Exploring the Application Effect of Flipped Classroom Combined with Problem-Based Learning Teaching Method in Clinical Skills Teaching of Standardized Training for Resident Doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective: To explore the application effect of flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method in clinical skills teaching of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods: The study used the experimental control method. The study lasted from September to November 2022. The subjects of this study were 49 students of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine from grades 2020, 2021 and 2022 of Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital. They were randomly divided into experiment group (25) and control group (24). The experiment group adopted flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method, and the control group adopted traditional teaching method. The teaching content was 4 basic clinical skill projects, including four diagnoses of traditional Chinese Medicine, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, dressing change procedure, acupuncture and massage. The evaluation method was carried out by comparing the students’ performance and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the students’ evaluation of the teaching method. Results: The test scores of total scores in the experimental group (90.12 ± 5.89) were all higher than those in the control group (81.47 ± 7.96) (t = 4.53, P P Conclusions: The teaching process of the flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method is conducive to improving the efficiency of classroom teaching, cultivating students’ self-learning ability, and enhancing students’ willingness to learn.

The basic core traditional C hinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and its active mechanisms

Background:COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on human health,economies,societies,and livelihoods around the world.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulae have played an important role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.WHO evaluated the role of TCM in treating of COVID-19 and encouraged other countries to promote the use of TCM formulae.However,the key is to find the basic core traditional Chinese medicine(BC-TCM)among those formulae.Methods:For the first time,we mined the data of TCM formulae in CNIPA and analyzed herb characteristics and association rules.We then determined the BC-TCM and screened main compounds and therapeutic targets.Finally,the potential molecular mechanisms were explored by using enrichment analyses and molecular docking.Results:This study screened 123 patented TCM formulae,including 312 herbs.According to frequency statistics and association rules,nine herbs(Gan Cao,Jin Yinhua,Guang Huoxiang,Fu Ling,Huang Qi,Jie Geng,Lian Qiao,Cang Zhu,Ku Xingren)were selected as the BC-TCM.The BC-TCM involved 166 main compounds and 48 therapeutic targets.The active compounds Hederagenin,Spinasterol,Beta-sitosterol,and Liquiritin had high binding activity to the COVID-19 targets 3CL,ACE2,and core targets RELA,HSP90AA1,STAT3,MAPK3,and TP53 according to molecular docking results.Interestingly,Hederagenin might be a potential compound for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.Conclusion:Our research predicted and confirmed the preventive therapeutic effect of BC-TCM on COVID-19.This has the potential to broaden the scope of TCM,guide people in using clinical formulae,and provide valuable insights for future TCM discovery research.

Discussion on Ideological and Political Theories Teaching in Traditional Chinese Medicine Courses Based on National Standard for Teaching Quality

This paper analyzes the necessity and existing problems of ideological and political theories teaching in traditional Chinese medicine courses,and puts forward some suggestions,such as improving the ideological and political ability of professional teachers,perfecting the evaluation mechanism,and exploring ideological and political elements based on the characteristics of courses,so as to provide the basis for ideological and political theories teaching in traditional Chinese medicine courses under the National Standard for Teaching Quality.

Humanistic Spirit Contained in Traditional Chinese Medicine should Be Valued

Medicine is a science studying human's health and diseases as well as the regularity between them. Its research subject is human, who possess natural attribute, psychological attribute and social attribute. Therefore, medicine is bound to possess humanistic attribute. Rooted in Chinese traditional culture, Traditional Chinese Medicine contains abundant humanistic thoughts, for instance, pursuing the unity of human and nature, advocating the vital importance of life, sticking to the virtue of "medicine being humane art", abiding by the principle of "Benevolence prior to interest", complying with the medical rule of "Respecting peers". These are the very concrete reflections of medical humanistic spirit. In this article we aim to explore the humanistic thoughts contained in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and try to inherit and carry forward the spirit to better relieve the tensions between doctors and patients and improve the quality of medical services.

Preliminary Study on the Training Mode of Chinese Pharmacy Professionals Based on the National Standard of Teaching Quality

With the promulgation of the National Standard for the Teaching Quality of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Colleges and Universities, the state has made clear regulations on the standard for the cultivation of Chinese pharmacy talents. Based on their own actual conditions, major colleges and universities have implemented different talent training modes, including talent training modes of running talent classes, "2+1+1", "Chinese Medicine Research Practice Class", employment-oriented professional talent training mode, three-level three-type diversified talent training mode, and talent training mode oriented with adapting to the characteristics of ethnic regions. Various talent training modes have different training objectives, and corresponding training programs are formulated to meet the requirements of the National Standard for the Teaching Quality of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Colleges and Universities. In addition, according to the notice on Solidly Promoting Labor Education into the "National Standard for the Teaching Quality of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Colleges and Universities" issued by the Department of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education, the introduction of labor education to the teaching of Chinese pharmacy majors will be a trend, and Chinese pharmacy professionals are required to achieve comprehensive and coordinated development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty, and labor. How to integrate labor education with high quality and high efficiency into the training of Chinese pharmacy professionals is a problem that major universities will think about.

