Effect of Purified Paper Wasp Ropalidia marginata Venom Toxins on Different Biomolecules in Mice Serum

This study evaluated the effects of purified paper wasp Ropalidia marginata venoms on various biomolecules in the blood serum of albino mice. Changes in the concentration of some important macromolecules, i.e., proteins, free amino acids, uric acid, cholesterol, pyruvic acid, total lipids and glucose were noted down. These alterations were measured after intraperitoneal injection of 40% and 80% 24-hour LD50 purified Ropalidia marginata venom toxin. Serum total protein levels were found to decrease to 78% after 6 hrs, while serum free amino acid levels were significantly increased to 117% 6 hrs after venom injection compared to control. It was also found that serum uric acid levels increased to 138% after 8 hrs of venom injection compared to control. The increase in serum cholesterol i.e. (101% and 106%) and pyruvic acid increased significantly to a maximum value of 106% after 6 hrs of treatment at 40% LD50. Glycogen levels in the gastrocnemius muscle were found to decrease significantly (p-0.05) to 43% and 92% at LD50 after injection of purified Ropalidia marginata venom after 8 h and 80% at LD50 compared to control. Moreover, up to 71% and 81% were obtained at 10 hrs of treatment with the same dose. In the present study, the purified toxins significantly changed the levels of biomolecules in blood serum, indicating their wider effects on cellular physiology due to toxic effects and stress on the animal. These toxins can be good antigens and stimulate immune responses in experimental mice.

Charge self-trapping in two strand biomolecules:Adiabatic polaron approach

We investigate the properties of the excess charge(electron, hole) introduced into a two-strand biomolecule. We consider the possibility that the stable soliton excitation can be formed due to interaction of excess charge with the phonon subsystem. The influence of overlap of the molecular orbitals between adjacent structure elements of the macromolecular chain on the soliton properties is discussed. Special attention is paid to the influence of the overlapping of the molecular orbitals between structure elements placed on the different chains. Using the literature values of the basic energy parameters of the two-chain biomolecular structures, possible types of soliton solutions are discussed.

Investigation of photon energy absorption properties for some biomolecules

The mass energy absorption coefficient (len=q), effective atomic number (ZPEAeff ), and electron density (NPEAeff ) of some biomolecules with potential application in radiation dosimetry were calculated for their photon energy absorption (PEA) in the energy region of 1–20 MeV. It was noticed that the values of len=q, ZPEAeff , and NPEAeff vary with the energy and composition of the biomolecules. The results for ZPEAeff were compared with effective atomic numbers (ZPIeff ) owing to the photon interaction (PI). Significant differences were noted between ZPEAeff and ZPIeff in the energy region of 10–150 keV for all of the biomolecules involved. A maximum difference of 45.36% was observed at 50 keV for creatinine hydrochloride. Moreover, the studied attenuation parameters were found to be sharply affected at the K-absorption edge of relatively high-Z elements present in the biomolecules.

Transitional metal ions induced damage to biomolecules:role of ferryl and perferryl radicals

Objective:To investigate the effect of oxidized transitional metal（ferric and cupric） ions on the amino acids.Methods:25 mmol/L hydroxyproline and 25 mmol/L histidine were incubated with 50μL Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions at pH 7.4 and 37℃for 30 mins in separate test tubes.Then 500μL of 1% thiobarbituricacid（TBA） was added to the incubated amino acids followed by addition of 500μL of glacial acetic acid.The resultant mixture was vortexed and heated at 100℃for 30 min.Absorbance readings were noted after cooling to room temperature.The experiment was repeated in the presence of various reagents,like hydroxyl radical scavengers,antioxidant enzymes,and reducing agents and metal ion chelators.Results:The pink chromogen formed with the absorbance maxima at 524 nm,AND shifted to 560 nm in alkaline pH.The absorbance was expressed as TBAadduct in MDA units.The TBA-adduct decreased in the presence of reducing agents and metal ion chelators.Antioxidant enzymes and hydroxyl radical scavengers did not show any effect. Conclusion:Transitional metal ions in their oxidized state showed significant damage to amino acids,hydroxyproline and histidine.The results indicate the possible role played by high-valent oxo-iron species,ferryl and perferry radicals in damaging biomolecules.

