Discussion on Calculation Method of Poverty Incidence in the Exit Evaluation of Poverty-Stricken Counties and Villages

Poverty incidence is the key index that needs to be measured in the poverty exit examination and evaluation of 832 poverty-stricken counties and 128 000 poverty-stricken villages. In this paper, based on the statement of general concept and conventional calculation method of the poverty incidence, the calculation method of poverty incidence in the exit evaluation of poverty-stricken counties （also including poverty-stricken township and poverty-stricken villages） was investigated through the view of the third-party evaluation. In addition to considering the previous ＂number of planned poverty remaining population＂, the method also needed to give consideration to the exiting mistaken population, evaluation missing population. Based on the case in Yuanyang County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, the poverty incidences of 10 exit planning villages by the end of 2017 in Yuanyang County were investigated and estimated, and suggestions were proposed to promote the precise poverty alleviation and poverty relief of the county.

Land Remediation Projects in Poverty-stricken Counties in Tibetan Areas Promoting Poverty Alleviation——A Case Study of Songpan County,Sichuan Province

Songpan County is a poverty-stricken county in the four provinces of China,one of the concentrated areas in China. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of land consolidation in Songpan County to promote poverty alleviation and development through specific cases. The results show that land remediation has improved agricultural production conditions,promoted agricultural efficiency,increased farmers' income,improved rural living conditions,promoted the development of urban and rural integration,improved the ecological environment,solved the problem that restricts the survival and development of poverty-stricken areas,enhanced the ability of farmers to develop themselves,raised the level of civilization in rural areas,and promoted poverty alleviation and development. The poverty alleviation and development has provided certain financial support for land remediation. It has promoted land remediation,and pointed out key directions for land remediation. It has an indirect promotion effect on land remediation.

Multi-level Cooperation and Complementary Advantage Poverty Alleviation Model in Poverty-Stricken Counties of Tibetan Areas:A Case Study of Songpan County in Sichuan Province

Songpan County is a poverty-stricken county in Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province,it belongs to a concentrated poverty-stricken area in China.Through summarizing the specific conditions of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model in Songpan County,this paper analyzed the effect of this model.Through the analysis on the cooperative poverty alleviation model(eastern-western cooperation,provincial targeted assistance,county-wide"four-leading and four-assistance"inner-party assistance,social force"10000 enterprises helping 10000 villages",and"visiting every household and keeping every person busy"),it summarized the implementation and actual results of each level.In addition,it summarized the problems encountered in the implementation process of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model and came up with recommendations.With the aid of this successful multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model,Songpan County has achieved a decisive victory in the fight against poverty.At the end of April 2019,the poverty rate in the whole region fell to 0.45%,and it successfully took off the poverty hat.This paper analyzed and refined the specific practice,main achievements,successful experience,implications and reference significance of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model,to provide necessary references for innovation of poverty alleviation model in poverty-stricken Tibetan areas,or even other similar provinces and regions.

Land Use Regionalization in Poor Counties in Mountainous Areas Based on Targeted Poverty Alleviation

Land use regionalization is a strategic measure for the rational use,management and protection of land resources based on local conditions.Based on the needs of targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization strategy and the analysis on the natural and socioeconomic conditions,characteristics of land resources,and the current status of land use in Luquan County,corresponding regionalization indices were selected from four aspects:economic environment conditions,socioeconomic conditions,land resources and land use structure,and poverty alleviation and development level,a scientific and feasible index system for land use regionalization was constructed,and land use in Luquan County was regionalized by using systematic cluster analysis method.The results show that the 16 townships(towns)of Luquan County were divided into four land use regions,poverty alleviation region for development of new town and characteristic industries in the southwest(I),agricultural development and ecological poverty alleviation region in central mountainous area(II),poverty alleviation region for development of characteristic agriculture and tourism towns in eastern plateau mountainous area(III),and poverty alleviation region for development of characteristic industries and protection of land economy in the northern alpine valley area(IV).In addition,suggestions were put forward for the rational use of land in each region.

