Nursing Activities at Health Surveys and Health Checkups during the Early Period of Operation of the Hiroshima ABCC—Oral History Study Based on Narratives of Three Japanese Nurses

Using an oral history approach, this study analyzed the narratives obtained from semi-structured interviews administered to three Japanese women who worked as nurses for the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC). The analysis of the data in the narratives showed details of the health surveys and health checkups conducted during the early period of operation of ABCC. During the early period of operation of ABCC some survivors showed negative behaviors toward the health surveys and health checkups at the ABCC. However, it can be inferred that dedicated nursing played an important role in alleviating the stress and emotional issues of survivors at the health surveys and health checkups. The findings of the study could be beneficial to research into nursing activities for patients exposed to radiation at the present day.

The Offbeat Writing of History-- Analysis on the Narrative Characteristics of ＂History＂ by Herodotus

＂History＂ is a historical works of reflecting the Greek and Persian Wars as the main content created by an ancient Greek historian Herodotus. As the first Greek historical masterpiece, ＂History＂ has its own unique characteristics, which mainly reflects in three aspects： the equality of narrative attitude, branch narrative structures and oral narrative styles.

Intergroup Evaluation as an Indicator of Emotional Elaboration of Collective Traumas in National Historical Narratives

In a longitudinal content analytical study, the authors explored intergroup evaluation patterns in Hungarian history school-book narratives about the so-called ＂Trianon Peace Treaty＂ in 1920 which had approved the detachment of 2/3 of Hungary＇s territory by victorious countries of the First World War. The event has meant a major national trauma that has not been elaborated to date. The study aimed to find evaluation patterns in temporally changing narrative constructions which were diagnostic to the process of emotional elaboration of the trauma. School-books released between 1920 and 2000 were included in the study, by a 10-year sampling method. Analysis was performed by NARRCAT （Narrative Categorial Content Analytical Tool）, a computerized tool for narrative psychological content analysis, which is capable for identifying complex linguistic structures of psychological relevance in large databases of narratives. Four different evaluation patterns emerged in the narratives which roughly correspond to four different historical eras in Hungary. Results show that the aggressor-victim relation between the former Entente powers and Hungary has remained a part of the narrative representation of the treaty, reflecting the identity state of collective victimhood.

Rethinking Yi’an(Medical Cases)as a Tool for Narrative Medicine in China

When narrative medicine(NM)was introduced into China,traditional Chinese medicine scholars found that the core concepts advocated by NM are manifested in Chinese yi’an.But why NM echoes with ancient Chinese yi’an?How can we better integrate NM into Chinese medical practices?To answer those questions,this article first investigates how NM establishes itself as a remedy to biomedicine by taking traditional healing models including TCM as its ideal Other.Then,the narrative traditions of both case histories and yi’an are examined respectively.This article argues that NM is searching for a lost tradition of narrative case histories,but yi’an functions as a living tradition of TCM.The Parallel Chart in NM,designed as a complement to the dehumanized hospital chart,is still based on a dichotomy of science and art and a conflictual doctor-patient model.But yi’an exemplifies the holistic and humane healthcare that NM hopes to achieve.A comparison of both genres also inspired us to rethink the genre of yi’an in NM.Thus,it is concluded that yi’an should be viewed as an epistemic genre integrating individualization and generalization,a bridge linking medicine and literature.And narrative yi’an can well serve as a tool for NM in China.It is also proposed that a thick description of yi’an be encouraged to further promote a pluralistic NM in China.

论夯实核心素养的新方向——基于叙事的历史教学

“基于叙事的历史教学”是夯实核心素养的一个新方向,既突破传统教师讲故事的单一模式,又增加学生的叙事表现,兼具“故事性”和“探究性”的双重特征。研究认为,唯物史观、历史事件、故事时空、情节叙述、故事意义是该教学方式的基本要素。历史故事的教学作用指向核心素养的培养,历史故事的设计环节受到核心素养的约束,历史故事的教学过程导向核心素养的落实。将学生生活经验与异质经验交融是“基于叙事的历史教学”的动力和目的,培养历史学科核心素养是其内在诉求。