Evaluation of attraction terms in equations of state on the prediction of solubility of some biomolecules in supercritical carbon dioxide

In the present work, effect of the attraction terms of four recently modified Peng-Robinson （MPR） equations of state on the prediction of solubility of caffeine, cholesterol, uracil and erythromycin was studied. The attraction terms of two of these equations are linear relative to the acentric factor and for the other two are exponential. It is found that the later show less deviation. Also interaction parameters for the studied systems are obtained and the percentage of average absolute relative deviation （%AARD） in each calculation is displayed.

PMMA Polymer Membrane-Based Single Cylindrical Submicron Pores: Electrical Characterization and Investigation of Their Applicability in Resistive-Pulse Biomolecule Detection

Single cylindrical submicron pores in PMMA polymer membranes are micropatterned by electron beam lithography and integrated into all PMMA-based electrophoretic flow detector systems. Pore dimensions are 450 nm in diameter and 1 μm in length. The pores are electrically characterized in aqueous KCl electrolyte, exhibiting a stable time-independent ionic current through the pore with a noise level of less than 1% of the open-pore current. The current-voltage curves are linear and scale with electrolyte concentration. The negative surface charge of the membrane over-proportionally decreases pore conductance at low electrolyte concentrations (≤0.1 M) that are still beyond those typically applied in biological experiments. Pores do not exhibit rectification of current flowing through them, allowing for operation with either polarity. To allow for detection of yet much smaller particles, the described PMMA-based system also was successfully equipped with pores of 1.5 nm instead of 450 nm in diameter. This was achieved by introducing naturally occurring biological protein pores of α-hemolysin on a lipid bilayer into the prepatterned PMMA membrane of an assembled PMMA-based electrophoretic flow detector system. Characteristics of translocation events of single-stranded linear plasmid DNA molecules through the pores were recorded, and ionic current deductions during biomolecule translocation were clear and distinguished. Based on the presented submicron scale open pore ionic current transport properties, as well as the observed passage of DNA molecules through protein pores inserted into PMMA membranes, our current research proposes that all PMMA electrophoretic flow detectors exhibit an excellent potential for future use as biomedical resistive-pulse sensors, as long as pore dimensions match those of biomolecules to be detected.

Mesophilic Process and Kinetics Studies of Selected Biomolecules as Potential Enhancers of Biomethanization of Cow Dung in an Anaerobic Tubular Batch Reactor

Mesophilic biogas production and substrate decomposition is one of the significant limiting steps in biogas generation. The rate of generation and quality often affect the viability of biogas systems. This study assessed the potential for biogas process catalysis using powdered Sorghum bicolor L., Zea mays, and Pennisetum glaucum. The kinetics and biogas generation processes were studied. Experiments were conducted in 1 m3 tubular batch reactors, where batches were dosed with various organic biomolecules. Results show that the use of P. glaucum L. and S. bicolor L. reduced the biogas retention times significantly. Biogas generation commenced after the first day for digesters fed with S. bicolor L. and P. glaucum L. while one with Z. mays and control occurred on day two. The rate of biomethanation and methane content were enhanced. S. bicolor L. led to the highest methane content. Findings reveal that locally available organic biomolecules improved biogas quality and quantity.

