Muslim Identity in Contemporary China Through the Lens of Chinese Nationalism

This article focuses on the concept of Chinese nationalism as a building and unifying tool of the nation.The Uyghurs are taken as a Muslim representative ethnic group in China as its forced Sinicization is the focus of global discussion,and the contention between the Uyghurs and the China state has become an international problem and a political headache for Beijing.This primarily Muslim group is one of the most numerous ethnic minorities in China,and has been affected by the assimilation policies adopted by the Chinese authorities with the purpose of strengthening the Chinese nation-state.The rise of national spirit in Chinese youth is unquestionable.Nation building has succeeded in almost all provinces.Only in a few of them does the state have to launch special educational and ideological programs,and sometimes resort to coercion to be successful.The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the Chinese nation building project is not complete despite the great efforts of the authorities.

民族,国族和Nation:安德森Nationalism理论的误译问题

安德森写的《想象的共同体》,早已成为nationalism理论经典,受到了台湾和大陆学界的热捧。但是na-tion一词翻译大有问题,原本nation涵盖了中文"民族","国族"两重意义,单纯译为"民族"不妥。从分析这一误译出发,作者指出《想象的共同体》一书的论述逻辑有将欧洲历史经验泛化的嫌疑,nationalism论述包含语音中心主义不适于中国语言文化,nationalism中的宗教因素和殖民地流动因素在中国历史文化并不适用。

Confronting Nuclear Tyranny: Role of Eco-nationalism in Development of Environmental Movement in Ukraine

In the USSR there has never been a “pure” environmental movement. Dictate of Moscow in decision-making led to the location of a disproportionately large number of the nuclear power stations and industrial enterprises on the territory of Ukraine. Chernobyl accident demonstrated the consequences of this approach and became the symbol of inequality of relations between the member nations in the Soviet Union. Therefore, environmentalism and nationalism in many Soviet Republics had convergence albeit to varying degrees. The purpose of this research is to contribute to the further understanding and interpretation of the concept of eco-nationalism, proposed by J. Dawson. The article demonstrates that the basis for its development in Ukrainian USSR was not only the Chernobyl accident, but also the expansion of the nuclear facilities in Ukraine (what can be considered nuclear tyranny) along with the existence of a large number of industrial enterprises that polluted the environment. The article also explores the role of nationalism in the originating the environmental movement in the republic.

The Role of Social Networks as a Public Sphere During the Rise of Chinese Cybernationalism

The nationalism is gradually expanding among the Chinese internauts,but few investigations about the Chinese nationalism’s dissemination over social networks have been done.This study focuses on the structure of social networks used by the Chinese cybernationalists,and their contribution as a public sphere to the Chinese nationalism will be examined,which leads to the understanding of the informational attribute of the Chinese cybernationalism.Also,the communication model showed by the social networks will be defined,so the role of the opinion leaders during the rise of Chinese nationalism can be evaluated.

Buddhist Nationalism as Social Movement in Political Transition:MaBaTha Movement in Myanmar

Aggressive Buddhist nationalism has emerged as a considerable societal issue in Myanmar and a threat to peaceful coexistence in this multi-religious and multi-ethnic country since the political transition.The paper argues that the integration of strong religious capacity and strong political needs is the main reason for the rapid development of Buddhist nationalism in Myanmar since 2011.To be specific,strong religious capacity provides possibilities,and strong political needs create the necessity for the rapid development of Buddhist nationalism.Taking the MaBaTha movement as an example,the paper concludes the developing trajectory and characteristics of the movement.In terms of strong religious capability of Buddhism,the authority and legitimacy of Buddhism in Myanmar lay the foundation for the emergence and expansion of MaBaTha;on the other hand,powerful social network of Buddhism and the extensive community service provided by Buddhist organizations makes MaBaTha have strong mobilization capabilities.In terms of strong domestic political needs,the economic and social realities during the period of political transition made MaBaTha’s claims be widely accepted in Myanmar,and political elites’mobilization form was the driving force for the organization’s rapid development.Finally,four suggestions are put forward on how to tackle the challenges brought by Buddhist nationalism in Myanmar.

