Are Ni/and Ni5Fe1/biochar catalysts suitable for synthetic natural gas production?A comparison with g-Al2O3 supported catalysts

Among challenges implicit in the transition to the post-fossil fuel energetic model,the finite amount of resources available for the technological implementation of CO_(2) revalorizing processes arises as a central issue.The development of fully renewable catalytic systems with easier metal recovery strategies would promote the viability and sustainability of synthetic natural gas production circular routes.Taking Ni and NiFe catalysts supported over g-Al_(2)O_(3) oxide as reference materials,this work evaluates the potentiality of Ni and NiFe supported biochar catalysts for CO_(2) methanation.The development of competitive biochar catalysts was found dependent on the creation of basic sites on the catalyst surface.Displaying lower Turn Over Frequencies than Ni/Al catalyst,the absence of basic sites achieved over Ni/C catalyst was related to the depleted catalyst performances.For NiFe catalysts,analogous Ni_(5)Fe_(1) alloys were constituted over both alumina and biochar supports.The highest specific activity of the catalyst series,exhibited by the NiFe/C catalyst,was related to the development of surface basic sites along with weaker NiFe-C interactions,which resulted in increased Ni0:NiO surface populations under reaction conditions.In summary,the present work establishes biochar supports as a competitive material to consider within the future low-carbon energetic panorama.

CeO_2-ZrO_2-La_2O_3-Al_2O_3 composite oxide and its supported palladium catalyst for the treatment of exhaust of natural gas engined vehicles

Composite supports CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3（CZA） and CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-La2O3（CZALa） were prepared by co-precipitation method. Palladium catalysts were prepared by impregnation and their purification ability for CH4, CO and NOx in the mixture gas simulated the exhaust from natural gas vehicles （NGVs） operated under stoichiometric condition was investigated. The effect of La2O3 on the physicochemical properties of supports and catalysts was characterized by various techniques. The characterizations with X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the doping of La2O3 restrained effectively the sintering of crystallite particles, maintained the crystallite particles in nanoscale and stabilized the crystal phase after calcination at 1000 ℃. The results of N2-adsorption, H2-temperatnre-programmed reduction （H2-TPR） and oxygen storage capacity （OSC） measurements indicated that La2O3 improved the textural properties, reducibility and OSC of composite supports. Activity testing results showed that the catalysts exhibit excellent activities for the simultaneous removal of methane, CO and NOx in the simulated exhaust gas. The catalysts supported on CZALa showed remarkable thermal stability and catalytic activity for the three pollutants, especially for NOx. The prepared palladium catalysts have high ability to remove NOx, CH4 and CO, and they can be used as excellent catalysts for the purification of exhaust from NGVs operated under stoichiometric condition. The catalysts reported in this work also have significant potential in industrial application because of their high performance and low cost.

Effect of cobalt oxide on performance of Pd catalysts for lean-burn natural gas vehicles in the presence and absence of water vapor

Pd-based catalysts modified by cobalt were prepared by co-impregnation and sequential impregnation methods,and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）,N2 adsorption/desorption （Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method）,CO-chemisorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）.The activity of Pd catalysts was tested in the simulated exhaust gas from lean-burn natural gas vehicles.The effect of Co on the performance of water poisoning resistance for Pd catalysts was estimated in the simulated exhaust gas with and without the presence of water vapor.It was found that the effect of Co significantly depended on the preparation process.PdCo/La-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by co-impregnation exhibited better water-resistant performance.The results of XPS indicated that both CoAl2O4 and Co3O4 were present in the Pd catalysts modified by Co.For the catalyst prepared by sequential impregnation method,the ratio of CoAl2O4/Co3O4 was higher than that of the catalyst prepared by co-impregnation method.It could be concluded that Co3O4 played an important role in improving water-resistant performance.