Excess adsorption of biomolecules on soft surfaces: Adsorption of DNA, proteins and lactose on fatty surfaces

Insoluble fatty surfaces are involved in many important interactions such as in biomembranes with soluble biological macro and micromolecules. In this paper we have studied the adsorption interaction of aqueous solution of DNA, some proteins and lactose on several sparingly soluble fatty substances namely milk fat, stearic acid, palmitic acid, phosphatidyl choline and cholesterol surfaces by measuring the depletion of the adsorbates by analytical methods. Adsorption () of DNA on the soft surfaces of stearic acid, milk fat, phosphatidyl choline, palmitic acid and cholesterol was measured as a function of DNA concentration C2. In each case was found to increase with C2 until it reached the maximum value at a critical concentration . For different surfaces stands in the order: stearic acid > milk fat > phosphatidyl choline > cholesterol > palmitic acid. DNA forms multilayers on stearic acid surface. Adsorption of hemoglobin on cholesterol surface is found to be negative or zero but that of BSA on cholesterol is positive. Adsorption of gelatin on cholesterol surface is significantly higher than that of BSA. Lysozyme on cholesterol surface forms multilayers and on casein forms bilayer. The lowering of free energies ?DGo for all systems have been calculated using integrated form of the Gibbs adsorption and their values have been compared with each other. It is concluded that despite differences in the adsorption behavior of the biomolecules on various soft surfaces, free energy change expressed as Bull’s free energy change (Δ) remain nearly constant except for BSA-fatty acid interaction which may be likely due a specific interaction.

Oxidative Consumption of Oral Biomolecules by Therapeutically-Relevant Doses of Ozone

In view of its potent microbicidal actions, ozone (O3) offers much potential for application as a therapeutic agent in oral health, e.g. in the treatment of dental caries. This oxidant is extremely reactive towards biomolecules present in the oral environment, and in this study we have employed high-resolution proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine the nature and extent of the oxidation of biomolecules known to be present in carious dentin, plaque and saliva. Phosphate-buffered (pH 7.00) aqueous solutions containing sodium pyruvate, α-D-glucose, L-cys teine and L-methionine (5.00 mM) were treated with gaseous O3 (4.48 mmol.) delivered by a therapeutic O3 generating device. Attack of O3 on methionine and cysteine generated the corresponding primary oxidation products of these substrates, specifically methionine sulphoxide [98% ± 4% (mean ± SEM) yield] and cystine (95% ± 6% yield) respectively, and treatment of pyruvate with this oxidant produced acetate and CO2 via an oxidative decarboxylation process (93% ± 4% yield). Reaction of O3 with α-D-glucose gave rise to formate as a major product (24% ± 2% yield). In conclusion, multicomponent 1H NMR analysis of appropriate chemical model systems provides valuable molecular information regarding the reactivity of O3 towards biomolecules present in the oral environment, information which is of much relevance to its therapeutic mechanisms of action. Moreover, in view of the much higher concentrations of these O3-scavenging biomolecules in oral fluid and/or soft tissue environments than that of O3 applied, they may also serve to offer protection against putative adverse effects inducible by any of this oxidant which escapes from its site of therapeutic application (e.g., at primary root carious lesions).

Living Matter in Crash Test:How Biomolecules Respond to Mecha nical Forces

The Group on Protein Mechanics and Evolution at the CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology,Shanghai,was established in January 2007 and headed by Dr.Frauke Gr?ter.The Klaus Tschira Lab has continued the eff orts of this former Independent Junior Research Group,since Dr.Gr?ter took up a position at the Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical Studies(HITS)in Heidelberg,Germany。

基于视觉化的“生物化学实验”教学设计与探索

针对“生物化学实验”内容抽象、逻辑性和实践性强的特点,突破传统单一实验室教学模式,探索了基于视觉化的“生物化学实验”教学方式。运用思维导图将生物化学实验课程静态的实验内容、实验流程、路径和方法等知识点,以图形化方式展现,帮助学生对实验体系形成整体认识;通过Camtasia等录制软件,形象化地展示生化仪器的使用、生物分子的动态分配、实验报告的生成等过程,对重点和难点内容进行动态视觉化演示设计,结合ppt动画引导学生自主构建实验知识和技能;借助Pymol插件及虚拟仿真实验直观展示生物分子的空间结构及分子间的互作等,将理论与现象结合起来,帮助学生理解生命现象的发生机制。基于视觉化的“生物化学实验”教学模式不仅提高了学生的学习积极性和信息技术水平,而且有助于教师全面、客观地掌握学生的学习过程,在教学实践中取得了很好的效果。