足球美学——一种关于接受、阐释与理性构建的身体叙事

足球是世界级的显学,其奇观性、想象性、陪伴性功能很强烈,三者合成了其审美维度。足球从一种身体游戏逐渐进化为一种审美体系,其所经历的恰是从经典身体学到口头叙事学的演进过程。足球美学一度难以在传统美学的范畴内获得认同,却极易在现代美学的体系内成为主流。中国的足球美学经历了球迷口述、跨学科交融、融入传统美学界三个阶段,其中混合了球迷感知、大历史观启示以及文化学、生物学、进化论、物种学等多学科知识能量。足球发达国家的相关研究成果,所涉及的评判理性、戏剧美学、球迷成瘾、想象力、哲学虚构、足球诗学、足球修辞学、美丽足球等议题都有很大的开拓性意义,类似的议题将足球美学导入一种虚构与真实、身体与信念、神话与图腾、审美与审丑之类的复合式文化构成体。

Representations of Contentious History Through Art:The Collective Trauma of Guernica

The question this study is attempting to address is how art can be used as a tool for promoting sustainable peace and the formation of a critical and accountable citizen.Such humanistic function of art is challenged in situations where society has been wounded as it often happens during and after the war.This study claims that challenges are fundamentally connected to the problem of historical narratives,especially those related to collective traumas,their use and role in shaping the views of the future generations.Narratives about the contentious past,and particularly collective traumas,are considered an important part of the cultural capital and collective identity of a society serving as a nation-building tool that unifies and glorifies the“in-group”.They can also serve to mobilize people along ethnic lines,which can lead to tensions and conflict.The aim of the study is to examine historical narratives and representations of the collective trauma of Guernica,the epicenter of the Basque identity and culture.The article concludes with an analysis of the artistic representations of collective trauma,such as the famous Picasso’s painting Guernica that has served to promote the message of peace by provoking critical thinking and accountability.

Becoming a historical thinker might be the first step for developing a consciousness of reasoned conciliation

The goal of this presentation is to examine the hypothesis that the ethno-political conflict in Israel can be utilized in history education to foster learning of historical thinking and to construct a tolerant space within the education system that will enable the structuring of in-principle criteria for coexistence prior to the ending of the conflict. I assumed that inculcation of historical knowledge in the education system in Israel by means of an attentive and reflexive cultural dialogue, which sensitively and skillfully confronts contradictory historical narratives as an everyday learning reality in class, will help structure a conciliatory consciousness of the kind we seek.

重写文明史

怎样建立中国话语及自主知识体系?学术界一直在奋力探索,然而效果却不甚明显,根本原因是没有找到恰当的抓手,无法做到“踏石有印,抓铁留痕”。话语是在言说中呈现的,或者说,话语最先是在对文明史(包括哲学史、文学史、艺术史、经济史、法律史、科技史等各学科史)的认知与言说、叙述和阐释中形成的。例如,中国的“春秋话语”,是孔子撰写《春秋》,从历史叙述和言说中建立起来的;同样,西方的话语权,也是从撰写世界文明史中确立的。无论是黑格尔《哲学史演讲录》对东方文明的贬低,还是雅斯贝尔斯的《历史的起源与目标》正式提出了“轴心时期”这一话语,都是在文明史的叙述和阐释中展开和形成的。然而,长期以来,“文明”概念的定义、文明观的全球输出以及文明史的书写话语权都牢牢掌握在西方学者手中,致使当下的(包括西方的和中国的)文明史书写存在严重的西方中心倾向,对东方文明,尤其是对中国文明的书写存在史实不符、歪曲贬低、盲目跟风、亦步亦趋等问题。针对这些问题提出“重写文明史”这一重大命题,是期望中国学者以文明史实为基础“重写文明史”,在重写文明史中对西方错误的文明观进行拨乱反正,对西方文明史和中国相关文明史研究中不实的书写进行有力的纠正和批判,对本土文明的世界文明级的贡献做到充分自信和自觉,在重写文明史中建设中国话语,并借助文明史重写之势,推动各个学科史知识体系的重构与话语建设。“重写文明史”是一个号召,是从文明史话语叙述、话语言说、话语阐释这个根柢上面,着手建立中国话语的一条重要路径和一个重大举措,是推进文明互鉴的时代新课题。我们期待中国学者携手国际学者,团结全世界学术界,以实事求是的作风重写文明史,重新研究文明互鉴史实,并在言说与阐释中进一步确立各个学科具有中国自主知识体系的文明观,书写符合人类历史原貌的文明史,并进一步以文明史实阐释人类命运共同体,以文明史实洞鉴国际形势百变的全球治理格局,以中国话语揭示文明互鉴演进的客观规律。

＂The Drama of the Tua Line＂, a Fictional Narrative and Literary Dialogue With the Contemporary Portuguese Railway Technology