Herbal medicine prescribing patterns from contemporary famous old TCM doctors for treating coronary heart disease: an analysis based on data mining

To analyze the herbal medicine prescribing patterns of contemporary famous old traditional Chinese medicine doctors in treating coronary heart disease,based on data mining technology,so as to provide useful insights into the clinical practice.Methods:Databases,including Medline(January 1966 to December 2019),Wanfang(January 1982 to December 2019),VIP Database(January 1989 to December 2019),CNKI(January 1979 to December 2019),CBMdisc(January 1978 to December 2019),and Classic Case Collection from Contemporary Famous Old Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctors were searched,and 224 eligible studies involving 416 patients were entered into the case study database after data processing.Frequency analysis and association rule analysis were used to investigate the prescribing patterns of contemporary famous old traditional Chinese medicine doctors in treating coronary heart disease.Results:In total 290 kinds of Chinese herbal drugs and 19 core drugs were used in the cases studied.The most commonly used categories were“Qi-Tonifying Drugs”,“Blood-Activating Drugs”,and“Phlegm-Eliminating Drugs”.The association rule analysis identified 14 commonly used herbal pairs,19 three-drug combinations,and 1 four-drug combination.Conclusion:Contemporary famous old traditional Chinese medicine doctors considered warming heart yang as an extremely important approach to treat coronary heart disease based on Zhang Zhongjing’s treatment for chest painful obstruction caused by“Inactivity of Chest Yang”(blockade of phlegm turbidity).Both symptoms and root causes were addressed in the formulas prescribed by these doctors.“Tonifying Qi,Nourishing Yin,Activating Blood,and Eliminating Phlegm”were the most commonly used therapeutic methods for patients with coronary heart disease.

张婷婷治疗子宫腺肌症痛证经验

子宫腺肌症的发病率逐年上升,其治疗是临床的难点。张婷婷教授治疗子宫腺肌症痛证,根据“瘀阻于内,不通则痛”的基本病机,口服汤剂采用“柴芍方”以疏肝行气、活血止痛;“红藤方”以清热凉血、散瘀止痛;“清瘀温通方”以寒温并用、化瘀止痛;“扶正祛瘀方”以益气扶正、祛瘀止痛。张婷婷临证还结合灌肠、足浴的方法,内外合治,长期管理患者,效果显著。

2022年NSFC心血管领域中、西医申请资助情况分析

系统梳理分析2022年国家自然科学基金心血管领域中、西医学面上项目、青年科学基金项目和地区科学基金项目3类常规项目的申请和资助情况、所涉及主要病种、研究热点和研究思路。结果显示,两个领域研究的主要病种相似,研究热点也基本一致。均以动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、心力衰竭、高血压、继发性心肌损伤和心律失常为主,主要开展表观遗传学、外泌体、细胞焦亡或铁死亡、细胞自噬、肠道微生物群以及线粒体功能方面的研究,思路呈现多样化的特点。但西医心血管领域的病种更为广泛,还包括心脏移植等中医心血管领域不涉及的病种。在科学问题导向和研究内容方面,中医心血管领域要求在中医药理论的指导下,以解决中医学科的关键科学问题为导向,体现中医药的特色。此外,研究热点只是探索科学问题的技术手段,应深入凝练科学问题,避免盲目追求结合研究热点反而缺乏了创新性思想和科学依据,鼓励原创性基础研究。

孙克伟教授辨证论治肝病的经验探析

孙克伟教授在长期临床诊治中总结发现,多种肝病殊途同归,提出“补脾土,疏肝解郁”“逐湿邪,热无所依”“补先天,解毒袪邪”“调气血,瘀滞得化”“温脾阳,截断逆挽”的学术经验,临床应用效果显著。该文将从以上五法探析孙克伟教授辨证论治肝病经验,旨在为肝病中医诊疗提供参考和借鉴。

国医大师夏桂成论中医女性生殖节律理论的“节”和“律”

