Implications of Nanobiosensors in Agriculture

Nanotechnology has emerged as a boon to the society with immense potential in varied area of research and our day-to-day life. The application of nanotechnology for the advancement of biosensor leads to an efficient nanobiosensor with miniature structure as compared to conventional biosensors. Nanobiosensors can be effectively used for sensing a wide variety of fertilizers, herbicide, pesticide, insecticide, pathogens, moisture, and soil pH. Taken together, proper and controlled use of nanobiosensor can support sustainable agriculture for enhancing crop productivity.

Bacteriorhodopsin and SWCNT Scaffold for Optical Nanobiosensor

This paper describes theoretical steps to develop an optical nanobiosensor using bacteriorhodopsin （BR） as the biomembrane and Single-Walled Carbon NanoTube （SWCNT） as the scaffold. Bacteriorhodopsin is a retinal protein used by archaea that come under the family of halobacteria. This retinal protein acts as a proton pump and resulting proton gradient is used to change the voltage that pass across the drain and source. The biosensor contains nano ISFET where the channel is made of a carbon nanotube for the conduction of current. The gate is replaced by bacteriorhodopsin biomembrane. Bacteriorhodopsin can be used as a molecular-level ultra fast bi-stable red / green photo switch for making 3D optical molecular memories that reliably store data with 10,000 molecules/bit. The molecules switch in femtoseconds. Biomembrane will sense 510 nm and 650 nm wavelength of light and the sensing voltage can be used to convert the data into digital signals. This molecular level memory device can be used for ‘Read-Write＇ operations. The sensor performance will also be ultra fast since it uses photons for the data storage, which are much faster than electrons used in normal memory devices, and the 3D storage capacity is much higher maximum of 10^13/cm^2.

Wavelength-dependent three-dimensional single-molecule superlocalization imaging for yoctomole detection of thyroid-stimulating hormone on a quantum dot nanobiosensor

A wavelength-dependent three-dimensional(3D)superlocalization imaging method on gold nanoislands(GNIs)chip was developed as a supersensitive single-molecule thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)nanobiosensor.Scattered and fluorescent signals from gold nanoislands on the substrate and quantum dots(QDs)nanoprobes were simultaneously isolated and acquired within an evanescent field layer generated by total internal reflection(TIR)of incident light using a dual-view device.The 3D TIR fluorescence images of TSH-bound QDs on the GNIs were obtained using z-axis optical sectioning at 10nm intervals before/after immunoreaction to identify the optimal conditions for detection.The localized centroid position of QD nanoprobes and GNI were distinguished at a subdiffraction limit resolution using 3D Gaussian fitting to the point spread function.The QD TSH nanobiosensor using wavelength-dependent 3D TIR fluorescence-based single-molecule localization microscopy(3D TIRF-SLM)imaging technique showed an excellent detection limit of 90 yoctomoles(~54 molecules)and a wide linear dynamic range of 1.14 zmol/L-100 pmol/L for TSH.The detection sensitivity was about 4.4×10^(9)times higher than conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and could successfully quantify TSH in human serum.The wavelength-dependent 3D TIRF-SLM technique may emerge as a reliable platform for ultrahigh-sensitive nanobiosensors at the single-molecule level and early diagnosis with quantification of disease-related ultra-tracebiomolecules.

FET-based nanobiosensors for the detection of smell and taste

Various nanobiosensors composed of biomaterials and nanomaterials have been developed,due to their demonstrated advantage of showing high performance.Among various biomaterials for biological recognition elements of the nanobiosensor,sensory receptors,such as olfactory and taste receptors,are promising biomaterials for developing nanobiosensors,because of their high selectivity to target molecules.Field-effect transistors(FET)with nanomaterials such as carbon nanotube(CNT),graphene,and conducting polymer nanotube(CPNT),can be combined with the biomaterials to enhance the sensitivity of nanobiosensors.Recently,many efforts have been made to develop nanobiosensors using biomaterials,such as olfactory receptors and taste receptors for detecting various smells and tastes.This review focuses on the biomaterials and nanomaterials used in nanobiosensor systems and studies of various types of nanobiosensor platforms that utilize olfactory receptors and taste receptors which could be applied to a wide range of industrial fields,including the food and beverage industry,environmental monitoring,the biomedical field,and anti-terrorism.

