Objective To observe changes of plain MR T1WI signal intensity of dentate nucleus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy and multiple times of intravenous injection of gadolinium-based contrast agent(...Objective To observe changes of plain MR T1WI signal intensity of dentate nucleus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy and multiple times of intravenous injection of gadolinium-based contrast agent(GBCA).Methods Fifty patients with pathologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma and received intensity-modulated radiotherapy were retrospectively enrolled as the nasopharyngeal carcinoma group,and 50 patients with other malignant tumors and without history of brain radiotherapy were retrospectively enrolled as the control group.All patients received yearly GBCA enhanced MR examinations for the nasopharynx or the head.T1WI signal intensities of the dentate nucleus and the pons on same plane were measured based on images in the year of confirmed diagnosis(recorded as the first year)and in the second to the fifth years.T1WI signal intensity ratio of year i(ranging from 1 to 5)was calculated with values of dentate nucleus divided by values of the pons(ΔSI i),while the percentage of relative changes of year j(ranging from 2 to 5)was calculated withΔSI j compared toΔSI 1(Rchange j).The values of these two parameters were compared,and the correlation ofΔSI and GBCA injection year-time was evaluated within each group.Results No significant difference of gender,age norΔSI 1 was found between groups(all P>0.05).The second to the fifth yearΔSI and Rchange in nasopharyngeal carcinoma group were all higher than those in control group(all P<0.05).Within both groups,ΔSI was positively correlated with GBCA injection year-time(both P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who underwent radiotherapy and multiple times of intravenous injection of GBCA tended to be found with gradually worsening GBCA deposition in dentate nucleus,for which radiotherapy might be a risk factor.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicities of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy （SMART） and concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS Eightyseven pa...OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicities of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy （SMART） and concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS Eightyseven patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma received SMART from April 2002 to September 2006. According to the UICC staging system, 30 patients were diagnosed as stage IIb, 42 patients stage III, 13 patients stage IVa and 2 patients stage IVb. The intensitymodulated radiotherapy was delivered with the ＂step and shoot＂ SMART technique with the prescribed dose of 66-76 Gy （2.2-2.4 Gy/day） to the gross tumor volume （GTV） and positive neck lymph nodes （GTVLN）, with 60 Gy （2.0 Gy/day） to the highrisk clinical target volume （CTV1）, encompassing the area around the nasopharynx and the upper neck, and with 54 Gy （1.8 Gy/day） to the lowrisk clinical target volume （CTV2）, including the lower neck and supraclavicular area. Among all the patients, 31 received 2 cycles of SMART concurrently with 5 fluorouracil （5-Fu） and cisplatin （the FP group） and 56 received 2 cycles of concurrent cisplatin. All the patients received 3 to 4 cycles of adjuvant combination chemotherapy of cisplatin and 5fluorouracil starting from the 1st month after completion of SMART. RESULTS With a median follow up of 59 months （ranging from 19 to 85 months）, the 1, 2 and 3year overall survival rates were 100%, 94.6% and 91.3% respectively. Acute mucositis and pharyngitis were more frequently observed in the FP group than in the cisplatin group. CONCLUSION SMART technique provides an excellent opportunity to spare normal tissue and is probably more biologically effective. Combination of single cisplatin was more tolerable.展开更多