The“Strong Nationalism”Fallacy

Strong nationalism has now become a buzzword in Western press or academiccomments on China and also an important argument for the“China threat”. SomeWestern scholars assert that rising Chinese nationalism will lead to external expan-sion and hegemonism. Not a few Western scholars have challenged this

Abe's Nationalism and His Policy Practice

Nationalism threatens to imbue modern Japan with a rationale for increased militarism.Post-war nationalism was a reason Japan had launched war abroad,but the reinvigoration of Japanese nationalism is burgeoning under two-term Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.His sense of nationalism,which has domestic and international repercussions,has developed under the influence of his family political genes.Abe's nationalism is being carried out in internal and external policies,with increasingly negative impact on domestic and regional order.The international community should remain vigilant of his right-wing politics.

Neoteric Nationalism in India: Secular or Religious?

The nationalism in India emerged with the national movement as an urge of political independence,but it is not necessarily a derivative of nationalism.In this post-independence period,the concept took a drastic change from politico-cultural nationalism to particularistic nationalism of many groups and now essentially religious nationalism.The present blend of nationalism is interpreted as Hindu nationalism.It evolved from nationhood to nationalism.In this open world,Indian nationalism has been unrolled with a Hindu dominating policy due to which religion in India got politicized.The surge of religion is too high in India has become an important political agenda.It has shuttered the participation of the religious minority from the mainstream of politics.This paper is an endeavour to present this new discourse of Indian nationalism which emerged at the backdrop ofHinduism.

Visual Nationalism and Communal Rituals:Park Saengkwang’s Art and Korean Shamanism

This paper analyzes Park Saengkwang(1904-1985)’s artwork,created in the 1980s and influenced by Musok,Korean Shamanism.It explores Musok’s thematic significance in the development of his distinctive style and the inspiration behind his stylistic changes.Park’s ink paintings are done in bold and intense colors and create an intriguing,mysterious mood,inviting the viewers to the primordial visual experience and exposing its viewers to Korean Shamanism,which has endured the perception that fluctuated between positive and negative throughout Korean history.The practice became a fitting cultural emblem associated with the national identity during the 1970s and 1980s,and thus became a way for Park to explicitly articulate his cultural roots,creating a visual connotation of“Korean.”His art,portraying gut,Korean shamanistic communal rituals,could be conceived as a pictorial rendering of the idea of kibok,praying for good fortune,and served as a pujŏk,talisman paper,that possesses magical healing and protecting power.By striving to overcome the stylistic conflicts between Korean and Japanese,or traditional and Western,Park’s art accomplished the visual rhetoric of national aesthetic sensitivity that built on the communal thoughts and cultural experience of shamanism in the modern history of Korea.

Uses and Abuses of Nationalism in Contemporary Croatian Football

The paper argues that in the contemporary world,politics and football,especially professional football,are closely connected.This interplay is often expressed through a strong presence of nationalism,both as ideology and political practice in the social fields where football and politics overlap.Since Croatia gained its independence,it has been among the countries where many protagonists of the most popular sport and politics are linked by a strong bond.That bond is strongly marked by various shapes of nationalism,from collective perception of the national team as an ideal symbol of the young nation and frequent overstatements of its connection with the nation made by many sympathizers and protagonists of football in Croatia,to chauvinist and politically extremist behaviour of one part of the fans.The essential research question is what the prevalent causes and patterns of use and abuse of nationalism in contemporary Croatian football are.The paper displays the results based on the triangulation of various research methods,particularly the ones that lead to relevant data on the complex and diverse(objective,subjective,and constructed)experience of nationalism among the organized fans in Croatia,to observing and participating,talking with fan club members,to exploring media production and political communication pertinent to this topic.

Paradiplomacy for Non-recognized States:Case of Palestine

This paper endeavours to elucidate the intricacies of Palestinian Paradiplomacy,focusing in the political impetus pioneered by its principle actors,namely the Palestine Liberation Organisation(PLO)and subsequently,the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority(PNA).Additionally,attention will be directed towards the creation of the Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs(PMOFA)and its subsidiary,the Palestinian International Cooperation Agency(PICA),albeit briefly discussed.Drawing inspiration from Alexander S.Kuznetsov’s seminal work“Theory and Practice of Paradiplomacy:Subnational Governments in International Affairs”(2015),this paper tries to scrutinize the trajectory of Palestinian paradiplomacy and its evolutionary course over time.When it comes to activity and growth,Palestinian paradiplomacy has a unique profile.The way in which topics pertaining to nations are not yet recognized has a great deal of bearing on current discussions and academic research about urgent political concerns like the right to self-determination and human rights.The analysis of de facto states via the prism of paradiplomacy naturally arises from the dominant state recognition procedures in international politics.