分述女性生命中五种节律(昼夜节律、周节律、月节律、年节律、生命节律)特征以及夏桂成教授基于生殖节律理论治疗妇科临床疾病的经验。昼夜节律是生命节律的基本单位,白天活动振奋阳气,夜间安睡静养阴血是最基本的养生准则。七为少阳数,女性的经期常持续7天,阴分充足“锦丝带”(像锦缎一样的阴道分泌物)也可达7天,更有助成孕。月经周期节律上应月下应潮,夏教授提出了经典的四期月经周期节律学说,后为了更好地描述阴阳变化,又将经典的四期分为七期,以更好地指导临床。并附验案1则。

谢德聪治疗妇科痛证临证经验

妇科痛证发生在少腹,以胞宫为中心,为厥阴、少阴、冲任二脉循行部位,责之“不通则痛,不荣则痛”,病因多端,虚实错杂,属于妇科疑难杂症。谢德聪认为治疗妇科痛证,注重病机,明辨虚实,临证重视调肝,养血柔肝,理气止痛,调理冲任。并遵月经生理特点与气血阴阳消长转化分期调治,经前治实,经后补虚,临床疗效显著。其诊疗思路和用药经验颇具特色,有重要的借鉴意义。

我国基层中医药服务现状及发展路径探讨

背景我国对基层中医药卫生服务的关注度持续提升,但是目前基层中医药卫生服务体系仍存在问题,制约了我国中医药事业的发展。目的分析我国基层中医药卫生服务体系现状,探索持续提升基层中医药服务能力的策略。方法于2022年12月,检索《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》《全国中医药统计编摘》及国家疾病预防控制局和国家心血管病中心官方网站获取数据,从卫生投入、服务产出、健康需要3个层面构建指标体系,结合秩和比法和WHO卫生系统绩效模块框架对基层中医药服务现状进行综合评价。结果卫生投入方面:2017—2021年,除乡镇卫生院外,其他能够提供中医药服务的基层医疗卫生机构数量均有所增加;社区卫生服务中心(站)、乡镇卫生院、门诊部中医类临床科室床位数呈现上升趋势,但门诊部中医类临床科室床位数占门诊部总床位数的比例有所下降;社区卫生服务中心(站)、乡镇卫生院、诊所中医类执业(助理)医师占比明显上升,而村卫生室的中医类执业(助理)医师占比保持稳定,门诊部的中医类执业(助理)医师占比逐年递减;近5年,基层医疗卫生机构财政投入的绝对数值稳步提高,而中医机构财政拨款波动减少。服务产出方面:尽管各类机构中医诊疗人次占机构总诊疗人次的比例按照一定增幅稳步增长(除中医类门诊部外),但仅村卫生室的中医诊疗量占比始终保持在30.0%以上;除乡镇卫生院外,其他基层医疗卫生机构的中医类执业(助理)医师人均担负年诊疗人次总体上呈下降趋势。根据综合评价结果,2017、2018、2021年处于资源分配适宜状态,而2019、2020年处于资源分配不均衡状态。结论目前,我国基层中医药卫生服务体系建设得到有效落实,但在有序推进的过程中也存在一些不足。基层中医药资源不足、服务与利用不均衡、中医药优势未充分发挥、人才培养机制不健全、财政投入少等问题制约中医药事业的发展。为推动基层医疗卫生机构持续提高中医药卫生服务能力,需要夯实政府职能,进一步弘扬中医药文化,建立激励机制以优化人才培养模式,加强中医药服务与医保政策紧密结合,建设以“信息一体化”为支撑的中医医联体。

西藏门巴族人群胰岛细胞功能、脂质代谢、炎症反应与中医体质的相关性研究

目的探讨西藏门巴族人群胰岛细胞功能、脂质代谢和炎症反应与中医体质的相关性。方法选取2023年1月—2023年6月墨脱村、亚东村、朗杰岗村、巴日村、德吉村、玛迪村6个门巴族乡的门巴族人群进行调查,共计237例。分析人群中医体质分布情况,同时比较前三位中医体质人群的胰岛细胞功能、脂质代谢和炎症因子水平。结果中医体质类型中以痰湿质、湿热质和气虚质为主,分别占32.07%、26.16%和18.57%。痰湿质组、湿热质组和气虚质组性别、年龄、体质量指数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。湿热质组空腹血糖和胰岛素抵抗指数分别为(4.98±0.83)mmol/L和(1.75±0.32),均低于痰湿质组和气虚质组(P<0.05),湿热质组胰岛β细胞功能指数为(94.45±9.11),均高于痰湿质和气虚质组(P<0.05);湿热质组总胆固醇和甘油三酯分别为(3.98±0.99)mmol/L和(1.02±0.29)mmol/L,均低于痰湿质组和气虚质组(P<0.05),湿热质组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为(1.26±0.20)mmol/L,均高于痰湿质组和气虚质组(P<0.05)。痰湿质、湿热质和气虚质组血清白细胞介素-6、超敏c反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论西藏门巴族人群中医体质以痰湿质、湿热质和气虚质为主,其中湿热质人群胰岛细胞功能、脂质代谢优于痰湿质和气虚质人群,炎症因子比较无差异。