Objective： To compare the efficacy between stereotactic radiotherapy （SRT） and intracavitary brachytherapy （brachytherapy） in residual tumor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） after treating with conventional ex...Objective： To compare the efficacy between stereotactic radiotherapy （SRT） and intracavitary brachytherapy （brachytherapy） in residual tumor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） after treating with conventional external beam radiotherapy. Methods： 60 patients with residual tumor of NPC after radical external beam radiotherapy （range 68 to 72 Gy） were randomized into SRT group （27 patients） and brachytherapy group （33 patients）. Patients in SRT group received boost treatment of 10-20 Gy, 2-3 fractions, once every other day; patients in brachytherapy group were treated with boost 10-20 Gy, 5 Gy per fraction, twice a week. Results： Efficacy in the near future： in SRT group, the complete recession （CR）, partial recession （PR） and no change （NC） rates were 77.8% （21/27）, 18.5% （5/27）, 3.7% （1/27）, respectively and the efficacy rate was 96.3% （CR ＋ PR）; in brachytherapy group： the CR, PR and NC rates were 75.8% （25/33）, 18.2% （6/33）, 6.1% （2/33）, respectively and the efficacy rate was 93.9% （CR ＋ PR）. The efficacy rates of the above two groups were compared （x^2 = 0.032, P 〉 0.05）. Long term efficacy： in SRT group, 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 96.3%, 66.5% respectively and the median live time was 48 months; in brachytherapy group： 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 93.9%, 60.2% respectively and the median live time was 46 months. The survival rates of two groups were compared （x^2 = 0.172, P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： Both boost techniques of SRT and brachytherapy had elevated efficacy in patients with residual tumor of NPC and there was no obvious difference between the efficacy of the near and long term in SRT and brachytherapy group.展开更多
Objective： The aim of this study is to establish the methods of four facio-cervical fields＇ conformal radiotherapy （4F-CRT） for nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）, and to optimize the methods for clinical practice. ...Objective： The aim of this study is to establish the methods of four facio-cervical fields＇ conformal radiotherapy （4F-CRT） for nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）, and to optimize the methods for clinical practice. Methods and Materials： 40 patients with untreated NPC of T1-T4 （1997AJCC Staging System） were rolled into this study. Conventional and four ratio-cervical fields conform plans were designed for each patient using Pinnacle 8.0 three-dimension treatment planning system （3D-TPS）： 1） Improved plan, four ratio-cervical fields＇conform plans, anterior, posterior ratio-cervical and 2 lateral opposing facio-eervical fields; 2） Conventional plan, two lateral opposing facio-cervical fields only with the same dose delivered to the target in each plan, close volume histograms （DVHs） of the targets and normal organs, brain stem, spinal cord, parotid glands, and temporal mandibular joints （TMJs） were compared and the dose distribution were evaluated. Results： 1） The dose distribution of the improved plan could meet the requirements for the target volume. 2） There was not any significant difference in the dose of spinal cord between the two plans. The mean doses of Dmax for brain stem in conventional plan were much lower than those in the improved plan, though both were within safety limits. 3） Compared with the conventional plans, the improved plan significantly decreased the hotspot areas in the target volume and had better parotid glands and temporal mandibular joints sparing effect. Conclusion： Compared with the conventional plan, the improved plan provides satisfactory dose coverage to the tumor volume and better sparing of the parotid gland, TMJs and other normal tissues in external beam radiotherapy of NPC.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3-D CRT) for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: From April 1998 to March 2000, 34 patien...Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3-D CRT) for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: From April 1998 to March 2000, 34 patients who had undergone previous external beam radiation therapy were retreated with 3-D CRT for locally recurrent NPC (33 poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, 1 adenoma). The patients were re-staged according to Huaqing staging system with the following distribution: T1N0M0 in 5 cases, T2N0M0 in 11 cases, T3N0M0 in 12 cases, T4N0M0 in 6 cases. The maximal dimension of the gross tumor volume (GTV) ranged from 1.0 cm to 5.0 cm (median: 2.9 cm). CT simulation and 3-D planning were used to ensure full and conformal coverage of the planning target volume (PTV) by treated volume, while minimizing the absorbed dose of the adjacent normal tissue. 