National Identity Turns, in the Age of Globalization

Globalization has many dimensions that it is interpreted as ＂communicational revolution＂ having incredible effects upon thought, behavior, and identity of today＇s human being. Based on this, the world is a stage for globalization and identity interactions. In such space, there are always conflicts among identity strata （individual, national, and global） and for conflicts prevention purposes, respect for the ＂other＇s＂ identity is considerable. Although admitting various nations＇ identity is one of the globalization identity notions challenges, but it doesn＇t mean that a dead end in this field. This research is focused on globalization effects and the subject of becoming far from national identity with rising of cosmopolitanism. We want to figure out： ＂What kind of relation is between national identity and cosmopolitanism identity in the globalization era？＂ This work＇s assumption is based on the relation between national identity and globalization identity in the stage of globalization and identity interactions; by admitting and respecting ＂other＇s＂ identity, we are able to prevent conflicts among identity strata. Thus, humans in their vast communications in globalization era for responding purposes, in face to face dialogs, need to implement general values common to all human beings. Through ＂global citizen＂ practices, while there exists differences, we can reach a shared view and become attended to our global responsibility.

Role of Religion and Media Consumption in National Identity Formation of Youth in Pakistan

This research intends to study the relationship between faith, media exposure, and national identity construction of youth in Pakistan. The purpose is to ascertain the level of influence of foreign and local media consumption on national identity formation in terms of collective self-esteem and self-image of youth with high and low level of religiosity. A survey has been conducted from students （n = 321） between the age group of 16-19 living in Lahore. The results of this study revealed that respondents with high religiosity did not prefer to consume foreign media （r = -0.435＊＊ p 〈 0.01） whereas they did not show much preference to consume Pakistani media, either （r = 0.138＊, p 〈 0.05）. The level of religiosity and positive national identity had a strong and significant positive correlation （r = 0.619＊＊, p 〈 0.01）. This study also found that those respondents who preferred to consume foreign media texts demonstrated lower self-esteem and negative self-image as Pakistanis as compared to those who did not prefer foreign media consumption （r = -0.427＊＊, p 〈 0.01）. The researcher assumed that being Pakistani, a respondent would prefer to consume more national media texts over foreign and would have more positive national identity. However, results did not support this premise （r = 0.159＊＊, p 〈 0.01） due to the fact that the respondents did not show preference to consume Pakistani media at first hand. The study also connects theoretical understanding of faith and identity in Pakistani perspective along with an additional factor of media consumption. Thus, it strengthens the argument that strong faith positively contributes towards consolidating an individual＇s identity construction process. However, the results demonstrate that media tend to play a limited role in the process of identity construction compared to family and peers among Pakistani youth.

Comparative Textual Study of Political and Territorial Aspects of the Ancient Iranian National Identity

In a multidisciplinary compensatory way this paper aims at comparing Darius Inscription in Behistun with Karnameh of Ardeshir Babakan in order to find the territorial political aspects of ancient Iranian identity. With regard to the existence of the idea of national identity but not the term in these mentioned sources through content analysis, it shows that ancient Iranian national identity has basic interrelations with territorial political aspects although the other aspects will not be denied.

Soft Power and National Identity in Chinese International Promotion

Rather that cultural hegemony,soft power,as a part and parcel of comprehensive national power,has been paid more and more attention by China so as to get more discourse right and power in international diplomatic relationships to foster a peaceful external environment.This paper focuses on why China highlights soft power,how China strengthens it soft power through Chinese international promotion,and what is role Chinese international promotion has paid.

Research on National Identity Based on National Audio-Visual Works: Taking Inner Mongolia as an Example

Mongolian audio-visual works are an important carrier of exploring the true significance to this national culture.This paper believes that the Mongolian people in Inner Mongolia constantly enhance the individual sense of identity to the overall ethnic group through the influence of film and television and music,and on this basis constantly evolve a new culture in line with modern and contemporary life to further enhance their sense of belonging to the ethnic nation.

Scottish Literary Heritage and National Identity:A Case Study of Boswell’s The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides

For a long time,the history of“Scottish Literature”has been overshadowed by the concept of“British literature”,and thus Scottish literary heritage has been seen as“regional characteristics”.The Act of Union 1707 led to a growing concern for Scottish national identity.In The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides,the famous Scottish-born biographer James Boswell chose to take advantage of Scottish literary heritage as a point of penetration to express his own Scottish national identity with Scotland in literature and Scottish literature.

A Study on the Mechanism of Cohort Effect on the Formation of National Identity among College Students

The lack of subjective awareness of national identity among young people is a common phenomenon in all countries.In this paper,we investigate the role of cohort effect in the formation of national identity among college students based on the theory of cohort effect.The results of the empirical study show that at the current stage,the formation of national identity within the group of Chinese college students mainly relies on the herding mechanism,followed by the competition mechanism and then the learning mechanism.