State,Communal,and Individual Identities in Iran

Cultural identity in Iran is comprised of four primary elements,each of which have proven to be highly resonant in the country political history.The vexing issue of modernity,and where individuals and collectivities are placed in relation to it,has been one of the most prominent of these elements of Iranian identity.A second constitutive factor has been the role of the state as a deliberate crafter of cultural,in turn directly influencing the salience,interpretation,extent,and direction of modernity,or its antithesis,in Iran.Equally defining has been the role and significance of religion,which has emerged as a marker of individual and collective,as well as political,identities.Nationalism,and its compelling impulse across Iranian society especially from the early 1900s and continuing until today,has also emerged as an integral and inseparable feature of Iranian identity.Together,these four elements―modernity,a culturally intrusive state,religion and religiosity,and nationalism―constitute fluid yet constant,sometimes complementary and sometimes competing,dimensions of Iranian identity.

US-China Relations:Nationalism,the Trade War,and COVID-19

The trade war between the USA and China has shocked many across the world.A disruption to the interdependence of the two largest economies seemed unfathomable.However,in an effort to thwart China’s economic practices and boost the US economy,President Trump’s administration levied tariffs on Chinese imports shortly after taking office,moving US foreign economic policy from liberalism,practiced for decades,to protectionism.China has retaliated,and the trade war continues today.With conceptual insights from the nationalism literature,we explore the nationalist roots of the trade war from both the US and Chinese perspectives.In the USA,the Trump administration’s plan to achieve energy autonomy,decrease reliance on foreign resources,and reinvigorate the manufacturing sector has led to protectionist policies,the othering of China,and hence the trade war.Although reluctant to enter the conflict,China has rebuffed the USA,resisting and counterattacking US actions,owing to a long-felt sense of persecution in the global space and an eagerness to participate fully,and lead in some issue areas,in international affairs.The conflict continues into the COVID-19 era,marked by US scapegoating of China and hits to economic performance.Until both sides are convinced they have achieved their goals,or the USA undergoes an administration change,the conflict will likely continue.

Scientific Advances and Weather Services of the China Meteorological Administration’s National Forecasting Systems during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics

Since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was the first Winter Olympics in history held in continental winter monsoon climate conditions across complex terrain areas,there is a deficiency of relevant research,operational techniques,and experience.This made providing meteorological services for this event particularly challenging.The China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre,achieved breakthroughs in research on short-and medium-term deterministic and ensemble numerical predictions.Several key technologies crucial for precise winter weather services during the Winter Olympics were developed.A comprehensive framework,known as the Operational System for High-Precision Weather Forecasting for the Winter Olympics,was established.Some of these advancements represent the highest level of capabilities currently available in China.The meteorological service provided to the Beijing 2022 Games also exceeded previous Winter Olympic Games in both variety and quality.This included achievements such as the“100-meter level,minute level”downscaled spatiotemporal resolution and forecasts spanning 1 to 15 days.Around 30 new technologies and over 60 kinds of products that align with the requirements of the Winter Olympics Organizing Committee were developed,and many of these techniques have since been integrated into the CMA’s operational national forecasting systems.These accomplishments were facilitated by a dedicated weather forecasting and research initiative,in conjunction with the preexisting real-time operational forecasting systems of the CMA.This program represents one of the five subprograms of the WMO’s high-impact weather forecasting demonstration project(SMART2022),and continues to play an important role in their Regional Association(RA)II Research Development Project(Hangzhou RDP).Therefore,the research accomplishments and meteorological service experiences from this program will be carried forward into forthcoming highimpact weather forecasting activities.This article provides an overview and assessment of this program and the operational national forecasting systems.