Novel Oxygen Storage Components Promoted Palladium Catalysts for Emission Control in Natural Gas Powered Engines

A three-way catalyst comprised novel oxygen storage components for emission control in natural gas powered engines was prepared. The addition of novel oxygen storage components to the Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalysts resulted in improved activities of the fresh and aged catalyst by lowering the light-off temperature for methane in natural gas engines exhaust.

Pineapple Juice as a Natural Catalyst: An Excellent Catalyst for Biginelli Reaction

An efficient and greener synthesis of a series of dihydropyrimidinone (DHPMs) derivatives were accomplished via three-component one-pot cyclocondensation between substituted aryl aldehydes, diketone/ke- toester and urea. This solvent free approach is totally nonpolluting having several advantages such as shorter reaction time, mild reaction conditions, simple workup and reduced environmental impact.

Study of a Catalyst for Energy-Saving Natural Gas Steam Reforming

The DS-1 catalyst for energy-saving natural gas steam reforming was preparedby using potash as a carbon-resistant additive and adding rare earth oxide. The catalystdemonstrated good reducibility, carbon resistance, activity and stability in aging tests and 500 hstability tests at low water/carbon ratios.

Mo supported on natural rectorite catalyst for slurry-phase hydrocracking of vacuum residue:An effect of calcination

In order to develop high-efficiency and low-cost catalyst for the slurry-phase hydrocracking of vacuum residue(VR),the catalyst supported on natural rectorite was prepared,and the effect of calcination modification of rectorite on the catalyst properties and performance was investigated.The support of rectorite and catalyst were characterized by XRD,FTIR,Py-FTIR,H_(2)-TPR and XPS to examine their structures and properties.The comparative reaction results show that VR conversions for the catalysts supported on calcined rectorite were similar with that on raw rectorite,possibly due to the VR cracking reaction controlled by the thermal cracking following free radical mechanism because of few acid sites observed on the catalysts surface.However,the yields of naphtha and middle distillates for the various catalysts were obviously different,and increased following as Rec-Mo(40.4 wt%)

Sono-Transesterification of Kapok Seed Oil with CaO:BaO-(x:y)/Active Natural Zeolite Catalyst

Kapok seed oil is an environmentally friendly biodiesel feedstock.The problem of the best catalyst for transester-ification of Kapok seed oil still continues today.The research developed a base-heterogeneous catalyst with the effect of ultrasonic waves during transesterification.So,the study aims:(1)to determine the type of natural zeolite used,(2)to determine the characteristics of the synthesized CaO:BaO/ANZ catalyst,and(3)to determine the effectiveness of the CaO:BaO/ANZ catalyst in the biodiesel production process through sono-transeste rification of kapok seed oil.The research stages consisted of:(1)activation of natural zeolite and its characterization,(2)preparation of CaO:BaO/ANZ catalyst,(3)characterization of CaO:BaO/ANZ catalyst,(4)esterification and uti-lization of catalyst in the transesterification,(5)analysis of transesterified products.The results showed that the natural zeolite type from the southerm area of Malang is mordenite(MOR)type.Then,after the natural zeolite was impregnated,the obtained catalyst compositions were CaO:BaO-9:9/ANZ,CaO:BaO-14:9/ANZ,and CaO:BaO-4:11/ANZ with a surface area of 129.7;124.6;128.5 m^(2)/g,and acidity of 1.037;0.254;and 0.685 mmol/g,respectively.The best catalyst for transesterification of kapok seed oil was CaO:BaO-9:9/ANZ,which resulted in a biodiesel yield of 73.6%with a density of 889.6 kg/m^(3) and kinematic viscosity of 2.987 cSt.The characteristics of the produced biodiesel meet requirement of SNI 7182:2015.

Obtaining and Reviewing X-ray Diffraction Analysis of the Uranium Catalyst SAPO-U, W, V Based on Natural Zeolite Chankanayskoe Deposits for the Oxidation of S02 to S03

We first obtained by impregnating the zeolite with salts U, W and V and examined the X-ray uranium catalyst SAPO-U, W, V based on natural zeolite Chankanayskogoe deposits for the oxidation of SO2 to SO3.