Investment Projects in Dangshan——The National Ecological Agriculture County

Dangshan County is situated in the mostnortherly part of Anhui Province, acontiguous area of fourprovinces(Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan andAnhui) and six counties(Fengxian, Shanxian,Yucheng, Xiayi, Yongcheng and Xiaoxian).The County is named after Mount Mangdangand Mount Dangshan in the territory. TheLonghai Railway and National Highway 310pass through in parallel the central part of thecounty area, and the ancient Yellow Rivercourse lies in the northern part of the country,extending a hundred li(50 km). The totalland area of the county is 1192.94 sq km, ofwhich the cultivated land area is 904 thousandmu. 650 thousand mu of orchards cover thefields linking to the villages. It is major

河南省生态文明示范创建工作研究

生态文明示范创建是生态环境部门推进生态文明建设的重要载体和平台,也是河南省各市(区、县)开展生态文明建设工作的重要抓手。本文系统梳理了国家生态文明示范区、省级生态县创建要求,总结了河南省各市(区、县)国家生态文明示范区、省级生态县创建工作,分析了创建国家生态文明示范区、省级生态县时容易出现的共性问题,并提出针对性建议,以期为国家生态文明示范区、省级生态县的创建提供一定借鉴。

汉魏六朝北地傅氏籍贯考察——以《宋书·傅弘之传》的载述为中心

魏晋南北朝是一个特殊的时代,关于世族籍贯的认定,不能只是简单地考察地理沿革和家族迁徙等表层问题,而应综合考量家族认同、国家认同、历史认同等诸多层面的历史信息。北地傅氏虽然自汉末以来寄寓关中冯翊境内,此后又流寓江南,但其姓望所系与文化根脉仍在河陇地区(义渠、灵州、泥阳)。其亦文亦武、刚直尚气的家族风尚,正是秦汉以来河陇地区风声气俗的本色呈现。如果将汉末以来北地傅氏的籍贯确定在今陕西耀县境内,不仅与北地傅氏家族兴起于河陇边塞、流离迁徙中仍然情系河陇故土的历史事实不符,而且与门阀制度背景下“寄寓他所”“仍冠旧邦”的时代风气不合,显然不是合理公允的结论。

三江源国家公园土壤保持实物量计算——基于CSLE模型

土壤保持能力是生态产品价值中可调节产品的重要组成部分,在土壤侵蚀控制及生态环境改善方面具有关键作用。自我国开展国家公园体制以来,其对于三江源地区的土壤侵蚀模数及土壤保持能力的影响尚不明确。对比CSLE与USLE模型及其因子的差异,选取CSLE进行2000年与2020年的土壤侵蚀模数对比研究并计算黄河源区玛多县20年间土壤保持总量。结果表明:1)在研究区中,CSLE模型在区分不同土壤侵蚀模数强度时显著优于USLE模型,其对坡度坡长因子以及生物措施因子的优化计算方法可更精确地评估土壤侵蚀模数。2)从2000年至2020年,玛多县的土壤侵蚀强度得到了较大地改善,约有75%左右区域的土壤侵蚀模数具有明显下降,但仍有小部分区域的土壤侵蚀模数上升,其土壤侵蚀强度加剧。3)玛多县20年间土壤保持总量为1.683×10~6 t,在核算生态产品价值中的土壤保持量时,应以75%的土壤侵蚀模数减少的区域进行计算,而并非采用默认全区土壤均得到了有效保持的USLE公式进行计算。

辉南县国有林区森林火灾隐患源头治理措施

本文从明确工作指导思想、目标、方式方法和保障措施几个方面总结了辉南县在开展国有林区森林火灾隐患源头治理工作中采取的措施,将森林火灾隐患源头治理工作作为加强国有林区森林防灭火工作的有效手段,使国有林区森林火灾隐患得到有效遏制,收到了明显成效。

新发展阶段我国县域全民健身公共服务协同治理的特点、难点与路径

进入新发展阶段,对我国县域全民健身公共服务协同治理特点的深刻理解决定了共同富裕道路上我国县域构建更高水平全民健身公共服务体系的未来走向。运用文献资料、实证调研等研究方法探究新发展阶段我国县域全民健身公共服务协同治理的特点、难点与路径。研究认为,协同目标的共识性、协同主体的多元性、协同方式的差异性是新发展阶段我国县域全民健身公共服务协同治理的特点。难点:相关政策法规不健全,协同治理难以实现有法可依;治理主体缺少合作,协同治理的体制仍未形成;社会力量参与不足,协同治理难以形成多元共治格局;评估机制不完善,协同治理的评估结果不实用。路径:完善相关法律法规,强化协同治理的制度供给;发挥政府主导作用,完善协同治理的管理体制;深化治理主体改革,优化协同治理的服务机制;发挥第三方评估机构的作用,健全协同治理的评估机制。