5–7 static conformal coplanar or noncoplanar portals were delivered for each fraction irradiation. The total dose delivered ranged from 65–70 Gy, with 2.5 Gy per fractionation, one fractionation per day, 5 days a week. Median follow-up time from 3-D CRT was 25 months (range: 12–36 months). Results: Over the follow-up period, local recurrence was observed in 3 patients, regional failure in 3, distant metastasis in 3, and six patients died; 88.2% (30/34) of the patient maintained local control, 82.4% (28/34) survived, and 76.5% (26/34) survived with no evidence of tumor. Acute complications were minor and few. The overall incidence of late complication was 20.6% (7/34), and severe complication was 14.7% (5/34), after re-irradiation with 3-D CRT. Conclusion: 3-D CRT is safety and effectiveness for most of the patients with locally recurrent NPC. Our preliminary results indicate a high local control rate and a low complication rate. The long-term curative effect and sequelae await further study.展开更多
文摘Objective To observe changes of plain MR T1WI signal intensity of dentate nucleus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy and multiple times of intravenous injection of gadolinium-based contrast agent(GBCA).Methods Fifty patients with pathologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma and received intensity-modulated radiotherapy were retrospectively enrolled as the nasopharyngeal carcinoma group,and 50 patients with other malignant tumors and without history of brain radiotherapy were retrospectively enrolled as the control group.All patients received yearly GBCA enhanced MR examinations for the nasopharynx or the head.T1WI signal intensities of the dentate nucleus and the pons on same plane were measured based on images in the year of confirmed diagnosis(recorded as the first year)and in the second to the fifth years.T1WI signal intensity ratio of year i(ranging from 1 to 5)was calculated with values of dentate nucleus divided by values of the pons(ΔSI i),while the percentage of relative changes of year j(ranging from 2 to 5)was calculated withΔSI j compared toΔSI 1(Rchange j).The values of these two parameters were compared,and the correlation ofΔSI and GBCA injection year-time was evaluated within each group.Results No significant difference of gender,age norΔSI 1 was found between groups(all P>0.05).The second to the fifth yearΔSI and Rchange in nasopharyngeal carcinoma group were all higher than those in control group(all P<0.05).Within both groups,ΔSI was positively correlated with GBCA injection year-time(both P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who underwent radiotherapy and multiple times of intravenous injection of GBCA tended to be found with gradually worsening GBCA deposition in dentate nucleus,for which radiotherapy might be a risk factor.
文摘OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicities of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy （SMART） and concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS Eightyseven patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma received SMART from April 2002 to September 2006. According to the UICC staging system, 30 patients were diagnosed as stage IIb, 42 patients stage III, 13 patients stage IVa and 2 patients stage IVb. The intensitymodulated radiotherapy was delivered with the ＂step and shoot＂ SMART technique with the prescribed dose of 66-76 Gy （2.2-2.4 Gy/day） to the gross tumor volume （GTV） and positive neck lymph nodes （GTVLN）, with 60 Gy （2.0 Gy/day） to the highrisk clinical target volume （CTV1）, encompassing the area around the nasopharynx and the upper neck, and with 54 Gy （1.8 Gy/day） to the lowrisk clinical target volume （CTV2）, including the lower neck and supraclavicular area. Among all the patients, 31 received 2 cycles of SMART concurrently with 5 fluorouracil （5-Fu） and cisplatin （the FP group） and 56 received 2 cycles of concurrent cisplatin. All the patients received 3 to 4 cycles of adjuvant combination chemotherapy of cisplatin and 5fluorouracil starting from the 1st month after completion of SMART. RESULTS With a median follow up of 59 months （ranging from 19 to 85 months）, the 1, 2 and 3year overall survival rates were 100%, 94.6% and 91.3% respectively. Acute mucositis and pharyngitis were more frequently observed in the FP group than in the cisplatin group. CONCLUSION SMART technique provides an excellent opportunity to spare normal tissue and is probably more biologically effective. Combination of single cisplatin was more tolerable.