CO_2 selective hydrogenation to synthetic natural gas(SNG) over four nano-sized Ni/ZrO_2 samples:ZrO_2 crystalline phase & treatment impact

Two type zirconia (monoclinic and tetragonal phase ZrO2) carriers were synthesized via hydrothermal route, and nano-sized zirconia supported nickel catalysts were prepared by incipient impregnation then followed thermal treatment at 300 °C to 500 °C, for the CO2selective hydrogenation to synthetic natural gas (SNG). The catalysts were characterized by XRD, CO2-TPD-MS, XPS, TPSR (CH4, CO2) techniques. For comparison, the catalyst NZ-W-400 (monoclinic) synthesized in water solvent exhibited a better catalytic activity than the catalyst NZ-M-400 (tetragonal) prepared in methanol solvent. The catalyst NZ-W-400 displayed more H2absorbed sites, more basic sites and a lower temperature of initial CO2activation. Then, the thermal treatment of monoclinic ZrO2supported nickel precursor was manufactured at three temperature of 350, 400, 500 °C. The TPSR experiments displayed that there were the lower temperature for CO2activation and initial conversion (185 °C) as well as the lower peak temperature of CH4generation (318 °C), for the catalyst calcined at 500 °C. This sample contained the more basic sites and the higher catalytic activity, evidenced byCO2-TPD-MS and performance measurement. As for the NZ-W-350 sample, which exhibited the less basic sites and the lower catalytic activity, its initial temperature for CO2activation and conversion was higher (214 °C) as well as the higher peak temperature of CH4formation (382 °C). © 2016 Science Press

Review on Innovative Catalytic Reforming of Natural Gas to Syngas

Decreasing supplies of high quality crude oil and increasing demand for high quality distillates have motivated the interest in converting natural gas to liquid fuels, especially with the present boom in natural gas proven reserves. Nevertheless, one major issue is the curtailment of costs incurred in producing synthesis gas from natural gas, which account for approximately 60% of the costs used in producing liquid fuels. While there are three main routes to convert natural gas to syngas: steam reforming (SMR), partial Oxidation (POX) and auto-thermal reforming (ATR). Significant new developments and improvements in these technologies, established innovative processes to minimize greenhouse gases emission, minimize energy consumption, enhance syngas processes, adjust the desired H2/CO ratio and change the baseline economics. This article reviews the state of the art for the reforming of natural gas to synthesis gas taking into consideration all the new innovations in both processes and catalysis.

Catalytic methanation reaction over alumina supported cobalt oxide doped noble metal oxides for the purification of simulated natural gas

A series of alumina supported cobalt oxide based catalysts doped with noble metals such as ruthenium and platinum were prepared by wet impregnation method.The variables studied were difference ratio and calcination temperatures.Pt/Co(10∶90)/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 700 ℃ was found to be the best catalyst which able to convert 70.10% of CO2 into methane with 47% of CH4 formation at maximum temperature studied of 400 ℃.X-ray diffraction analysis showed that this catalyst possessed the active site Co3O4 in face-centered cubic and PtO2 in the orthorhombic phase with Al2O3 existed in the cubic phase.According to the FESEM micrographs,both fresh and spent Pt/Co(10∶90)/Al2O3 catalysts displayed small particle size with undefined shape.Nitrogen Adsorption analysis showed that 5.50% reduction of the total surface area for the spent Pt/Co(10∶90)/Al2O3 catalyst.Meanwhile,Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis(EDX) indicated that Co and Pt were reduced by 0.74% and 0.14% respectively on the spent Pt/Co(10∶90)/Al2O3catalyst.Characterization using FT-IR and TGA-DTA analysis revealed the existence of residual nitrate and hydroxyl compounds on the Pt/Co(10∶90)/Al2O3 catalyst.