县域地区脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接路径研究——以六安市裕安区践行二十大精神为例

二十大就全面推进乡村振兴战略作出部署,学界围绕脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴战略有效衔接展开的理论研究成果颇丰,但缺少从已脱贫县这一特殊地理场域对两大战略有效衔接的审视。以六安市裕安区为研究样本,剖析其在两大战略有效衔接中存在的产业发展、人居环境、文化建设、政府治理等方面问题与差距,提出要在推动产业扶贫与产业兴旺、促进生态扶贫与生态宜居、进文化扶贫与乡风文明、党建扶贫与科学治理、“两不愁三保障”与生活富裕的等方面两手抓、两手硬的主张,从而探索出推进县域脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴的有效衔接的现实路径。

城乡全民健身公共服务融合发展:县域推进研究的新视角

运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,以县域推进为研究视角探讨城乡全民健身公共服务融合发展的意义、困境,并提出发展路径,促进乡村振兴与新型城镇化协同实施。意义:畅通资源要素自由流动,促进公共服务功能互补,推动社会经济共同繁荣。困境:全民健身工作制度尚需完善,多元主体治理能力有待提升,市场组织参与机制亟待建立,体育财力投入力度仍需加强。路径:完善县域全民健身工作制度,发挥典型案例示范引领作用,打通市场组织参与机制堵点,强化基层体育治理财力投入。

国家现代农业产业园创建政策能否促进县域经济增长?

政策引导国家现代农业产业园建设,既是实现乡村产业振兴的重要制度设计,也是培育县域经济发展极的有效手段。为测度现代农业产业园的生发成效,文章将国家现代农业产业园创建作为一项准自然实验,基于2015—2021年中国县域经济面板数据,利用多期DID模型,剖析现代农业产业园建设对县域经济发展的作用机理和影响效应。研究发现:(1)国家现代农业产业园创建对县域经济发展水平具有正向促进作用;(2)产业园创建政策对东部地区和西部地区的县域经济发展起积极作用,对中部地区影响不显著。因此,有必要分区分类合理配置产业园资源,引导地方自主创建不同层次的现代农业产业园,充分发挥农业产业园县域经济增长效能。

国家药品集采政策对县级医院口服降糖药使用情况影响的回顾性分析和探讨

目的 对比国家药品集采政策执行前、后的口服降糖药用药数据,分析和探讨国家药品集采政策对县级医院口服降糖药使用的影响,为相关用药目录的调整提供参考。方法 检索医院HIS系统,筛选目标药物,确定其限定日剂量(DDD)值,采用Microsoft Excel 2019导出集采前、后口服降糖药的用药数据,进行分类整理,统计对比用药频度(DDDs)、限定日费用(DDC)、排序比(B/A)、仿制药替代率和药费节省率等评价指标。结果 共纳入15个品种的口服降糖药,涉及23个品规,集采目录内的品种、品规,分别占比为66.67%,57.89%;总体上共节省药费565 407.11元,合计药费节省率为32.01%;进口原研药降价后的价格仍高出集采目录内的国产仿制药72.84%~3555.56%;国产仿制品规占比由40.00%增至58.82%,DDDs占比由69.85%增至72.92%;双胍类、磺脲类、α-糖苷酶抑制剂和格列奈类的B/A值增幅范围为37.50%~566.67%;二肽基肽酶4抑制剂(DPP-4i)和钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂(SGLT-2i)的DDDs增加值占DDDs增加总额的67.55%,其药费增长额度占未实现药费节省药物的药费增长总额的80.58%,DDDs占比分别增加了8.95%和3.02%。结论集采后,通过主动优化用药结构,优先配备了政策目录内药品,降低了县级医院的药品运营成本,减轻了基层患者的用药负担,国产仿制药实现了“价低量增”,形成了“老药”基础降糖,“新药”兼顾心肾的用药思路,从而为县级医院口服降糖药的目录调整和使用提供一定参考。

农村电商减贫增收效应的实证分析——以河北河南两省的淘宝村为例

农村电商是新兴的扶贫减贫方式,实施电商精准扶贫战略,有助于增加贫困家庭的收入。但其增收效果仍有待研究。本文基于2009—2019年河北、河南两省淘宝村的面板数据,采用双重差分法分析淘宝村扶贫增收作用。研究发现,河北河南两省的淘宝村可以使当地农民的人均收入增加约6.27%,此结论在进行一系列检验后仍然成立。因此,基层政府应持续推进淘宝村建设,完善农村电商人才培养体系,优化淘宝村助农增收的作用机制。