This paper is a socio-literary approach to the book 《TUA》 COLECTANEA LITERARIA： Mem6rias do Vale e da Linha Ferrea, a collection of literary texts on the Tua centenarian railway, like the Swiss or French Alps railways, highlighting the analysis of the short story ＂The Tua Line drama＂ which builds a fictional dialogue between objects of a technological museum about the past and the future of the Tua railway, which is now disabled. It aims to focus on and discuss relations between technology and literature within its contemporary social context and to understand their complex and dynamic interrelations of interest regarding musealization. This paper will discuss the source base, methods and theory. The source base consists of literary publications appearing throughout the twentieth century. These texts, with originate from various authors, both classic and anonymous （novels, poetry, short stories, popular literature, news columns）, illustrate the action of/in the history of individuals and populations in relation to the Tua Valley, River, line and train, over the course of more than 100 years. Narratives, characters, events and episodes in various timeframes make up the set of literary fictions that provide an approximate and sensitive vision of the Tun Valley and realities around the construction, operation and closing of the railway line. Memories, identities, and historical contexts where norms, customs and social representations operate under various logics or social worlds which illustrate, by means of the fictional production of an imaginary realism, the socio-historical meaning of the Tua Valley and line. The methods employed are a longitudinal qualitative analysis of the occurrence of these themes during this period, and a socio-historical content analysis, drawing from literary studies, which aims to identify the main patterns of fictional narrative, in which sociotechnical knowledge regarding railways was packaged. The interdisciplinary analysis which is made is developed in the socio-historical framework （M. Block）, the ＂sociology of action＂ （Thevenot ＆ Boltanski）, the theory of social representations （Durkheim） and literature theory （Todorov） and aims to open other avenues of academic research on this topic.

Revise and Statistical Analysis of the Alien Press Errors in History of Chinese Journalism by Ko Kung-chen

Since Ko Kung-chen published History of Chinese Journalism with Shanghai Commercial Press in 1927,this work had been published by different publishing houses and reprinted many times amounting to 18 editions.There are many historical narrative and fact errors of alien press in this work,and up to date these errors are not revised.This essay aims to revise the omitted errors of alien press in History of Chinese Journalism systematically besides those corrected by other works or essays,and carry on the statistical analysis of the errors to probe new approach for the study of alien periodicals and press in China.

阐释:文学史叙述的一种基本动力

面对同一时期的文学历史会有多种不同的文学史著,其主要原因是文学史作者在撰写中所要处理的与文学史相关的问题有多种。这些问题的处理受到文献资料、知识体系、叙事线索以及互文性等的制约。本文运用叙述学的一些基本理念,从阐释性叙述和阐释性结构的角度,探讨文学史的本质和语境,以及文学历史能被不同时代的人不断叙述、再叙述的原因,并提出撰写文学史的主要动力就是在一定认知取向统摄下阐释这些问题的观点。

现代文学史重构之“中间物”——唐弢本《中国现代文学史》与新诗“经典”塑造

新时期初期,唐弢主编的三卷本《中国现代文学史》问世,相比于1950年代编撰出版的文学史著作,它试图重构中国新诗史,其特点是以现实主义为原则,置重文学社团、流派的诗史地位,建构出突出主流兼顾支流的述史框架,绘制群像式诗人图景,赋予郭沫若、艾青以新诗“经典”地位,重评冯至、戴望舒等的诗史贡献,将包括某些“逆流”诗人在内的大批缺席于此前文学史著作的诗人诗作叙写进新的诗史空间。该著策略性地处理政治意识形态话语与诗学话语关系,一定程度地还原某些诗人诗作的真相,具有承前启后的特点,在新时期文学史著作遴选、塑造“经典”过程中,发挥了历史“中间物”的作用。

唯物史观双重叙事特征及其史学价值

一方面唯物史观叙事呈现历史结构性特点,既富有科学精神又贯穿辩证法智慧,与机械历史决定论存在本质区别;另一方面唯物史观叙事呈现历史主体性特点,既富有历史主动精神又强调合规律性合目的性,与英雄史观存在本质区别。唯物史观历史结构性叙事依循真理尺度,有助于我们树立积极向上的世界观和习得具有科学严谨性的方法论;唯物史观历史主体性叙事依循价值尺度,有助于我们把个人命运与民族命运、人民幸福统一起来,在为人民谋幸福、为民族谋复兴的自觉实践中争取历史主动,发扬实干精神;二者辩证统一,有助于提升唯物史观在史学中的话语权,积极构建中国特色的哲学社会科学体系。