Support for obesity policy: The effect of perceptions of causes for obesity and national identity in Canada

Interventions in Canada to address obesity have largely been limited to individual-level change through education rather than a population-level public policy approach. Little is known about obesity policy support in Canada, and substantial national variation in obesity policy support prevents direct transferability of these policies among nations. Our study recruited 521 young adults for an online survey through leaflets and flyers. We investigated how respondents’ demographics, health characteristics, political attitudes, beliefs regarding causes of obesity, and national identity affected their support for obesity policy. Results showed that there is high support for many obesity policies among Canadian young adults. Including Canadian national identity in regression models was significant in explaining obesity policy support beyond the combined effect of other predictors. Further exploration of national identity, in Canada and elsewhere, has implications for understanding obesity policy support that might assist policy makers in making more informed decisions in addressing obesity.

National Identity as a Useful Tool for Setting Limits to European Integration

The European Union law,a new order of international law,permeates the legal orders of the Member States,binding not only states but also citizens.However,this permeation of the European Union law into the constitutional orders of the Member States is not unconditional.One of the limits is the national identity,understood as the constitutional identity.In legal terms,the concept of national identity is narrower than the one,characteristic for the national tradition.And it is the constitutional identity that shapes the relationship between the European Union and the Member States.The purpose of this study is to show the relationship between the European Union legal order and legal(constitutional)orders of the Member States.It will focus on such aspects as:national and constitutional identity,the concept of national identity shaped by the case law of the European Court of Justice and the significance of constitutional identity in the jurisprudence of constitutional courts.

From Learning for CET to ＂Study for Motherland＂： High-Stake of CET Accelerates the Forming of New National Identity of College Students

Since CET-4 （College English Test Band 4） is a high-stake test in China, the majority of students take passing CET-4 as their motivation of learning English. In this paper, the author would like to argue that CET, as a motivation of learning English and an assessment tool, is only a practical and realistic choice for Chinese government to satisfy the national and personal requirements of international development. Students are not learning English for passing CET, but gaining the benefits brought by English. However, the influence from English or western cultures accompanying with the high-stake of CET will form a new national identity of college students-study for motherland.

National Identity in Conflict： The Reconstruction of King Ly Thai To on Vietnamese Screen

Born as Ly Cong Uan, Ly Thai To is the first king of the Ly Dynasty. The most important contribution of Ly Thai To in Vietnamese history is to move the capital from Hoa Lu to Dai La, and rename it as Thang Long （Ascending Dragon） in 1010. Nowadays, it is known as Hanoi. Ly Thai To promoted Buddhism, and reduced the centuries-old influence of Confucianism in the kingdom. The growth and prevalence of Buddhism brought about a long period of peace, where Buddhist literature consequently flourished with seminal achievements. Due to King Ly Thai To＇s enormous contributions, the Vietnamese have created several legends and anecdotes to mystify his life. Thus, although a historical figure, his life remains a mystery and controversy. In 2010, Hanoi celebrated the 1000th anniversary of Thang Long. On this occasion, Vietnamese historical films about Ly Cong Uan were produced. This created intriguing variations within historical facts, legends, and on-screen stories. This paper will explore the reconstruction of Ly Cong Uan＇s life from an adaptation studies perspective through four historical films： Legend of the Capital Relocation （Huyen su thien do）, Thang Long Aspiration （Khat vong Thang Long）, Ly Cong Uan The Road to Thang Long Citadel （Ly Cong Uan： Dtrong toi thanh Thang Long）, Child of the Dragon （Ngtroi con cua Rong）. This research also wants to clarify the issues of national identity, nationalism, and cultural interaction reflected through the representations of Ly Thai To in those cinematic products

National Identity in the Era of Globalization: Crisis and Reconstruction

The era of globalization is posing a variety of challenges to national identity. In order to meet these challenges, it is important to offer theoretical scientific interpretations of them. A scrutiny of national identity as a concept reveals that national identity is actually a ＂four in one＂ combination of institutional identity, interest identity, cultural identity and non-national community identity, with formative mechanisms characterized the unity of the primordial state and the constructive, expressive forms characterized by the unity of consciousness and action, content characterized by the unity of politics and culture, and maintenance mechanisms characterized by the unity of emotion and self-interest. In the global age, national identity crisis usually arises in political, economic and cultural levels. The root cause for national identity crisis lies in the ineffectiveness of nation states＇ self-governance. In order to promote the construction of national identity in the global age, we need to： （1）promote reform of the political system, explore democratic models of governance, and create the institutional preconditions for national identity; （2） promote economic development, ensure fairness and justice, and guarantee interests in national identity; （3） develop national culture, strengthen value integration and enrich the cultural significance of national identity; and （4） recognize different levels of community development and promote community integration in national identity.

