The spatial patterns of soil erosion(SE)are an important part of ecological security patterns and critical to erosion control.We assessed the SE and its spatial distribution in China based on geographic information sy...The spatial patterns of soil erosion(SE)are an important part of ecological security patterns and critical to erosion control.We assessed the SE and its spatial distribution in China based on geographic information system(GIS)and spatial data sets using the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE).The soil erosion area(SEA)and soil erosion amount(SEM)totaled 173.06 million ha and 8.87 billion Mg,respectively,with an average soil erosion rate(SER)of 9.39 Mg·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1).Slight erosion dominated from the aspect of SEA,whereas extreme erosion contributed the most in terms of SEM.Spatial heterogeneity in soil erosion was obvious in China,with heavily eroded areas mainly concentrated in the Loess Plateau,the Three Gorges reservoir area,and the hot,dry valley of the Jinsha River.Regionally,the provinces of Tibet,Sichuan,Yunnan,Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Guizhou,and Guangxi,and the basins of the Yangtze River,Yellow River,and southwestern rivers made a large contribution to the SEA and SEM.Geographically,soil erosion increased,then decreased with increasing slope and elevation.Slopes of 15-25°and 8-15°and elevations of 1000-2000 m were the most seriously eroded.Cropland and grassland ecosystems were major sources of SE,with their SEA and SEM accounting for 64.44%and 77.96%of the total.This study revealed the current situation and spatial characteristics of SE in China on the national scale,which can serve as a scientific basis for regional SE control and decision-making policy.展开更多
As part of its efforts to promote a sustainable and high-quality development,China has pledged to reduce water consumption and create a water-efficient society.On the basis of identifying the institutional root causes...As part of its efforts to promote a sustainable and high-quality development,China has pledged to reduce water consumption and create a water-efficient society.On the basis of identifying the institutional root causes of excessive capital allocation and excessive water consumption in China’s water-intensive industrial sectors,this study elaborates how the national water-efficient cities assessment contributes to optimized capital allocation.Our research shows that national water-efficient cities assessment has motivated local governments to compete for water efficiency.To conserve water,local governments regulated the entry and exit of water-intensive enterprises,discouraged excessive investments in water-intensive sectors,and phased out obsolete water-intensive capacities within their jurisdictions.This approach has resulted in mutually beneficial outcomes,including improved allocation of capital,enhanced water efficiency,and reduced emissions.This paper offers policy recommendations for establishing a water-efficient society throughout the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)period by presenting empirical evidence on the policy effects of resource efficiency evaluation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Accreditation processes are extensively employed to guarantee the quality of higher education institutions.However,this process can potentially generate a stressful atmosphere for staff,thus impacting their...BACKGROUND Accreditation processes are extensively employed to guarantee the quality of higher education institutions.However,this process can potentially generate a stressful atmosphere for staff,thus impacting their ability to perform optimally under pressure.AIM To examine the knowledge of the National Commission for Academic Assessment and Accreditation(NCAAA)and its effects on perceived stress among dental college staff before and after the program accreditation process.METHODS The present cross-sectional questionnaire-based study included 300 employees from three dental colleges.The same employees had to fill out the questionnaire 1 mo after the NCAAA process.RESULTS Approximately 51.33%of the included employees believed that NCAAA is essential to attract quality students to join the program before and after the program.A total of 44.67%felt that their stress was high before,and 31.33%had low stress levels before and after NCAAA.These findings were statistically significant(P≤0.05).CONCLUSION NCAAA raised the prestige of the institution and specific programmes and increased prospects to attract better students,staff,and money,according to the employees.In addition to their needed teaching,research,and other service responsibilities,this work requires a tremendous amount of faculty effort and may cause them stress.展开更多
基金This work was conducted under the auspices of the Special Issue of National Remote Sensing Survey and Assessment of Eco-Environment Change between 2000 and 2010(grant number STSN-04-01)the National Science and Technology Support Program(grant number 2011BAC09B08).
文摘The spatial patterns of soil erosion(SE)are an important part of ecological security patterns and critical to erosion control.We assessed the SE and its spatial distribution in China based on geographic information system(GIS)and spatial data sets using the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE).The soil erosion area(SEA)and soil erosion amount(SEM)totaled 173.06 million ha and 8.87 billion Mg,respectively,with an average soil erosion rate(SER)of 9.39 Mg·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1).Slight erosion dominated from the aspect of SEA,whereas extreme erosion contributed the most in terms of SEM.Spatial heterogeneity in soil erosion was obvious in China,with heavily eroded areas mainly concentrated in the Loess Plateau,the Three Gorges reservoir area,and the hot,dry valley of the Jinsha River.Regionally,the provinces of Tibet,Sichuan,Yunnan,Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Guizhou,and Guangxi,and the basins of the Yangtze River,Yellow River,and southwestern rivers made a large contribution to the SEA and SEM.Geographically,soil erosion increased,then decreased with increasing slope and elevation.Slopes of 15-25°and 8-15°and elevations of 1000-2000 m were the most seriously eroded.Cropland and grassland ecosystems were major sources of SE,with their SEA and SEM accounting for 64.44%and 77.96%of the total.This study revealed the current situation and spatial characteristics of SE in China on the national scale,which can serve as a scientific basis for regional SE control and decision-making policy.
基金Sponsorship of the Outstanding Youth Innovation Team Development Program for Institutes of Higher Learning in Shandong Province(2021RW008)the Youth Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QG048).
文摘As part of its efforts to promote a sustainable and high-quality development,China has pledged to reduce water consumption and create a water-efficient society.On the basis of identifying the institutional root causes of excessive capital allocation and excessive water consumption in China’s water-intensive industrial sectors,this study elaborates how the national water-efficient cities assessment contributes to optimized capital allocation.Our research shows that national water-efficient cities assessment has motivated local governments to compete for water efficiency.To conserve water,local governments regulated the entry and exit of water-intensive enterprises,discouraged excessive investments in water-intensive sectors,and phased out obsolete water-intensive capacities within their jurisdictions.This approach has resulted in mutually beneficial outcomes,including improved allocation of capital,enhanced water efficiency,and reduced emissions.This paper offers policy recommendations for establishing a water-efficient society throughout the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)period by presenting empirical evidence on the policy effects of resource efficiency evaluation.
文摘BACKGROUND Accreditation processes are extensively employed to guarantee the quality of higher education institutions.However,this process can potentially generate a stressful atmosphere for staff,thus impacting their ability to perform optimally under pressure.AIM To examine the knowledge of the National Commission for Academic Assessment and Accreditation(NCAAA)and its effects on perceived stress among dental college staff before and after the program accreditation process.METHODS The present cross-sectional questionnaire-based study included 300 employees from three dental colleges.The same employees had to fill out the questionnaire 1 mo after the NCAAA process.RESULTS Approximately 51.33%of the included employees believed that NCAAA is essential to attract quality students to join the program before and after the program.A total of 44.67%felt that their stress was high before,and 31.33%had low stress levels before and after NCAAA.These findings were statistically significant(P≤0.05).CONCLUSION NCAAA raised the prestige of the institution and specific programmes and increased prospects to attract better students,staff,and money,according to the employees.In addition to their needed teaching,research,and other service responsibilities,this work requires a tremendous amount of faculty effort and may cause them stress.