All optical method for measuring the carrier envelope phase from half-cycle cutoffs

An all optical method is demonstrated for measuring the carrier-envelope phase （CEP） of few-cycle laser pulses. It is found that, in the few-cycle regime, the high harmonic spectrum generated from asymmetric molecules shows several half-cycle cutoffs that change their positions as the CEP varies. Such half-cycle cutoffs represent the fingerprint of different quantum trajectories and the waveform of the driving pulse. In this case, the CEP can be accurately measured from the half-cycle cutoffs.

Spatial channel characteristics in the outdoor hotspot environment based on wideband MIMO measurements

Wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel measurements were performed at5.25GHz in the hotspot environment in Beijing.The propagation mechanism was line-of-sight and ob-structed-line-of-sight (LOS/OLOS) in the outdoor scenario.Using a large amount of estimated angle ofdeparture (AoD) and angle of arrival (AoA) results,the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of di-rectional spread (DS) are extracted,which illustrate that the spatial dispersion is quite significant at bothends due to the low antenna height of base station and rich scatterers.The average power azimuth spec-trum (PAS) is found to be well fitted with a Laplacian function.In addition,the non-isotropic property ofspatial correlation is investigated,and the average envelop correlation over arbitrary antenna spacing pro-vides the correlation distance to facilitate the MIMO optimization and deployment in the outdoor hotspotenvironment.

Empirical Study on the Measurement of the High-Tech Industry Efficiency in China--Based on the Data of China＇s 31 Provinces （Including Municipalities and Autonomous Regions）

To evaluate the relative effectiveness of the input and output of the high-tech industry in China＇s 31 provinces （including municipalities and autonomous regions）, DEA evaluation model was constructed using data envelopment analysis （DEA）, and DEA evaluation model was solved using Deap2.1 software, for the purpose of obtaining the DEA efficiency and the non-DEA efficiency in all the provinces （including municipalities and autonomous regions）. Then, the comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency, scale efficiency, scale return, and projection analysis were analyzed. Finally, the provinces of the non-DEA efficiency are sorted according to three efficiencies, and also a goal of improvement is proposed for the purpose of expanding technology investment in the provinces of the DEA efficiency.

基于包络学习和分级结构一致性机制的不平衡集成算法

集成方法是不平衡学习方法的重要分支,然而,现有不平衡集成方法均作用于原样本而没考虑样本的结构信息,因此其效能仍然有限.样本的结构信息包括局部和全局结构信息.为了解决上述问题,本文提出了一种基于深度样本包络网络(Deep Instance Envelope Network,DIEN)和分级结构一致性机制(Hierarchical Structure Consistency Mechanism,HSCM)的不平衡集成学习算法.该算法在考虑局部流形和全局结构信息的情况下,通过多层样本聚类,生成高质量的多层包络样本,从而实现类平衡化.首先,算法基于样本近邻拼接和模糊C均值聚类算法,设计DIEN来挖掘样本的结构信息,得到深度包络样本.然后,设计局部流形结构度量和全局结构分布度量来构建HSCM用于增强层间样本的分布一致性.接着,将DIEN和HSCM结合起来,构建出优化后的深度样本包络网络——DH(DIEN with HSCM).之后,将基分类器应用于包络样本.最后,设计bagging集成学习机制来融合基分类器的预测结果.文末组织了多组实验,采用了十多个公共数据集和有代表性的相关算法进行验证比较.实验结果表明,本文算法在AUC(Area Under Curve),F-measure等四个性能指标上显著最优.

基于改进三阶段松弛测量-数据包络模型的火电上市公司碳排放效率评估研究

【目的】计算火电上市公司的碳排放效率,对比分析效率排名居后的原因及排名前列的驱动因素,根据差异性条件对火电公司进行分组,探讨造成效率差异的影响因素。【方法】基于非期望产出的改进三阶段松弛值测量(slackbasedmeasure, SBM)-数据包络分析(data envelopment analysis,DEA)模型评估中国火电上市公司2016—2022年全要素碳排放效率。【结果】火电上市公司的碳排放效率逐年递增,并在剔除外部环境影响后整体下降。增加政府环保补贴可能会引发火电公司资本、人员和煤炭过度投入;增加地区研发投入对公司资产、人员和煤耗量具有积极作用;区域经济水平的提高会促进企业资产优化配置和人员有效管理,但会导致发电煤耗量的浪费。【结论】中央实控、低煤耗率和有碳排放交易的火电上市公司技术差距率更高,整体碳排放效率水平更优。