Observation of Arctic surface currents using data from a surface drifting buoy

During the 10th Chinese Arctic scientific expedition carried out in the summer of 2019,the surface current in the high-latitude areas of the Arctic Ocean was observed using a self-developed surface drifting buoy,which was initially deployed in the Chukchi Sea.The buoy traversed the Chukchi Sea,Chukchi Abyssal Plain,Mendeleev Ridge,Makarov Basin,and Canada Basin over a period of 632 d.After returning to the Mendeleev Ridge,it continued to drift toward the pole.Overall,the track of the buoy reflected the characteristics of the transpolar drift and Chukchi Slope Current,as well as the inertial flow,cross-ridge surface flow,and even the surface disorganized flow for some time intervals.The results showed that:(1)the transpolar drift mainly occurs in the Chukchi Abyssal Plain,Mendeleev Ridge,and western Canada Basin to the east of the ridge where sea ice concentration is high,and the average northward flow velocity in the region between 79.41°N and 86.32°N was 5.1 cm/s;(2)the average surface velocity of the Chukchi Slope Current was 13.5 cm/s,and while this current moves westward along the continental slope,it also extends northwestward across the continental slope and flows to the deep sea;and(3)when sea ice concentration was less than 50%,the inertial flow was more significant(the maximum observed inertial flow was 26 cm/s,and the radius of the inertia circle was 3.6 km).

Progress in neurorehabilitation research and the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2010 to 2022

The National Natural Science Foundation of China is one of the major funding agencies for neuro rehabilitation research in China.This study reviews the frontier directions and achievements in the field of neurorehabilitation in China and wo rldwide.We used data from the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC) database to analyze the publications and data provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to analyze funding information.In addition,the prospects for neurorehabilitation research in China are discussed.From 2010 to 2022,a total of 74,220 publications in neurorehabilitation were identified,with there being an overall upward tendency.During this period,the National Natural Science Foundation of China has funded 476 research projects with a total funding of 192.38 million RMB to support neuro rehabilitation research in China.With the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China has made some achievements in neurorehabilitation research.Research related to neurorehabilitation is believed to be making steady and significant progress in China.

Associations between remnant cholesterol levels and mortality in patients with diabetes

BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is frequently present in patients with diabetes.The associations of remnant cholesterol and mortality remains unclear in patients with diabetes.AIM To explore the associations of remnant cholesterol with all-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality in patients with diabetes.METHODS This prospective cohort study included 4740 patients with diabetes who par-ticipated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 through 2018.Remnant cholesterol was used as the exposure variable,and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were considered outcome events.Outcome data were obtained from the National Death Index,and all participants were followed from the interview date until death or December 31,2019.Multivariate proportional Cox regression models were used to explore the associations between exposure and outcomes,in which remnant cholesterol was modeled as both a categorical and a continuous variable.Restricted cubic splines(RCSs)were calculated to assess the nonlinearity of associations.Subgroup(stratified by sex,age,body mass index,and duration of diabetes)and a series of sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the associations.RESULTS During a median follow-up duration of 83 months,1370 all-cause deaths and 389 cardiovascular deaths were documented.Patients with remnant cholesterol levels in the third quartile had a reduced risk of all-cause mortality[hazard ratio(HR)95%confidence interval(CI):0.66(0.52-0.85)];however,when remnant cholesterol was modeled as a continuous variable,it was associated with increased risks of all-cause[HR(95%CI):1.12(1.02-1.21)per SD]and cardiovascular[HR(95%CI):1.16(1.01-1.32),per SD]mortality.The RCS demonstrated nonlinear associations of remnant cholesterol with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Subgroup and sensitivity analyses did not reveal significant differences from the above results.CONCLUSION In patients with diabetes,higher remnant cholesterol was associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality,and diabetes patients with slightly higher remnant cholesterol(0.68-1.04 mmol/L)had a lower risk of all-cause mortality.

