THE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING OF CHINA NATIONAL SERVICE STANDARD OF 2005-2008

According to the prime task of ''readjusting industrial structure,energetically developing service industry, completing service standards and promoting servicelevel'', which are raised in the 10th Five-Year Plan Outline of National Economy and SocialDevelopment, Standardization Administration of China (SAC), National Development and ReformCommission, Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People'' s Republic of China, Ministry of Constructionof P.R.C, Ministry of Commerce of the People''s Republic of China, Ministry of Culture of the People''s Republic of China, the People''s Bank of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.C (AQSIQ), the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television,State General Administration of Sport, National Tourism Administration, China Seismological Bureau,China Meteorological Administration, China Insurance Regulatory Commission, State Post Bureau, StateCultural Relics, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau, China NationalTechnical Committee 264 on Service of Standardization Administration of China, China Consumers''Association and China National Institute of Standardization had compiled and officially ratified theDevelopment Planning of National Service Standard 2005-2008 by the end of 2005.

CASC Signed First Commercial Launch Service Deal for a National Program

CASC and China Academy of Sciences (CAS) signed a contract on the development of launch vehicles for the satellite project Strategic Pioneer Program on space science on October 31 in Beijing.According to the contract, CGWIC is the general contractor to arrange the launch service and SAST is responsible for developing three LM-2D launch vehicles. It was the first time that LM launch vehicle would be used for a national program in a commercial mode. This new attempt was expected to

The United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service(UN-NGLS)

Civil society is the'third sector'of society,along with government and business.It comprises civil society organizations and non-governmental organizations.The UN recognizes the importance of par tnering with civil society,because it advances the Organization’s ideals,and helps support its work.

Diagnostic accuracy of administrative database for bile duct cancer by ICD-10 code in a tertiary institute in Korea

Background:Administrative database provides valuable information for large cohort studies,especially when tissue diagnosis is rather difficult such as the diagnosis for bile duct cancer(BDC).The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of administrative database for BDC by International Classification of Diseases(ICD)-10 codes in a tertiary institute.Methods:BDC and control groups were collected from 2003 to 2016 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital.Cases of BDC were identified in the National Health Insurance Service(NHIS)database by ICD 10-code supported by V code.The control group was selected from cases without ICD-10 codes for BDC.A definite or possible diagnosis was defined according to pathologic reports.Medical records,images,and pathology reports were analyzed to evaluate ICD-10 codes for BDC.Sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value for BDC were analyzed according to diagnostic criteria and cancer locations.Results:A total of 1707 patients with BDC and 1707 controls were collected.Among those with BDC,1320(77.3%)were diagnosed by definite criteria.Most(99.4%)of them had adenocarcinoma.Rate of definite diagnosis was the highest for ampulla of Vater(88.9%),followed by that for extrahepatic(84.9%)and intrahepatic(68.3%)BDCs.False positive cases commonly had hepatocellular carcinomas.For overall diagnosis of BDC,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value were 99.94%,98.33%,98.30%,and 99.94%,respectively.Diagnostic accuracies were similar regardless of diagnostic criteria or tumor locations.Conclusions:Administrative database for BDC collected according to ICD-10 code with V code shows good accuracy.

Comparative Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus among in-Mates and Low Risk Voluntary Blood Donors in Garissa, Kenya

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a potentially life-threatening infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. This creates a high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B infection poses a major health concern globally. It is estimated that 257 million people are infected globally with 780,000 deaths reported annually. In Kenya, HBV prevalence stands at chronic states of intermediate range (5% - 7%) and high (≥8%) with regional variations. Garissa County carries a high HBV infection risk with a reported prevalence of 14.1% in pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics. This study was carried out to determine and compare the seroprevalence of HBV among in-mates and voluntary blood donors at Garissa Main Prison and Garissa County referral hospital respectively in Garissa, Kenya. A total of 130 in-mates and 130 voluntary blood donors were sampled in this study. Serum was tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using a rapid test cassette (Amitech Diagnostics Inc.). A questionnaire was also used to collect socio-demographic factors of the study participants. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Majority of the study participants were males (86.9% among inmates and 95.4% among blood donors). Majority (76.2%) of the in-mates and of the donors (83.1%) were aged between 20 - 40 years while majority (51.4% of the donors and 81.5% of in mates) had only a primary school level of education. HBV seroprevalence was significantly higher among in mates compared to blood donors. Out of the total number of in-mates tested, 7 (5.4%) were HBV seropositive. Conversely, among blood donors 4 (3.1%) were seropositive. There was a significant association between HBV seropositivity and gender among both the blood donors and in-mates. There was no significant association between HBV seropositivity and both level of education and age. No data currently exists on HBV seroprevalence in Kenyan prisons and these study findings may be used as a proxy for other prisons within the country. Further studies to determine other predisposing risk factors should be conducted. Additionally, molecular studies to determine circulating HBV genotypes in this group of people and region are required.

A National Network of Community Service Has Taken Shape

Aiming at enhancing the reform of ur-ban social welfare services and meeting thedemands for pluralistic life services in citiesand towns,community service projects havesprung up in many of China’s large and me-

Current status and future development of Chinese Government Public Information Online

Since its launch last year, the Chinese Government Public Information Online(CGPIO) platform's basic construction has developed rapidly. This paper describes the technology and service status of the platform, analyzes its problems, and details the future development of the alliance platform in the future.

Virtual globe-based integration and sharing service method of GeoSpatial Information

How to integrate and disseminate globally distributed multi-source and heterogeneous spatial information is an open problem in integration and sharing service of geographic information. Here we propose a new service architecture suitable for integra- tion and sharing of distributed multi-source geographic information. We also propose a global virtual pyramid model, which can be applied in 3D virtual globes. In view of the difficulty of web multi-node geographic information sharing service, we propose a web multi-node service aggregation method, integrated in our autonomously developed virtual globe platform Geo- Globe and introduced in the National Platform for Common GeoSpatial Information Services named ＂T1ANDITU＂. It achieves 2D and 3D integration for geographic information service.

Evolving Values and How They Have Shaped the United States National Park System

As one of the oldest and best-known park systems,the US National Park System continues to influence park systems around the world.However,the origins and wide diversity of US national parks are often not fully understood as there is a long-lived misconception that the large western parks represent the entirety of the US National Park System.In fact,the establishment of the first US national parks was heavily influenced by large 19th-century picturesque urban parks that provided benefits to the public and society.The foundational concept of national parks serving a public purpose has never changed,however,the types of landscapes selected as national parks have changed as societal values have evolved and now the system provides public benefits beyond those originally envisioned.This paper examines the development of the US National Park System,emphasising the evolution of landscape values.The emergence of the cultural landscape concept illustrates the evolution of landscape values from their early antecedents in the late 19th century to their contributions to innovative conservation strategies today.Throughout the development of the US National Park System,international exchange has and continues to play a pivotal role,advancing the inter-linkages of culture and nature for the most effective conservation.

Comparison of the medical security system between the United Kingdom and China

In this day and age,few issues have aroused more bitter controversy than the one of how to keep the balance between fairness and cost-effectiveness in healthcare system.On one hand,a well-designed healthcare system