基于暂态特征参数的数字式非接触负载测量研究

无线能量传输系统暂态过程中的高阶非线性问题是负载测量和辨识的一个难点,在处理由于高阶非线性出现的拍频信号时,现有模拟包络检波方法存在信号易失真、电路灵活性差以及测量范围有限等问题。针对此,提出基于希尔伯特变换的数字包络检波方法。在希尔伯特变换的基础上,设计数字包络检波器,提取电压拍频信号的包络线,并通过仿真和实验对所提方法进行验证,结果表明:对于不同待测负载,该方法均能够准确提取电压拍频包络线,实现负载阻值1~2000Ω范围内误差小于5%的测量。该方法拓宽了基于暂态特征参数的非接触负载测量的范围,为无人机等飞行器电池内阻的测量提供了新思路。

基于数据包络分析的中国污染地块治理绩效评价研究

中国高速的城市化进程产生了大量工业企业搬迁,造成众多污染地块需要治理。中国为治理污染地块耗资巨大,但缺乏相关的绩效评价。筛选了40个典型污染地块治理工程(涉及全国33个区县)进行绩效评价并探究了污染地块治理绩效的影响因素。结果表明:(1)山东省、河北省及湖南省中南部地区的污染地块治理绩效较高,重庆市、湖南省等华中地区及东南沿海地区零星有一些污染地块治理绩效相对较低。(2)地块尺度,资金投入不足、时间投入过短、人员投入过少是影响污染地块治理绩效的重要因素,期望产出方面也仍有很大提升空间,非期望产出方面需要进一步控制污染排放。(3)区县尺度,污染地块治理绩效主要与工业增加值占国内生产总值比例和年末总人口呈显著(p<0.05)正相关,说明经济和人口是主要影响因素。

排污权交易对福建绿色发展效率的影响研究

绿色发展是一种基于传统发展模式的可持续发展的创新模式,提高绿色发展的关键是提高绿色发展效率。为进一步检验排污权交易政策对福建省绿色发展效率的影响,该文首先采用数据包络分析方法的超效率模型测算绿色发展效率,其次将2011-2020年未实际开展排污权交易的省份作为控制组,通过合成控制法分析排污权交易对福建省绿色发展效率的影响情况,并进行了稳健性检验。结果表明:(1)资源配置效率是导致绿色发展效率不均衡的关键因素。(2)福建省排污权交易政策的实施对绿色发展效率呈促进作用,从拟合的结果来看,2015年若未实施排污权交易,其绿色发展效率均值将比实际值有所下降。

超声穿透式测温传感器设计与系统实验研究

针对目前国内缺乏1200℃以上长时间超高温气体环境下有效的温度测试手段,基于超声脉冲穿透测温原理,通过设计均匀分布的平面八元圆环温度传感器阵列,成功研制出一种高效的温度场检测系统。依据波速V与气体温度T之间的经验函数,利用高温实验获得了各传感器性能数据。实验结果表明:该系统在1200℃高温环境下测量精度达到了97.98%,重复性95.52%以上,响应时间毫秒(ms)级别,符合设计要求。

基于自适应极值的白光干涉信号解调算法研究

针对传统时域解调算法等光程点定位稳定性差、抗干扰能力弱,而频域解调算法效率低且部分方法受扫描采样步长限制等问题,课题组提出一种基于自适应极值的白光干涉解调算法。从干涉信号统计学规律出发,通过对干涉信号包络曲线加权平均,将它修正为高斯型包络曲线;然后,通过对包络曲线高斯拟合插值得到等光程点,进而得到测量方向的深度信息以及三维形貌;最后,以高度为20μm标准台阶样块为测量对象进行多次实验。结果表明:与传统算法相比,课题组所提出算法的测量重复性和精度均有显著提升。该算法为白光干涉中信号解调提供了一种重复性更好、误差更小的方法。