表面活性剂基生物小分子电化学传感进展

实现对生物小分子的灵敏高效检测具有重要生物医学意义。已提出的检测方法中,电化学传感法因具有操作简单、成本低、响应快、灵敏度高等突出优势而备受青睐。独特的结构和性质,使表面活性剂在生物小分子的电化学传感领域应用广泛。通过对已报道工作的对比分析,本文对表面活性剂在生物小分子电化学检测中的应用方式进行了归纳总结、对其可能的电催化作用机制进行了探讨,并对其应用发展趋势进行了展望。本综述有望为后续相关研究工作的开展提供一些新思路。

自组装生物分子软物质材料及其物理特性

自组装生物分子软物质材料是以生物分子或生物分子基元为构建单元,通过自组织过程形成的一类新型软物质材料.因其组成单元的生物特性和其中弱相互作用驱动组装的特征,这类材料通常具有高度生物相容性、可逆组装、动态响应和微结构可控性等优势,在生物医学、组织工程和柔性传感等领域中被广泛关注并得到了相关研发和应用.本文简要介绍自组装生物分子软物质材料的基本构建原理和物理特性,并以氨基酸、多肽分子等组装单元为例,对三类自组装生物分子软物质材料(纳米材料、凝胶材料和复合材料)的自组装分子机制、材料构建思路、力学特性和功能应用场景做了具体阐述.我们认为自组装生物分子软物质材料的研究,将从结构单元的发掘和相关特性的表征,向多功能性质定制与前端应用集成方向发展,从而研发出崭新的复合智能生物软物质材料,进一步促进其在生物医学、有机半导体和软体机器人等新兴领域中的应用.

生物小分子制剂在根管化学消毒中的研究进展

牙髓病及根尖周病的治疗关键为清除根管内细菌及生物膜。以次氯酸钠作为冲洗液,配合使用注射器和超声冲洗,是目前临床首选的根管冲洗方式;氢氧化钙是诊间根管封药的主要选择。然而,常规根管化学消毒存在药物渗透能力欠佳以及产生耐药性等不足。近年来,新型生物小分子制剂如M33D、LL‐37等抗菌肽,反义RNA分子ASwalR/ASvicR,纳米银、介孔硅酸钙、壳聚糖等纳米颗粒,因其良好的渗透性及生物调节能力,可在根管复杂解剖结构和牙本质小管深处发挥抗菌、抗生物膜的功效,并促进根尖周病变的愈合。然而,生物小分子制剂的体内稳定性、生物安全性及临床价值等仍需进一步研究。传统药物的改良、多种药物的联合使用仍是研究关注重点,未来还需开发新型小分子制剂和理想消毒药物。本文对生物小分子制剂在感染根管化学消毒中的研究新进展进行综述。

用于肿瘤靶向治疗的双药递送、多重环境响应型核交联胶束

设计合成了一种新型两亲性三嵌段聚合物聚乙二醇单甲醚(mPEG)-b-聚甲基丙烯酸二异丙胺基乙酯(PDPA)-b-聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)/硫辛酸(LA)(mPEG-b-PDPA-b-PMAA/LA)。该聚合物通过自组装、核交联构建成具有pH/谷胱甘肽(GSH)响应的肿瘤靶向给药系统用于递送寡核苷酸HApt和阿霉素(DOX)。核交联胶束(CCM)在血清中和抗稀释方面表现出较高的稳定性。通过对DOX的包载与释放动力学研究,发现CCM比未交联胶束(UCM)具有更高的载药率(DLC),且DLC和包封率(DLE)都随着PDPA和PMAA聚合度的增加而增加,证明随着胶束的疏水核心增大,胶束封装药物的能力增强。此外,CCM有优良的药物控释性,研究证明CCM必须在pH和GSH同时刺激下,PDPA层质子化溶胀、凝胶核解交联引起胶束结构瓦解,DOX才能充分释放,最大累积释放率可达90%。同时还研究了DOX/HApt分区载药及其释放动力学,设法将DOX包载于PDPA层、核酸HApt包载于PMAA凝胶核,通过不同组合的环境条件刺激,获得了多种行为的释药模式。研究证明该药物载体具有将两种药物分区包载、独立释放的能力。本文所设计的核交联胶束药物递送系统有望实现基因治疗和药物治疗的协同效应。