县域治理中的“关系”逻辑——基于J县迎接“后评估”考核中“关系”运用的观察

关系作为一种特殊文化现象与实践方式,在国家治理与日常生活中都起着重要作用。县域治理作为国家治理的“接点”,连接城乡两端,因而“关系”运作在这一场域中更为突出和典型。在此背景下,本文以J县在巩固脱贫成果“后评估”考核中“督察—迎检”的互动过程为案例,深入分析县域治理主体试图通过“关系”运作以增强治理乡土社会的弹性空间的实践行为。研究发现,县域治理中的“关系”运作呈现为党政关系、县乡关系、条块关系和人际关系四个方面的实践样态,这些关系样态总体上呈现为正式关系与非正式关系交织的运作特征,进一步又可细究为公共关系与私人关系的混合、庇护关系与依附关系的共存、情感性关系与工具性关系的平衡的特征。体制因素、文化因素、制度因素和利益因素使这些“关系”能够不断被再生产出来,并通过运作和转化形塑着治理主体的行为。

政绩目标异化与基层治理结构转型

国家战略目标和政策资源输入成为促进基层治理结构转型的重要力量。而基层(县域)体制的能动性使得国家权力在基层的作用发生转向。在此背景下,县域体制主导基层治理体系的核心地位进一步强化,县乡村层级一体化,基层体制支配乡村社会的能力增强;基层治理规则和方式趋于行政化,科层主导的项目资源分配超脱于乡村社会层面,治理形态呈现出去公共性、弱社会动员、泛体制化等特征。国家推进涉农战略落地强化了农民政治认同和绩效合法性。但项目下乡产生了异化现象,使其并不能够有效渗透和建构新的基层社会利益关系与秩序,也难以激活基层社会层面的政治参与、村民自治和民主协商。因而基层治理结构进一步体制化,国家涉农政策的绩效合法性也随之受到影响。

江口县水族传统体育项目与梵净山旅游资源运营路径研究

江口县分布着极具特色的水族传统体育项目,水族自称“虽”,但汉语音为“水”,其位于贵州省铜仁市,其地理环境得天独厚,水族优秀的传统体育项目和丰富的旅游资源,如,梵净山、红十八师归建地等旅游景点给极具特色的水族同胞们增添了一道亮丽的风景线,因此,文章将从江口县水族传统体育项目入手,运用田野调查法、实地勘查法、文献资料法、访谈法等研究方法分析江口县水族传统体育项目与旅游业的路径,从而寻求江口县体旅融合过程中潜在的运营模式。

民族地区乡村旅游发展水平测度与外源因素研究——以国家乡村振兴示范县为例

乡村旅游对民族地区乡村振兴和实现共同富裕具有重要价值。文章以民族地区全国乡村振兴示范县(16个县)为样本,基于“起点—动力”假说,实证测度和分析民族地区乡村旅游的发展水平及影响其发展的外源因素。结果表明:(1)民族地区乡村旅游发展水平整体处于中等水平,空间上呈不均衡分布态势,差异显著;(2)乡村性能够显著促进乡村旅游发展水平提升,其作为关键影响因素,能够激发县域乡土文化活力,推动乡村发展;(3)乡村旅游分级指标中绿色生态、旅游支持、旅游活力、旅游效益与乡村旅游关联度均超过0.7,关联度较高,说明四大系统指标都能够促进示范县乡村旅游发展水平提升,从而推动乡村实现从“绿水青山”到“金山银山”的跨越。

想象的地方:废名1940年代乡土小说创作之转向

废名小说《莫须有先生坐飞机以后》以武汉会战为背景,在对中国战地社会状况的在场性叙述中,体现出作者因战争生态而产生的文学话语和思想立场转向。地方形象建构上,小说空间场域从“乡土黄梅”衍变到了“乡土中国”;叙述视角上,叙事者的身份境遇从“异乡客”过渡到了“跑反者”。废名书写主体的重建不仅意味着一个读书人在道路困惑与时代焦虑面前做出的自我审视和调整,其中还楔入了重造民族精神的思想命题,反映着他对民族国家建构的政治思考。整部小说不失为现代知识分子受救世情怀主导而形成的政治想象。