a higher sensitivity to C2H5OH and a higher selectivity to hexane and ammonia than those obtained via the conventional precipitate method and the working temperatures needed were greatly decreased.