Self-assembling bacterial pores as components of nanobiosensors for the detection of single peptide molecules

Nano-sized bacterial pores were inserted into a lipid membrane as a nanobiosensor for the detection of single peptide molecules. Due to the intrinsic properties of single-channel conductance, the transit of individual molecules through the pore can be studied. The analysis of both the blockage current and duration is able to provide specific structural information and allows the detection of specific peptides in bulk mixtures.

纳米技术在生物传感器及检测中的应用

纳米生物技术是纳米技术与生物技术交叉渗透形成的新技术,是纳米技术的重要组成部分,也是将来生物医学领域中的一个重要发展方向。纳米颗粒是生物医学中研究最多、应用最广的纳米材料,有着许多独特的性质。本文叙述了近年来国际上以纳米颗粒为基础的纳米技术在生物传感器及生物检测中的研究成果和进展,介绍了纳米颗粒的制备方法,以及它们在纳米生物传感器和纳米生物芯片中的应用,结合纳米病原微生物检测也介绍了我们进行的有关免疫传感器检测细菌的研究成果。最后,对该领域的应用前景进行了展望。

光纤纳米生物传感器的现状及发展

介绍了当前用于单细胞研究的光纤纳米生物传感器的现状及发展,包括光纤纳米生物传感器的制作、构造和在生物研究领域中的应用。

纳米材料在生物检测中的应用

纳米颗粒是生物医学中研究最多、应用最广的纳米材料,有许多独特的性质。综述了近年来国际上以纳米颗粒为基础的纳米技术在生物传感器及生物检测中的研究成果和进展,介绍了纳米颗粒的制备方法及其在纳米生物传感器和纳米生物芯片中的应用,结合纳米病原微生物检测介绍了有关免疫传感器检测细菌的研究成果,并对该领域的应用前景进行了展望。

纳米传感技术及其在生物医学中的应用

目前人们已研制出了尺寸在微米、纳米量级的生物传感器和生物图像传感器 ,这些传感器的共同特点是 :体积小 ,分辨率高 ,响应时间短 ,所需样品量少以及对活细胞的损伤小 ,可进行微创甚至无创测量。此外 ,由于响应时间可以缩短到毫秒级 ,所以可用于测量细胞的瞬态、突发性变化 (如细胞分裂、死亡等 )。目前 ,纳米生物传感器主要采用纳米光纤探头及相应的光学检测方法 ,相对于此前的超微玻璃电极而言 ,具有可靠性高、一致性好、互换性好以及制备容易等特点。此外 ,由于采用了光纤及相应的微机械加工制备技术 ,使纳米生物传感器比前期的超微电极具有更小的尖端尺寸。本文叙述了近年来国际上在纳米生物传感技术方面的研究成果和进展 ,介绍了它们的制备方法、性能指标和应用领域 ,以及我们进行的有关细胞传感器的研究成果。最后 。

纳米多孔硅阻抗生物传感器的研究

构建了1种基于多孔硅材料,无需标记的纳米生物传感器,用于对牛血清白蛋白分子进行检测。通过对多孔硅进行表面处理,形成氧化膜,将抗体固定到多孔硅氧化层表面。在磷酸盐缓冲液中,通过电化学检测系统检测加入抗原后,传感器的阻抗值的变化。磷酸缓冲液(PBS)/抗体-氧化层/硅,构成电解液/绝缘层/半导体(electro-lyte-insulator-semiconductor,EIS)结构。传感器的线性检测范围为0.01～0.27mg/mL,检测限为0.01mg/mL。

