Early drinking is considered to result in making tolerant of alcohol consumption and a higher prevalence of alcohol related disorders in the later. We focused generational impacts on drinking rate among high school st...Early drinking is considered to result in making tolerant of alcohol consumption and a higher prevalence of alcohol related disorders in the later. We focused generational impacts on drinking rate among high school students based on multiple nationwide data. The surveys were nationwide, cross-sectional random sampling surveys given every 4 years from the Japanese Youth Tobacco and Alcohol Surveys, 1996 to 2008. Participants were male 53,925 high school students from 7th grade to 11th grade. We divided to the three follow-up groups every 4 years from 1996 to 2004 for male junior high school students in 7th grades and the end periods were 4 years later in 11th grades. Outcome measures in this study were life time drinking, current drinking within 30 days and weekly drinking. All drinking rates decreased each at 7th and at 11th grade. The increments in these drinking rates from 7th grade to 11th grade in males decreased gradually in recent follow-up groups. Generational impacts should be considered by using follow-up groups to study drinking behaviors among students.展开更多
In order to expand the introduction amount of renewable energy,it is necessary to solve various problems such as suppression of output fluctuation,cost of power supply compensator for reducing output fluctuation,and l...In order to expand the introduction amount of renewable energy,it is necessary to solve various problems such as suppression of output fluctuation,cost of power supply compensator for reducing output fluctuation,and lack of transmission capacity.On the other hand,it is known that output fluctuation of renewable energy is leveled by interconnecting renewable energy dispersedly arranged in a wide area.Therefore,it is possible to reduce the cost of the system by optimally distributing and linking the renewable energy to a wide area.Therefore,in this study,we developed computer algorithms to optimize the location and introduction amount of renewable energy that will conduct wide area interconnections based on actual transmission network equipment.The target of the analysis was the Hokkaido area in Japan with extensive land and abundant natural energy.Using the proposed algorithm,we evaluate the relationship between economical renewable energy location and capacity,renewable energy supply rate and grid capacity.As a result,it was possible to realize an economical power system with a high percentage power supply ratio of renewable energy.展开更多
文摘Early drinking is considered to result in making tolerant of alcohol consumption and a higher prevalence of alcohol related disorders in the later. We focused generational impacts on drinking rate among high school students based on multiple nationwide data. The surveys were nationwide, cross-sectional random sampling surveys given every 4 years from the Japanese Youth Tobacco and Alcohol Surveys, 1996 to 2008. Participants were male 53,925 high school students from 7th grade to 11th grade. We divided to the three follow-up groups every 4 years from 1996 to 2004 for male junior high school students in 7th grades and the end periods were 4 years later in 11th grades. Outcome measures in this study were life time drinking, current drinking within 30 days and weekly drinking. All drinking rates decreased each at 7th and at 11th grade. The increments in these drinking rates from 7th grade to 11th grade in males decreased gradually in recent follow-up groups. Generational impacts should be considered by using follow-up groups to study drinking behaviors among students.
文摘In order to expand the introduction amount of renewable energy,it is necessary to solve various problems such as suppression of output fluctuation,cost of power supply compensator for reducing output fluctuation,and lack of transmission capacity.On the other hand,it is known that output fluctuation of renewable energy is leveled by interconnecting renewable energy dispersedly arranged in a wide area.Therefore,it is possible to reduce the cost of the system by optimally distributing and linking the renewable energy to a wide area.Therefore,in this study,we developed computer algorithms to optimize the location and introduction amount of renewable energy that will conduct wide area interconnections based on actual transmission network equipment.The target of the analysis was the Hokkaido area in Japan with extensive land and abundant natural energy.Using the proposed algorithm,we evaluate the relationship between economical renewable energy location and capacity,renewable energy supply rate and grid capacity.As a result,it was possible to realize an economical power system with a high percentage power supply ratio of renewable energy.