Bimetallic mixed-linker metal-organic frameworks for electrochemical detection of biomolecules

Because of their easy tunability in structure,porosity,and micro-environment,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have recently attracted numerous attentions in various fields.The detection of ascorbic acid(AA),dopamine(DA),and uric acid(UA)is of great significance not only in biomedicine and neurochemistry but also in disease diagnosis and pathology research.Herein,a series of bimetallic-organic frameworks,MIL-125(Ti-Fe)-x%NH_(2)(x=0,25,50,75,and 100),was successfully synthesized.MIL-125(Ti-Fe)-x%NH_(2)family was employed as electrochemical sensors for the detection of AA,DA,and UA,and MIL-125(Ti-Fe)-100%NH_(2)exhibited the most promising performance with 50%carbon black doping in 0.1 mol·L^(-1)PBS(pH=7.10).In addition,the as-prepared MIL-125(Ti-Fe)-100%NH_(2)/GCE exhibited excellent anti-interference performance and good stability,which provided a promising platform for future utilization in real sample analysis.

基于纳米电极的单细胞内生物分子电化学分析

单细胞分析能够更加精准地获取生物学信息,避免因平均化分析而丢失单细胞异质性特征,这对于研究阐明细胞代谢和信号通路至关重要.基于纳米电极的电化学分析技术因其高选择性、高灵敏度和高时空分辨率的优点而被广泛用于单细胞分析.本文综合评述了利用纳米电极对单细胞内部生物分子进行定量分析的最新研究进展,介绍了其在生物学研究中的应用,并对该领域面临的问题和未来发展进行了总结与展望.

生物分子功能化纳米酶的模拟酶性质及可视化生物传感应用

对生物分子功能化纳米酶的研究背景、意义以及模拟酶的概念和应用进行概述,详细介绍了生物分子功能化纳米酶的设计和制备方法,分析了模拟酶的催化机理、反应动力学、催化效率和稳定性等性质,讨论了生物分子功能化纳米酶在生物传感器、医药和环境监测等领域的应用,讨论了纳米酶在生物体内的分布、代谢途径及其形态和结构表征技术,探讨了生物分子功能化纳米酶的发展趋势。通过对生物分子功能化纳米酶的全面介绍,有助于深入了解和探究该领域的研究进展和应用前景。

Al^(18)F标记生物分子的研究进展

在正电子发射断层扫描(PET)核素的研究中,18F核素因其出色的物理及核性质而成为生物活性分子标记的优选核素。与传统的18F核素标记方法相比,Al^(18)F复合物标记方法将18F的有利衰变特性与基于金属放射化学标记的快捷便利性和易于操作相结合,在放射性药物的临床开发及应用中展现出独特的优越性。本文回顾了Al^(18)F标记的生物活性分子的研究进展,并概述了在各类疾病领域中,Al^(18)F标记生物分子的应用现状及未来趋势。

基于GMR生物传感器的病原体检测研究进展

对当前病原体检测方法和磁性生物传感器的优势进行了简单阐述,分别介绍了巨磁阻(GMR)传感器在生物医学检测领域的应用优势、GMR效应的来源及常见的GMR传感器的结构类型,重点关注了GMR生物传感的基本原理,包括传感器在免疫分析领域的应用策略和传感器表面功能化的方法。总结了GMR生物传感器在病原体检测中的发展现状,重点阐述了GMR生物传感器在靶向标签、致病菌和病毒检测方面的实际应用。最后对当前GMR生物传感器在病原体检测领域面临的问题进行简要分析,对GMR生物传感器未来的应用前景进行了展望,为新一代可用于临床检测的GMR生物检测系统的开发奠定坚实的基础。