Pd基催化剂载体对天然气催化燃烧影响的研究进展

天然气广泛应用于化学品合成和交通运输等领域。甲烷作为天然气的主要成分,具有强温室效应,其不完全燃烧会对环境产生不利影响。催化燃烧技术是解决甲烷不完全燃烧问题的有效方法,其中钯(Pd)基催化剂是该技术的核心,而载体是影响Pd基催化剂甲烷催化燃烧催化活性的重要因素。首先,阐述了甲烷催化燃烧的机理。其次,总结了近年来国内外Pd基催化剂的研究进展:对于多孔颗粒载体型Pd基催化剂,研究聚焦于提升Pd分散性、稳定性与耐热性,以增强催化活性并降低Pd负载量,从而减少成本;而对于整体型Pd基催化剂,研究聚焦于提升有效比表面积、传热传质效率与结构稳定性,以适应大通量甲烷催化燃烧。最后,对用于甲烷催化燃烧的Pd基催化剂载体的未来研究发展趋势进行了展望,包括优化整体型Pd基催化剂骨架载体的涂敷工艺以提高催化效率、采用新型材料替代传统载体材料以制备高性能催化剂,以及进行载体全周期寿命实验以确保催化剂的长期稳定性。

甲烷化催化剂在高碳焦炉煤气制LNG项目中的应用

介绍了新疆某焦化厂高碳焦炉煤气制液化天然气(LNG)装置的概况及甲烷化工艺流程,重点分析了甲烷化催化剂在近3年间的运行情况。运行数据显示:甲烷化催化剂经过长周期运行,催化剂性能保持良好,甲烷化工段出口未检出CO和CO_(2),各反应器床层压差保持在初始值附近,未明显上升,且催化剂还具有较好的裂解功能。

基于水合物生成的多机制耦合储存天然气实验研究

探索了基于水合物生成的多机制耦合储存天然气的方法,以提高储存效率并降低环境影响。对不同温度、压力以及不同有机催化剂的使用对水合物生成和稳定性的影响进行了实验研究。结果表明:在低温(-5~15℃)和高压(3~12MPa)条件下,使用特定催化剂显著提高了水合物的生成速率和稳定性。特别是在-5℃和12MPa条件下,使用CAT-4502催化剂时,水合物的生成量达到最大值650m L,而稳定性评分(分解时间)高达84h。此外,水合物技术在温室气体排放和能源消耗方面表现出优越性,相比传统储存方法,可减少约40%的温室气体排放和38%的能源消耗。本研究为天然气的高效储存提供了新的视角,并展示了水合物技术在环境友好性和经济可行性方面的潜力。

氨基-磷酸改性铁基空心玻璃微珠催化剂用于天然气湿法氧化脱硫

目的为了避免常规天然气湿法氧化脱硫工艺中硫磺沉积引发的设备堵塞问题,开发了一种氨基-磷酸双官能团改性的铁基空心玻璃微珠(HGB)催化剂,用于脱硫-再生分步进行方案中脱硫富液的非均相催化氧化再生。方法采用红外光谱表征催化剂的结构。通过静态脱硫实验研究了硅烷偶联剂KH-550的配比、焙烧温度、FeCl 3投加量等因素对脱硫剂再生及脱硫效果的影响,并考查了催化剂的重复使用性能。结果氨基-磷酸改性铁基HGB催化剂可实现脱硫富液的有效再生,且能在酸性的脱硫液中保持稳定,在温度为300℃下焙烧6 h、HGB与KH-550质量比为1∶8、HGB与FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O质量比为1∶5的条件下制备的铁基HGB催化剂具有最佳催化性能,对脱硫液重复再生3次后,脱硫液性能基本保持稳定。红外光谱分析结果表明催化剂结构保持完好。结论氨基-磷酸改性铁基HGB催化剂在天然气湿法氧化脱硫领域中对脱硫富液的再生具有较好的效果,可为目前脱硫富液的再生提供新的选择。