浙派中医治疗痛经经验整理

[目的]总结1911年前浙派中医治疗痛经的经验,探究其特色。[方法]对浙派中医古籍文献中有关痛经的论述、病案等进行摘录整理,总结痛经病机及治疗特色。[结果]浙派中医治疗痛经以“气血失调”为主要病机,提倡以寒热虚实为纲的气血辨证法,从月经有无先后失期、经血色量如何、痛在经行前后三方面进行辨证。文献所记载的痛经证型共8种,分别为血气虚证、血虚有滞证、血虚有寒证、血虚有热证、冲任不足证、肝气郁滞证、气滞血瘀证、寒凝血瘀证,以“温通清化、调和血气”为治则。浙派中医发扬命门学说,擅用温药,记载痛经要药10味,分别为凌霄花、白芍、马鞭草、玄胡、京三棱、鹿角、阳起石、白头翁根、莲房、荷叶。[结论]浙派中医治疗痛经从“气血”立论,“温补”“清化”以治本,“调畅气血”为根本,以辨证论治、治病求本为宗。

吕晓东论治肺结节经验撷菁

总结吕晓东教授运用中医药治疗肺结节的临床经验和学术思想。吕晓东教授基于阳化气,阴成形的两个基本生理功能观,考察肺结节的发生、发展的病理环节,认为肺结节形成之机理复杂,病因纷繁,为阴分邪气积聚为肺,但病性基础变化总体以阳虚为关键,病理以气滞痰瘀胶着于肺络为核心。在肺络病的指导原则下,运用扶阳抑阴、通补肺络的手段,恢复阳主阴从,一气周流,肺络调和的生理状态,从而调复肺脏的异常功能状态、消弭肺结节的病理改变,恢复身心健康的目的,临床每获良效,具有推广应用的价值。

关于中医药学术期刊地方医药文化特色专栏的设计思考

[目的]探讨开设有利于彰显地方中医药文化特色期刊专栏的路径。[方法]通过查阅文献,分析中医药期刊的现状,讨论中医药期刊开设地方医药文化特色专栏的必要性、可行性、着力点。[结果]只有突出中医药特色,才能充分体现中医药科技期刊的内涵。中医药期刊可以通过挖掘地方医药文化,建设优质编委团队,成立核心作者人群,组建高质审稿队伍,举办期刊学术活动等途径发展地方医药文化特色专栏。中医药期刊应当坚持中医特色,以复兴中医药文化为期刊首任;应学会守常达变,继承与创新并举;坚持百花齐放,展现地方特色医药;注重守正创新,维持栏目延续稳定,进而提升美誉度和核心竞争力。[结论]中医药文化是中华民族的宝贵财富,是中华民族传统文化的精髓。中医药期刊是传播中医药学术文化的重要阵地。中医药期刊开设地方中医药文化特色专栏既有利于期刊优质发展,又有利于中医药学术文化的传承。

国家重点研发计划中医药现代化研究文献计量分析

目的:分析国家重点研发计划中医药现代化研究重点专项(以下简称专项)的研究进展。方法:基于中国知网(CNKI)、中国学术期刊数据库(万方数据)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)和Web of Science核心合集数据库(WoSCC),检索2017—2023年专项资助发表的论文,利用文献计量学和CiteSpace软件对论文作者、机构、研究热点等进行分析。结果:共检索到中文文献2701篇,涉及核心作者108位、形成2个较大的研究团队,中国中医科学院发文量最多,研究热点包括用药规律、中医证候等中医药临床评价和机制研究,主要研究疾病包括心血管病、恶性肿瘤等。英文文献732篇,其中中国科学院发文量最多,药物效用机制、药物代谢动力学等药理学研究是研究热点。结论:在专项支持下,中医药基础研究和基于循证医学评价的临床研究不断深入,在中医药防治重大疾病研究方面取得了重要进展。未来应加强科技成果转化,深化人工智能技术在中医药现代化研究中的应用。