Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease,the most common cerebrovascular disease.Howeve r,the causal relationship between hypertension a...Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease,the most common cerebrovascular disease.Howeve r,the causal relationship between hypertension and cerebral small vessel disease remains unclear.Hypertension has substantial negative impacts on brain health and is recognized as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease.Chronic hypertension and lifestyle factors are associated with risks for stro ke and dementia,and cerebral small vessel disease can cause dementia and stroke.Hypertension is the main driver of cerebral small vessel disease,which changes the structure and function of cerebral vessels via various mechanisms and leads to lacunar infarction,leukoaraiosis,white matter lesions,and intracerebral hemorrhage,ultimately res ulting in cognitive decline and demonstrating that the brain is the to rget organ of hypertension.This review updates our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertensioninduced cerebral small vessel disease and the res ulting changes in brain structure and function and declines in cognitive ability.We also discuss drugs to treat cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.展开更多
目的探讨近期皮质下小梗死(RSSI)患者颅内深髓静脉(DMV)可见性与不同区域血管周围间隙扩大(EPVS)及认知功能的相关性。方法回顾性连续纳入南京医科大学附属常州市第二人民医院神经内科自2022年10月至2023年10月收治的RSSI患者,所有患者...目的探讨近期皮质下小梗死(RSSI)患者颅内深髓静脉(DMV)可见性与不同区域血管周围间隙扩大(EPVS)及认知功能的相关性。方法回顾性连续纳入南京医科大学附属常州市第二人民医院神经内科自2022年10月至2023年10月收治的RSSI患者,所有患者入院后3 d内完成MR的常规及磁敏感加权成像(SWI)序列扫描。所有RSSI患者发病7 d内进行蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表评分。对所有患者基底节区(BG)和半卵圆中心区的EPVS进行分级评估和体积测量,使用DMV视觉评分对患者SWI幅度图或最小强度投影图上的DMV可见性进行评估,并将患者分为可见性较高的DMV低-中分组(评分0~12分,104例)及可见性较低的DMV高分组(评分13~18分,47例),采用单因素分析比较两组患者的临床和影像学资料,采用多因素Logistic回归和Spearman相关分析方法分析DMV可见性与BG-EPVS分级及体积的关系以及其与患者认知功能的关系。结果共纳入RSSI患者151例,平均年龄(69±10)岁,其中男92例(60.9%),女59例(39.1%)。DMV高分组RSSI患者的年龄[(76±5)岁比(65±10)岁,t=-10.875]、高血压病患者比例[78.7%(37/47)比54.8%(57/104),χ^(2)=7.879]、BG-EPVS分级、BG-EPVS体积[5.67(5.30,5.81)ln mm 3比4.61(3.66,5.30)ln mm 3,Z=-6.772]、脑白质高信号体积[7.67(6.23,8.43)ln mm 3比4.31(3.53,5.89)ln mm 3,Z=-6.501]均明显高于DMV低-中分组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。DMV高分组RSSI患者的总胆固醇[3.74(3.20,4.39)mmol/L比4.09(3.47,4.96)mmol/L,Z=-2.082]、三酰甘油[1.20(0.78,1.86)mmol/L比1.53(1.05,1.99)mmol/L,Z=-2.343]、MoCA量表评分[21.0(20.0,22.0)分比24.0(22.0,25.0)分,Z=-9.862]均低于DMV低-中分组(均P<0.05)。其余基线资料差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,较高的年龄(OR=1.181,95%CI:1.070~1.304,P=0.001)、中重度BG-EPVS(OR=2.441,95%CI:1.186~5.024,P=0.015)、较高的BG-EPVS体积(OR=4.987,95%CI:1.218~19.350,P=0.020)和较高的WMH体积(OR=1.285,95%CI:1.044~1.582,P=0.018)与较高的DMV评分相关。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,DMV评分与RSSI患者的BG-EPVS分级呈正相关(r=0.613,P<0.01),与BG-EPVS体积呈正相关(r=0.549,P<0.01),与RSSI患者的MoCA量表评分呈负相关(r=-0.449,P<0.01)。结论年龄、BG-EPVS分级、BG-EPVS体积和WMH体积与RSSI患者的DMV可见性相关;RSSI患者DMV的可见性越差,认知功能损伤越严重。展开更多
脑小血管疾病(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)的部分患者会出现认知功能下降并可能进展为痴呆,严重降低患者的生活质量。目前关于CSVD影像学标志物与认知功能障碍的相关性研究表明,脑白质高信号、血管周围间隙扩大、脑微出血、腔...脑小血管疾病(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)的部分患者会出现认知功能下降并可能进展为痴呆,严重降低患者的生活质量。目前关于CSVD影像学标志物与认知功能障碍的相关性研究表明,脑白质高信号、血管周围间隙扩大、脑微出血、腔隙性脑梗死的分布位置、严重程度对各认知域产生不同影响,CSVD导致的认知功能障碍可能与炎症因子间接影响和脑组织纤维束破坏等机制相关。但CSVD影像学标志物与认知功能的关系及其相关机制还需要更进一步研究加以验证。展开更多
In nonstandard enlargement, the separations are characterized by non- standard analysis methods in [0, 1J-topological spaces. Firstly, the monads of fuzzy point in [0, 1]-topological spaces are described with remote-n...In nonstandard enlargement, the separations are characterized by non- standard analysis methods in [0, 1J-topological spaces. Firstly, the monads of fuzzy point in [0, 1]-topological spaces are described with remote-neighborhoods in non- standard enlarged model. Then the nonstandard characterizations of separations in [0, 1]-topological space are given by the monads. At last, relations of these separations are investigated.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82274611 (to LZ),82104419 (to DM)Capital Science and Technology Leading Talent Training Project,No.Z1 91100006119017 (to LZ)+3 种基金Beijing Hospitals Authority Ascent Plan,No.DFL20190803 (to LZ)Cultivation Fund of Hospital Management Center in Beijing,No.PZ2022006 (to DM)R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,No.KM202210025017 (to DM)Beijing Gold-Bridge Project,No.ZZ20145 (to DM)。
文摘Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease,the most common cerebrovascular disease.Howeve r,the causal relationship between hypertension and cerebral small vessel disease remains unclear.Hypertension has substantial negative impacts on brain health and is recognized as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease.Chronic hypertension and lifestyle factors are associated with risks for stro ke and dementia,and cerebral small vessel disease can cause dementia and stroke.Hypertension is the main driver of cerebral small vessel disease,which changes the structure and function of cerebral vessels via various mechanisms and leads to lacunar infarction,leukoaraiosis,white matter lesions,and intracerebral hemorrhage,ultimately res ulting in cognitive decline and demonstrating that the brain is the to rget organ of hypertension.This review updates our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertensioninduced cerebral small vessel disease and the res ulting changes in brain structure and function and declines in cognitive ability.We also discuss drugs to treat cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.