Clariant科莱恩预转化催化剂在天然气制CO装置上的应用

Clariant的ReforMax^(■)100RS具有出色的预还原性能,可以有效地实现预转化反应。经过实验证明,该催化剂在天然气制CO装置上的应用效果显著,可以有效地改善装置的正常运行、紧急停工和恢复生产的情况。经过测试,该型催化剂表现出色,可以有效地用于制备天然气中的CO,具有良好的预转化性能。

煤制天然气生产中的新型催化剂研发及应用探究

本文主要探究煤制天然气生产中的新型催化剂研发及应用。介绍了传统催化剂存在的问题,重点阐述了新型催化剂的研发和应用,包括基于金属有机骨架材料和复合载体的催化剂。详细描述了新型催化剂的制备工艺和性能测试方法,并探讨了其在煤制天然气生产中的应用前景。验证了新型催化剂在提高产品质量、降低生产成本、减少环境污染等方面具有明显优势,为相关领域的研究和应用提供参考。

Ni/Al_2O_3 catalysts for CO methanation: Effect of Al_2O_3 supports calcined at different temperatures

The correlation between phase structures and surface acidity of Al2O3 supports calcined at different temperatures and the catalytic performance of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts in the production of synthetic natural gas(SNG) via CO methanation was systematically investigated. A series of 10 wt% NiO/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by the conventional impregnation method, and the phase structures and surface acidity of Al2O3 supports were adjusted by calcining the commercial γ-Al2O3 at different temperatures(600–1200 C). CO methanation reaction was carried out in the temperature range of 300–600 C at different weight hourly space velocities(WHSV = 30000 and 120000 mL·g-1h-1) and pressures(0.1 and 3.0 MPa). It was found that high calcination temperature not only led to the growth in Ni particle size, but also weakened the interaction between Ni nanoparticles and Al2O3 supports due to the rapid decrease of the specific surface area and acidity of Al2O3 supports. Interestingly, Ni catalysts supported on Al2O3 calcined at 1200 C(Ni/Al2O3-1200) exhibited the best catalytic activity for CO methanation under different reaction conditions. Lifetime reaction tests also indicated that Ni/Al2O3-1200 was the most active and stable catalyst compared with the other three catalysts, whose supports were calcined at lower temperatures(600, 800 and 1000 C). These findings would therefore be helpful to develop Ni/Al2O3 methanation catalyst for SNG production.

Ultralow-weight loading Ni catalyst supported on two-dimensional vermiculite for carbon monoxide methanation

Nickel-based catalysts represent the most commonly used systems for CO methanation.We have successfully prepared a Ni catalyst system supported on two-dimensional plasma-treated vermiculite（2D-PVMT）with a very low Ni loading（0.5 wt%）.The catalyst precursor was subjected to heat treatment via either conventional heat treatment（CHT）or the plasma irradiation method（PIM）.The as-obtained CHT-Ni/PVMT and PIM-Ni/PVMT catalysts were characterized with scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,energy dispersive X-ray（EDX）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）,inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy（ICP-AES）and high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy（HAADF-STEM）.Additionally,CHT-NiO/PVMT and PIM-NiO/PVMT catalysts were characterized with hydrogen temperature programmed reduction（H2-TPR）.Compared with CHT-Ni/PVMT,PIM-Ni/PVMT exhibited superior catalytic performance.The plasma treated catalyst PIM-Ni/PVMT achieved a CO conversion of93.5%and a turnover frequency（TOF）of 0.8537 s^-1,at a temperature of 450℃,a gas hourly space velocity of 6000 ml·g^-1·h^-1,a synthesis gas flow rate of 65 ml·min^-1,and a pressure of 1.5 MPa.Plasma irradiation may provide a successful strategy for the preparation of catalysts with very low metal loadings which exhibit excellent properties.