高品质住宅地下建筑防潮问题的防治措施

夏季潮湿地区的地下建筑普遍存在墙体内表面结露、长毛发霉和地面潮湿等现象,如果长期处于潮湿的环境中,会相应缩短建筑物及其存放物的使用寿命,且滋生霉菌危害人体健康。因而地下建筑长毛发霉积水的问题亟待改善和解决。本工作通过对地下建筑墙体内表面结露、长毛发霉和地面潮湿等现象的产生机理分析,建立了地下建筑围护结构的数学模型,通过分析影响围护结构导热量的关键因素并对比改善方案,提出了一种基于提高地下建筑墙体内表面温度的防治措施,避免了出现夏季结露引起潮湿长毛的现象。本研究成果可为现有地下建筑防结露改造等工程实施提供技术指导,同时也可为新建建筑的防结露围护结构研究提供理论参考。

既有建筑外墙保温系统性能检测与改造措施研究

随着城市发展,能耗问题、建筑围护结构安全问题日益严重,寒冷地区既有建筑的外墙外保温系统性能检测与改造成为提升建筑能效、改善室内热环境的重要课题。因此,以既有建筑为研究对象,综述了近年来关于既有建筑外墙外保温系统的研究现状,重点探讨了保温系统性能检测的方法、现状评估、案例分析以及改造措施的实施与效果。通过对多个案例的深入分析,提出了针对寒冷地区既有建筑外墙外保温系统的改造措施意见,为相关领域的实践与研究提供参考。

Time-resolved measurement technique for pulsed electron beam envelope basing on framing and streaking principle

The time-resolved electron beam envelope parameters, including cross sectional distribution and beam centroid position, are very important for the study of beam transmission characteristics in a magnetic field and for verifying the rationality of the magnetic field parameters employed. One kind of high time-resolved beam envelope measurement system has recently been developed, constituted of a high-speed framing camera and a streak camera. It can obtain three panoramic images of the beam and time continuous information along the given beam profile simultaneously. Recently obtained data has proved that several fast vibrations of the beam envelope along the diameter direction occur during the front and the tail parts of the electron beam. The vibration period is several nanoseconds. The effect of magnetic field on the electron beam is also observed and verified. Beam debugging experiments have proved that the existing beam transmission design is reasonable and viable. This beam envelope measurement system will establish a good foundation for beam physics research.

A New Approach for Ranking Efficient Units in Data Envelopment Analysis and Application to a Sample of Vietnamese Agricultural Bank Branches

This paper proposes a new approach for ranking efficiency units in data envelopment analysis as a modification of the super-efficiency models developed by Tone [1]. The new approach based on slacks-based measure of efficiency (SBM) for dealing with objective function used to classify all of the decision-making units allows the ranking of all inefficient DMUs and overcomes the disadvantages of infeasibility. This method also is applied to rank super-efficient scores for the sample of 145 agricultural bank branches in Viet Nam during 2007-2010. We then compare the estimated results from the new SCI model and the exsisting SBM model by using some statistical tests.

Closed-loop fault detection for full-envelope flight vehicle with measurement delays

Abstract A closed-loop fault detection problem is investigated for the full-envelope flight vehicle with measurement delays, where the flight dynamics are modeled as a switched system with delayed feedback signals. The mode-dependent observer-based fault detection filters and state estimation feedback controllers are derived by considering the delays＇ impact on the control system and fault detection system simultaneously. Then, considering updating lags of the controllers/filters＇ switching signals which are introduced by the delayed measurement of altitude and Mach number, an asynchronous H analysis method is proposed and the system model is further augmented to be an asynchronously switched time-delay system. Also, the global stability and desired performance of the augmented system are guaranteed by combining the switched delay-dependent Lyapunov Krasovskii functional method with the average dwell time method （ADT）, and the delaydependent existing conditions for the controllers and fault detection filters are obtained in the form of the linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）, Finally, numerical example based on the hypersonic vehicles and highly maneuverable technology （HiMAT） vehicle is given to demonstrate the merits of the proposed method.