Perceived stress among staff in Saudi Arabian dental colleges before and after an accreditation process: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Accreditation processes are extensively employed to guarantee the quality of higher education institutions.However,this process can potentially generate a stressful atmosphere for staff,thus impacting their ability to perform optimally under pressure.AIM To examine the knowledge of the National Commission for Academic Assessment and Accreditation(NCAAA)and its effects on perceived stress among dental college staff before and after the program accreditation process.METHODS The present cross-sectional questionnaire-based study included 300 employees from three dental colleges.The same employees had to fill out the questionnaire 1 mo after the NCAAA process.RESULTS Approximately 51.33%of the included employees believed that NCAAA is essential to attract quality students to join the program before and after the program.A total of 44.67%felt that their stress was high before,and 31.33%had low stress levels before and after NCAAA.These findings were statistically significant(P≤0.05).CONCLUSION NCAAA raised the prestige of the institution and specific programmes and increased prospects to attract better students,staff,and money,according to the employees.In addition to their needed teaching,research,and other service responsibilities,this work requires a tremendous amount of faculty effort and may cause them stress.

Impact of pre- and peri-operative risk factors on length of stay and hospital readmission following minimally-invasive partial nephrectomy

Objective:We conducted an analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for minimally-invasive partial nephrectomy cases reported with the goal to identify pre-and peri-operative variables associated with length of stay(LOS)greater than 3 days and readmission within 30 days.Methods:Records from 2008 to 2018 for“laparoscopy,surgical;partial nephrectomy”for prolonged LOS and readmission cohorts were compiled.Univariate analysis with Chi-square,t-tests,and multivariable logistic regression analysis with odds ratios(ORs),p-values,and 95%confidence intervals assessed statistical associations.Results:Totally,20306 records for LOS greater than 3 days and 15854 for readmission within 30 days were available.Univariate and multivariable analysis exhibited similar results.For LOS greater than 3 days,undergoing non-elective surgery(OR=5.247),transfusion of greater than four units within 72 h prior to surgery(OR=5.072),pre-operative renal failure or dialysis(OR=2.941),and poor pre-operative functional status(OR=2.540)exhibited the strongest statistically significant associations.For hospital readmission within 30 days,loss in body weight greater than 10%in 6 months prior to surgery(OR=2.227)and bleeding disorders(OR=2.081)exhibited strongest statistically significant associations.Conclusion:Multiple pre-and peri-operative risk factors are independently associated with prolonged LOS and hospital readmission within 30 days of surgery using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data.Recognizing the risks factors that can potentially be improved prior to minimally-invasive partial nephrectomy is crucial to informing patient selection,optimization strategies,and patient education.

Chinese herbal medicine decreases incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetes mellitus patients with regular insulin management

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)is an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),while insulin is a potent mitogen.Identifying a new therapeutic modality for preventing insulin users from developing HCC is a critical goal for researchers.AIM To investigate whether regular herbal medicine use can decrease HCC risk in DM patients with regular insulin control.METHODS We used data acquired from the Taiwan,Chinaese National Health Insurance research database between 2000 and 2017.We identified patients with DM who were prescribed insulin for>3 months.The herb user group was further defined as patients prescribed herbal medication for DM for>3 months per annum during RESULTS We initially enrolled 657144 DM patients with regular insulin use from 2000 to 2017.Among these,46849 patients had used a herbal treatment for DM,and 140547 patients were included as the matched control group.The baseline variables were similar between the herb users and nonusers.DM patients with regular herb use had a 12%decreased risk of HCC compared with the control group[adjusted hazard ratio(aHR)=0.88,95%CI=0.80–0.97].The cumulative incidence of HCC in the herb users was significantly lower than that of the nonusers.Patients with a herb use of>5 years cumulatively exhibited a protective effect against development of HCC(aHR=0.82,P<0.05).Of patients who developed HCC,herb users exhibited a longer survival time than nonusers(aHR=0.78,P=0.0001).Additionally,we report the top 10 herbs and formulas in prescriptions and summarize the potential pharmacological effects of the constituents.Our analysis indicated that Astragalus propinquus(Huang Qi)plus Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(Dan Shen),and Astragalus propinquus(Huang Qi)plus Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.(Tian Hua Fen)were the most frequent combination of single herbs.Meanwhile,Ji Sheng Shen Qi Wan plus Dan Shen was the most frequent combination of herbs and formulas.CONCLUSION This large-scale retrospective cohort study reveals that herbal medicine may decrease HCC risk by 12%in DM patients with regular insulin use.