文摘目的探讨近期皮质下小梗死(RSSI)患者颅内深髓静脉(DMV)可见性与不同区域血管周围间隙扩大(EPVS)及认知功能的相关性。方法回顾性连续纳入南京医科大学附属常州市第二人民医院神经内科自2022年10月至2023年10月收治的RSSI患者,所有患者入院后3 d内完成MR的常规及磁敏感加权成像(SWI)序列扫描。所有RSSI患者发病7 d内进行蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表评分。对所有患者基底节区(BG)和半卵圆中心区的EPVS进行分级评估和体积测量,使用DMV视觉评分对患者SWI幅度图或最小强度投影图上的DMV可见性进行评估,并将患者分为可见性较高的DMV低-中分组(评分0~12分,104例)及可见性较低的DMV高分组(评分13~18分,47例),采用单因素分析比较两组患者的临床和影像学资料,采用多因素Logistic回归和Spearman相关分析方法分析DMV可见性与BG-EPVS分级及体积的关系以及其与患者认知功能的关系。结果共纳入RSSI患者151例,平均年龄(69±10)岁,其中男92例(60.9%),女59例(39.1%)。DMV高分组RSSI患者的年龄[(76±5)岁比(65±10)岁,t=-10.875]、高血压病患者比例[78.7%(37/47)比54.8%(57/104),χ^(2)=7.879]、BG-EPVS分级、BG-EPVS体积[5.67(5.30,5.81)ln mm 3比4.61(3.66,5.30)ln mm 3,Z=-6.772]、脑白质高信号体积[7.67(6.23,8.43)ln mm 3比4.31(3.53,5.89)ln mm 3,Z=-6.501]均明显高于DMV低-中分组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。DMV高分组RSSI患者的总胆固醇[3.74(3.20,4.39)mmol/L比4.09(3.47,4.96)mmol/L,Z=-2.082]、三酰甘油[1.20(0.78,1.86)mmol/L比1.53(1.05,1.99)mmol/L,Z=-2.343]、MoCA量表评分[21.0(20.0,22.0)分比24.0(22.0,25.0)分,Z=-9.862]均低于DMV低-中分组(均P<0.05)。其余基线资料差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,较高的年龄(OR=1.181,95%CI:1.070~1.304,P=0.001)、中重度BG-EPVS(OR=2.441,95%CI:1.186~5.024,P=0.015)、较高的BG-EPVS体积(OR=4.987,95%CI:1.218~19.350,P=0.020)和较高的WMH体积(OR=1.285,95%CI:1.044~1.582,P=0.018)与较高的DMV评分相关。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,DMV评分与RSSI患者的BG-EPVS分级呈正相关(r=0.613,P<0.01),与BG-EPVS体积呈正相关(r=0.549,P<0.01),与RSSI患者的MoCA量表评分呈负相关(r=-0.449,P<0.01)。结论年龄、BG-EPVS分级、BG-EPVS体积和WMH体积与RSSI患者的DMV可见性相关;RSSI患者DMV的可见性越差,认知功能损伤越严重。
文摘脑小血管疾病(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)的部分患者会出现认知功能下降并可能进展为痴呆,严重降低患者的生活质量。目前关于CSVD影像学标志物与认知功能障碍的相关性研究表明,脑白质高信号、血管周围间隙扩大、脑微出血、腔隙性脑梗死的分布位置、严重程度对各认知域产生不同影响,CSVD导致的认知功能障碍可能与炎症因子间接影响和脑组织纤维束破坏等机制相关。但CSVD影像学标志物与认知功能的关系及其相关机制还需要更进一步研究加以验证。
基金The NSF (2007A12) of Shaanxi Provincethe Special Science Research Project (11JK0507) of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Edueation
文摘In nonstandard enlargement, the separations are characterized by non- standard analysis methods in [0, 1J-topological spaces. Firstly, the monads of fuzzy point in [0, 1]-topological spaces are described with remote-neighborhoods in non- standard enlarged model. Then the nonstandard characterizations of separations in [0, 1]-topological space are given by the monads. At last, relations of these separations are investigated.