Impact of Land Use Change on Ecosystem Services Values in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area,China in the Context of National Water Network Project Construction

Investigating the ecological impact of land use change in the context of the construction of national water network project is crucial,as it is imperative for achieving the sustainable development goals of the national water network and guaranteeing regional ecological stability.Using the Danjiangkou Reservoir Area(DRA),China as the study area,this paper first examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of natural landscape patterns and ecosystem service values(ESV)in the DRA from 2000 to 2018 and then investigated the spatial clustering characteristics of the ESV using spatial statistical analysis tools.Finally,the patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model was used to simulate the natural landscape and future changes in the ESV of the DRA from 2018 to 2028 under four different development scenarios:business as usual(BAU),economic development(ED),ecological protection(EP),and shoreline protection(SP).The results show that:during 2000-2018,the construction of water facilities had a significant impact on regional land use/land cover(LULC)change,with a 24830 ha increase in watershed area.ESV exhibited an increasing trend,with a significant and growing spatial clustering effect.The transformation of farmland to water bodies led to accelerated ESV growth,while the transformation of forest land to farmland led to a decrease in the ESV.Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)had the strongest effect on the ESV.ESV exhibited a continuous increase from 2018 to 2028 under all the simulation scenarios.The EP scenario had the greatest increase in ESV,while the ED scenario had the smallest increase.The findings suggest that projected land use patterns under different scenarios have varied impacts on ecosystem services(ESs)and that the management and planning of the DRA should balance social,economic,ecological,and security benefits.nomic,ecological,and security benefits.

Analysis of the Influence of Woodcut Works of Anti-Japanese War on the National Spiritual Identity of Young People

As one of the important art forms during the Anti-Japanese War in China, woodcut is not only a tool for literary and artistic workers to express the spirit of Anti-Japanese War, but also a medium to inspire the people and arouse patriotic feelings. Through a systematic analysis of the historical background and artistic characteristics of woodcuts of the Anti-Japanese War and their impact on the national spiritual identity of young people, this paper aims to explore how woodcuts enlightens and inspires young people’s national consciousness through visual language and spiritual connotation, and enhances their sense of belonging to the country and the nation.

National Identity Crisis in Developing Countries in the Global Age and Its Causes

After the 1990s, with the end of the Cold War, great changes have occurred in the world scenario, with ethnic clashes and national conflicts becoming all the more salient, making national identity a hot topic in reality and the academia. To address the issue of national identity in the age of globalization, a deep-going theoretical discussion of the logic behind it is necessary, a discussion that covers the nature of both ethno-cultural identity and national identity, the superiority of national identity to ethno-cultural identity and the logic behind national identity crisis. In terms of the need for social identity, globalization, while changing the power structure of the world, weakens the autonomy of developing countries, especially that of those which are still in the process of modernization and are confronted with risks inherent in social transformation and where a resultant structural imbalance undermines the state＇s integrity and control, making national identity less appealing to ethnic groups. As a result, regional ethnic identity comes to the fore, leading to national identity crises in developing countries.

The Marxist Theory of the State and National Identity

Nation-state identity has become a focus of theoretical discussion in academia home and abroad in recent years. Under the new historical conditions, the study of national identity should take the Marxist theory of the state as its theoretical basis and stick to the Marxist view of class and class analysis so as to properly understand, guide and enhance national identity. The Marxist theory of the state has analyzed in a scientific way the origin, nature, development, succession and decay of the state, and the innovative and transitional nature of the proletarian state. We should not stop at the level of ＂national identity in general,＂ but should instead use the Marxist view of class to look at and analyze specific people＇s identification with specific states. As far as the developed capitalist states are concerned, the bourgeoisie and the working class differ dramatically in their views, attitudes, emotions and beliefs toward their state. When it comes to China that is still at the primary stage of socialism, national identity needs to be studied in depth and guided in a correct way, especially under the condition of reform and opening-up. The main subjects of national identity should get optimized at all levels.Meanwhile, measures should be taken to enhance conscious awareness of and cultivate right attitudes toward national identity.

Factors Influencing National Identity and Intergenerational Differences:Based on Data from the 2013 China Social Survey

On the basis of the 2013 Chinese Social Survey(CSS)data,this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the influence of social,economic and cultural factors on the national identity of the population,with a focus on the differences between the younger and the older generation.Our findings show that the sense of national identity of the younger generation is weaker than that of the older generation,and this is even more marked among the tertiary-educated younger generation.The sense of national identity of the older generation is more influenced by social structural factors,especially by their position in the social hierarchy,while that of the younger generation is more affected by cultural and economic factors.In addition,we find that in China,the sense of national identity of the privileged stratum is stronger than that of the middle and base-level strata.These findings,which run counter to Huntington and Inglehart’s view of“the weakening of elite national identity,”may be due to the different roles of the state in globalization and economic growth.

National Identity in the Context of Globalization:A Structural Perspective

In this era of ＂liquid modernity,＂ China faces the dual pressures of external globalization and internal social transformation. Within these dual space-time coordinates, academic research should address the question of what makes national identity possible by moving away from its fixation on macro-narratives and concrete micro-analysis of civic or ethnic identity, etc., to focus on meso-analysis. To do this, it is important to allay individuals＇ ontological anxiety so that they return to ontological security; to realize the production and reproduction of a national centripetal force; and to highlight the functional power of national identity. Both theoretical studies and real-world experience show that national identity cannot play a stable and coherent role on its own, but needs the structural support of three fundamental systems： economic incentives, political values, and institutional organization. The functional cohesion of these systems provides an effective path to the realization of national identity.