Performance Assessment of European Football Teams： Using Stochastic Data Envelopment Analysis Model

Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） is a powerful mathematical optimization method widely used for measuring, evaluating and improving the performance of Decision Making Units （DMUs）. These used in the various forms, such as hospitals, government agencies, educational institutions, air force, bank branches, business finns, sport teams and even people including the performance of countries, regions, etc. Recently DEA has been extended to examine the performance through the different sport types. In this paper, a Stochastic Input Oriented Data Envelopment Analysis （SIODEA） Model is conducted for measuring and evaluating the relative efficiency scores of football teams selected from different European countries during 2014/2015 season each with some of inputs are stochastic with normally distributed and recent inputs are deterministic and outputs, to shed light on the professional football teams performance.

基于二阶段DEA模型的中国跨境电子商务标准国际化效率测度研究——以苏宁易购为例

【目的/意义】在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指导下,电子商务企业提升标准国际化效率对中国发展跨境电子商务和数字贸易具有重要的战略意义。【方法/设计】从电商企业标准技术研发投入与国际化经营成果产出的视角,提出了电商标准国际化效率评价指标体系,并构建了两阶段数据包络分析BCC模型测度电商企业标准技术研发效率和国际化成果转化效率。【结论/发现】研究结果表明,苏宁易购在标准国际化效率提升过程中存在研发经费和研发人员配置冗余的现象,应有针对性提升标准技术研发效率和国际化成果转化效率,通过积极探索国际标准追赶路径和推进机制,实现电子商务企业高质量发展。

水力机械轴摆度测量与分析的研究

水力机械轴摆度的测量广泛应用于机组盘车、检查机组轴线安装质量、机组运行稳定性评价,轴摆度信号过大会导致机组故障停机等严重后果。本文从测量水力机组轴摆度电涡流位移传感器量程选择、安装布置、信号分析等方面论证了安装环节对测量结果的影响,给出了针对不同轴径传感器选择原则和允许的轴线与传感器感应面之间安装角度;提出了测量部位轴断面不圆度信号与轴摆度信息分离检测的分析方法、轴摆度合成轴心轨迹平面参数分析方法和轴心轨迹特征值计算方法,解决了轴不圆度与轴摆度信息混淆、轴摆度合成轴心轨迹特征值分析等问题,为水力机械轴摆度的测量与分析提供参考。

提升路面抗滑性能预测效能的包络轮廓计算方法

为提升路面抗滑性能预测效能,对胎-路接触包络轮廓计算法Indentor法中的控制参数S进行修正.用光面橡胶片替代橡胶胎面,用三维扫描结合3D打印复制出具有路面形貌特性的44个试件,用多功能试验机和自主设计的夹具提供荷载;根据嵌入深度指标接近性原则,在不同接触条件下,以留色法测试结果标定控制参数S,探讨标定前后S对路面纹理-抗滑性能的影响.结果表明:橡胶硬度为HSA55,荷载为0.18、0.35、0.53、0.71 MPa时,S分别取20、30、45、55 mm^(2)可使Indentor法与留色法所得嵌入深度接近;而橡胶硬度为HSA68,荷载为0.53 MPa时,S取25 mm^(2)可使2种方法结果相当.以留色法标定Indentor法中参数S后,应用包络轮廓可显著提升路面纹理与抗滑性能间的关联.

旋转式能量回收装置转速测量方法研究

海水淡化旋转式能量回收装置的转子转速最能直接体现装置的运转状态,但转子被外筒体完全包裹,转子转速无法直接测量。为此,对旋转式能量回收装置振动频率与转子转频进行了分析,提出了一种基于振动信号的旋转式能量回收装置转子转速测量方法。首先,通过实验采集了不同流量下装置的振动和转速数据,并且对装置振动频率与转子转频进行了分析,发现了装置振动主要频率与转子8倍转频有良好的对应关系,建立了振动主频与转子转频的关系式;然后,在此基础上研究了从振动信号中获取转频信息的信号处理与转频计算方法,包括使用小波变换消除振动信号中的基线漂移,利用包络法进行了信号解调以凸显转频信息,为了准确地计算旋转式能量回收装置转子的转速,通过振动能量估计了转频的范围;最后,为了对该转速测量方法的准确性进行验证,在实验平台上对其进行了实验。研究结果表明:在装置平稳运转状态下,该方法测量转速最大误差率为2.55%,在非平稳运转状态下的最大误差率为4.58%,能够满足在线、准确地测量旋转式能量回收装置转子转速的要求。