纳米生物传感器在前列腺癌早期检测中的应用

纳米生物传感器是纳米技术与生物传感器的融合,其研究涉及纳米技术、生物技术、微电子技术和分析技术等多个重要领域。近年来,随着各种纳米材料的不断涌现和纳米技术的蓬勃发展,纳米生物传感器在疾病诊断领域展现出日益广泛的应用性。前列腺癌是当前威胁全世界男性健康的主要恶性肿瘤之一,对低浓度的前列腺癌标志物进行高效检测有利于前列腺癌的早期诊断、治疗监测及复发预测,具有重要的临床意义。本文针对生物传感器在前列腺癌标志物检测中的应用,介绍近年来纳米生物传感技术在前列癌早期诊断中的研究进展与应用前景。

单细胞蛋白定量检测方法研究进展

蛋白质的存在及表达水平差异可以阐明生物体的生理或病理变化机制,因此蛋白质的定量检测对疾病发生机制研究、疾病诊断和预后评价等具有重要意义。传统的组织水平上的蛋白定量检测反映的是细胞中蛋白质表达量的平均水平,它往往忽略了单个细胞之间存在的差异,而单细胞蛋白定量检测手段则更能真实地反映这种差异。近年来发展了一系列单细胞蛋白定量检测的方法,如微流控技术、微孔技术、光导纤维纳米生物传感器技术、基于活性的荧光探针技术和质谱法等,本文就这些方法的原理、优缺点等进行简要介绍。

Nano-Sized Elements in Electrochemical Biosensors

The emerging nanotechnology has opened novel opportunities to explore analytical applications of the fabricated nano-sized materials. Recent advances in nano-biotechnology have made it possible to realize a variety of enzyme electrodes suitable for sensing application. In coating miniaturized electrodes with biocatalysts, undoubtedly the most of the potential deposition processes suffer from the difficulty in depositing process and reproducible coatings of the active enzyme on the miniature transducer element. The promising prospects can concern to the obtaining of thin protein layers by using, i.e. electrochemical deposition, electrophoretic deposition as well as monolayer methods (Langmuir-Blodgett procedure, Layer-by-Layer—LbL). Many aspects dealing with deposition of enzyme by techniques employing electric field are considered, including surface charge of enzyme, and its migration under applied electric filed. The using of nanoscale materials (i.e. nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods) for electrochemical biosensing has seen also explosive increase in recent years following the discovery of nanotubes. These structures offer a promise in the development of biosensing, facilitating the great improvement of the selectivity and sensitivity of the current methods. Finally, the perspectives in the further exploration of nanoscaled sensors are discussed.

核酸适配体及其在纸上纳米传感器研究中的应用

核酸适配体是一种能识别目标物质并与之结合的单链DNA或者RNA,被越来越多地应用于纸上纳米生物传感器的研究中。本文从核酸适配体出发,在综述其特点及筛选原理的基础上,结合纸上纳米生物传感器的特点,综述了核酸适配体在纸上纳米生物传感器中的应用,不难发现,除利用适配体与抗体相似的识别与捕获能力之外,这些传感器还创新性的利用了诸如,适配体易于修饰的特点设计新的信号转换方式,碱基互补配对规则设计适配体与其他分子之间的交联以及适配体可以扩增的特点进行信号放大等等开展相关的研究工作。

目标物诱导的等离子激元耦合以及表面增强拉曼光谱用于牛奶中三聚氰胺的检测

该文报道了一种基于目标物诱导的等离子激元耦合以及表面增强拉曼光谱、利用未修饰的金纳米颗粒检测牛奶中三聚氰胺的新颖、免标记、易操作的纳米生物传感方法。三聚氰胺与聚T寡核苷酸的结合使得金纳米颗粒不稳定,从而导致盐诱导的单分散金纳米颗粒发生团聚。而团聚的金纳米颗粒能够产生等离子激元耦合,并引发了表面拉曼信号的增强。该方法不仅在设计上简单、直接,而且在具体实验操作中也是非常快速和方便的。该方法能够在实际牛奶样品中检测三聚氰胺,检测限为8 nmol/L。