教材插图的叙事功能研究--以小学《道德与法治》中年段教材为例

对教材插图的专业使用作出学术阐释与说明,充分发挥教材插图的功能,在教育学生的同时引领公众对图像的正确认知,是图像时代十分迫切的任务。从教育专业的视角出发,统编小学《道德与法治》教材的插图作为教材的基本材料,与文字一样,也承担着生活叙事的功能。具体到中年段的教材,叙事语境之外的图片发挥着装饰的作用;而在图片与文字共同构成的生活事件的语境内,图片在叙事内容的表征、解释和组织上起着不可替代的作用。统编小学《道德与法治》教材中的插图表现出强烈的叙事自觉,而在教材的修订中,可以从增强图片的审美自觉、提高图片选用的道德意识、考虑图文的组织形式三个方面来优化图片的选择和编排。

《文城》与余华的叙事限度

余华最新长篇小说《文城》的出版创造了销量奇观且引发评论界的关注,但销售的火爆与部分批评家吹捧式的评价并不能掩盖余华在叙事上的限度与写作能力衰退的事实。《文城》故事讲述的无计划、无安排与无节制暴露出作者文本组织力的薄弱;缺少人物内心世界的呈现使人物成为性格缺失且毫无生命力的善恶符号;对中国近现代历史叙述的缺位与当下社会现实观照的缺乏更是追问文本内核时不能回避的价值硬伤。余华携《文城》归来不是重回巅峰而是创作能力径直下滑的再次证明。

中国共产党历史叙事的构建、特征与价值

中国共产党的历史叙事实际上是根据唯物史观和一百多年来党的具体实践,对1840年鸦片战争爆发以来至今180多年历史的书写。党的历史叙事内含科学性、政治性和文化性三重意蕴,经历了革命家个人撰史、中央层面集体学史、官方定期修史三个发展阶段,形成了始终坚持大历史观、坚持以人民为中心、坚持问题导向、坚持革命逻辑与现代化逻辑相统一的历史叙事范式。构建党的历史叙事,对明确党史的主题主线、主流本质,对党牢牢掌握意识形态工作的领导权、管理权、话语权,对外讲好中国故事、展现人类文明新形态等发挥着重要现实作用。

证史载道展美:图像叙事的三重功能

图像是人类创造的文化遗迹,也是人类叙事的载体。图像叙事就是通过图像叙说故事,实现穿越时空、还原历史本真之鹄的。基于图像学、考古学和美术学的融合视角,图像不仅是“物”,而是器、道、美的统一,具有特殊的文化意蕴和审美旨归,不同领域的学者皆可利用图像提供的证词发现生活细节和时代特征。首先,图像是无言的见证人,自带“证史功能”;其次,图像是文化的承载者,蕴含“载道功能”;最后,图像是生活中的美品,具有“展美功能”。

中国当代历史文学:面向全球化的新语境

面向“全球化”新语境的历史题材创作不仅在小说、戏剧和影视等方面取得了全面繁荣 ,也为文学反思民族历史、建立全球化的对话关系提供了新的契机。在这一认识背景下召开的“中国现当代历史题材创作”国际学术研讨会 ,突破性地将历史真实与艺术真实、“历史翻案”现象以及历史题材的概念内涵等新旧命题提升到历史观的层面展开广泛争鸣 ;对于影视创作中的庸俗化弊病 ,则提出了精神价值底线的新考量原则 ;从叙事学的角度进入对历史叙事可能性的探讨也别开生面 ;而新批评方法的实验和呼吁则直接针对严重落后于创作的理论批评。所有这些讨论表明 ,全球化不仅仅作为创作背景存在 。

亡灵忆往:唐宋传奇的一种历史观照方式(上)

亡灵忆往是唐宋传奇作家采取的一种独特的观照历史的叙事模式。真实历史人物和虚构人物以鬼神的面貌出现,充当着历史当事人和讲述人的角色。通过生人和亡灵的对话,用零距离叙事切入历史,对历史作出评价和批判,探寻治乱之道,并展开历史抒情,表达伤时怀古的兴亡盛衰之感、身世家国之感。作家的历史目光主要投向乱世,投向妇女,尤其是后妃宫人等,表达了对她们的和王朝命运紧密相连的个人悲剧命运的深切关怀。