文摘Objective： To compare the efficacy between stereotactic radiotherapy （SRT） and intracavitary brachytherapy （brachytherapy） in residual tumor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） after treating with conventional external beam radiotherapy. Methods： 60 patients with residual tumor of NPC after radical external beam radiotherapy （range 68 to 72 Gy） were randomized into SRT group （27 patients） and brachytherapy group （33 patients）. Patients in SRT group received boost treatment of 10-20 Gy, 2-3 fractions, once every other day; patients in brachytherapy group were treated with boost 10-20 Gy, 5 Gy per fraction, twice a week. Results： Efficacy in the near future： in SRT group, the complete recession （CR）, partial recession （PR） and no change （NC） rates were 77.8% （21/27）, 18.5% （5/27）, 3.7% （1/27）, respectively and the efficacy rate was 96.3% （CR ＋ PR）; in brachytherapy group： the CR, PR and NC rates were 75.8% （25/33）, 18.2% （6/33）, 6.1% （2/33）, respectively and the efficacy rate was 93.9% （CR ＋ PR）. The efficacy rates of the above two groups were compared （x^2 = 0.032, P 〉 0.05）. Long term efficacy： in SRT group, 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 96.3%, 66.5% respectively and the median live time was 48 months; in brachytherapy group： 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 93.9%, 60.2% respectively and the median live time was 46 months. The survival rates of two groups were compared （x^2 = 0.172, P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： Both boost techniques of SRT and brachytherapy had elevated efficacy in patients with residual tumor of NPC and there was no obvious difference between the efficacy of the near and long term in SRT and brachytherapy group.
文摘Objective： The aim of this study is to establish the methods of four facio-cervical fields＇ conformal radiotherapy （4F-CRT） for nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）, and to optimize the methods for clinical practice. Methods and Materials： 40 patients with untreated NPC of T1-T4 （1997AJCC Staging System） were rolled into this study. Conventional and four ratio-cervical fields conform plans were designed for each patient using Pinnacle 8.0 three-dimension treatment planning system （3D-TPS）： 1） Improved plan, four ratio-cervical fields＇conform plans, anterior, posterior ratio-cervical and 2 lateral opposing facio-eervical fields; 2） Conventional plan, two lateral opposing facio-cervical fields only with the same dose delivered to the target in each plan, close volume histograms （DVHs） of the targets and normal organs, brain stem, spinal cord, parotid glands, and temporal mandibular joints （TMJs） were compared and the dose distribution were evaluated. Results： 1） The dose distribution of the improved plan could meet the requirements for the target volume. 2） There was not any significant difference in the dose of spinal cord between the two plans. The mean doses of Dmax for brain stem in conventional plan were much lower than those in the improved plan, though both were within safety limits. 3） Compared with the conventional plans, the improved plan significantly decreased the hotspot areas in the target volume and had better parotid glands and temporal mandibular joints sparing effect. Conclusion： Compared with the conventional plan, the improved plan provides satisfactory dose coverage to the tumor volume and better sparing of the parotid gland, TMJs and other normal tissues in external beam radiotherapy of NPC.
文摘Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3-D CRT) for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: From April 1998 to March 2000, 34 patients who had undergone previous external beam radiation therapy were retreated with 3-D CRT for locally recurrent NPC (33 poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, 1 adenoma). The patients were re-staged according to Huaqing staging system with the following distribution: T1N0M0 in 5 cases, T2N0M0 in 11 cases, T3N0M0 in 12 cases, T4N0M0 in 6 cases. The maximal dimension of the gross tumor volume (GTV) ranged from 1.0 cm to 5.0 cm (median: 2.9 cm). CT simulation and 3-D planning were used to ensure full and conformal coverage of the planning target volume (PTV) by treated volume, while minimizing the absorbed dose of the adjacent normal tissue. 5–7 static conformal coplanar or noncoplanar portals were delivered for each fraction irradiation. The total dose delivered ranged from 65–70 Gy, with 2.5 Gy per fractionation, one fractionation per day, 5 days a week. Median follow-up time from 3-D CRT was 25 months (range: 12–36 months). Results: Over the follow-up period, local recurrence was observed in 3 patients, regional failure in 3, distant metastasis in 3, and six patients died; 88.2% (30/34) of the patient maintained local control, 82.4% (28/34) survived, and 76.5% (26/34) survived with no evidence of tumor. Acute complications were minor and few. The overall incidence of late complication was 20.6% (7/34), and severe complication was 14.7% (5/34), after re-irradiation with 3-D CRT. Conclusion: 3-D CRT is safety and effectiveness for most of the patients with locally recurrent NPC. Our preliminary results indicate a high local control rate and a low complication rate. The long-term curative effect and sequelae await further study.