等离子体纳米生物传感器的发展及其在病原微生物检测中的研究进展

等离子体纳米生物传感器是一种基于金属纳米粒子的局域表面等离子体共振效应(LSPR)的光学生物传感器。该文介绍了等离子体纳米生物传感器的光学原理和常见检测体系,重点关注了这类生物传感器在病原微生物检测中的应用,讨论了这类生物传感器的优化策略,并对未来发展与应用提出展望。

纳米生物传感器在食品分析中的应用研究进展

如今食品工业是纳米生物传感器的关键应用领域。功能化的纳米材料可以作为催化剂、固定化平台、光纤标签等,提高生物传感器的性能,使其具有更高的灵敏度、稳定性和选择性。纳米材料,如纳米金粒子、纳米复合物、磁纳米粒、纳米线、碳纳米管、纳米杆及量子点,在生物传感器中具有重要作用,特别是应用于食品检测。该文综述了如今纳米生物传感器在食品检测,特别是在对杀虫剂、病原体和糖类检测中的发展和应用,这些纳米生物系统也有利于研制、开发灵敏度高、适用性强、简便快捷的食品检测技术与方法。

纳米生物传感器在临床床旁检测中的应用进展

纳米生物传感器是一种可进行多通路复用分析且检测速度快、功耗小、成本低的微型便携式高性能检测设备,适用于床旁检验(POCT)。目前各具优点的不同类型纳米生物传感器已逐渐被针对性开发应用于多种疾病(如癌症、糖尿病、获得性免疫缺陷综合征、血吸虫病、新型冠状病毒肺炎)的POCT以辅助临床早期诊断,但其检测样本类型多为血液样本,为满足更多疾病的早期诊断和多角度分析需求,未来将会研发适用于更多种类体液中微量生物标志物检测的纳米生物传感器。纳米生物传感器的复合优点能够很好地弥补传统POCT设备的不足,其将提升POCT的质量,为检验医学更好地辅助临床快速早期诊断疾病提供一定帮助。

Advancement of noble metallic nanoparticles in agriculture: A promising future

Since the last decades,nanotechnology has gained the attention of researchers in the field of plant sciences.The characteristics of nanoparticles are reliant on their shape and size.Formulations involving noble metallic nanoparticles(NMNPs)offer novel technologies to boost agricultural productivity and minimize conventional pesticide use.The application of nanoparticles as nanofertilizer improves plant growth and enhances nutrient uptake efficiency.Noble metallic nanoparticles act as antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant pathogens and provide protection to plants.Nanobiosensors and nanodevices are utilized in diverse agro-based areas such as plant disease diagnosis and nanoparticle-based material delivery.Several studies have focused on negative impacts such as toxicity and environmental threats posed by NMNPs.Understanding the effects of NMNPs on agriculture is critical for the assessment of their safety and the impending environmental risks to biodiversity and human health.Here,we summarize the advances of NMNPs towards revolutionizing modern agricultural applications and the recent trends in sustainable precision agriculture.

一种基于MSO/GO的水中痕量汞离子（Ⅱ）检测方法研究

目的 运用优化的汞离子特异性寡核苷酸探针（mercury-specific oligonucleotide,MSO）和氧化石墨烯（graphene oxide,GO）,构建一种超高灵敏度荧光检测水中Hg2＋的纳米生物传感器.方法 将自主设计的MSO1（5＇端进行荧光基团FAM标记,标记为FAM-MSO1）和MSO2通过非共价键作用力吸附到GO的表面,实现纳米生物传感器的组装；利用特异错配结合（T-Hg2＋-T）和溶液中荧光信号的变化情况,进行Hg2＋的定量分析.结果 制备的GO厚度仅为1.4 nm;构建的Hg2＋纳米生物传感器,FAM-MSO1和MSO2的最佳浓度均为1μmol/L,0.5 g/L GO最佳用量为5μl,最低检测限为10 pmol/L,与除Hg2＋以外的其他10种金属离子交叉反应低,加入Na2S2O3再检测Hg2＋荧光恢复效率达65％.结论 基于MSO/GO的Hg2＋纳米生物传感器,具有操作简便、灵敏、特异、准确和可重复使用性等优点,可用于水中痕量Hg2＋的检测.