Breeding of a Natural Colored-Cocoon Bombyx mori Variety Shuhuang No.1

[Objective] This study aimed to develop a new Bombyx mori variety Shuhuang No.1 and investigate its characteristics.[Method] The new variety was developed through cross breeding and pedigree separation.Its characteristics were identified by laboratory tests and rural promotion practices in Sichuan Province.[Result]The cocoon produced by the new variety Shuhuang No.1 was golden-yellow and radiantly beautiful.Shuhuang No.1 was strong and easy to rear,uniform in development.The male and female ones could be distinguished by their larval color and markings.The cocoon yield per 10 000 the 4th instar larvae reached 20.30 kg; the length of a cocoon filament was about 1 115.0 m,and a non-broken filament was 882.95 mm long,accounting for 79.15％ of the total length.The raw silk ratio of fresh cocoon was 18.39％,and the neatness was 91.25 point.The main economic features of Shuhuang No.1 were better than those of the control.[Conclusion] The new variety had been approved by Sichuan Silkworm Evaluation Commission.It can be promoted in parent silkworm rearing areas Sichuan,Chongqing,Yangtze River basin.

Natural hydroxyanthraquinoid pigments as potent food grade colorants:an overview

Natural pigments and colorants are widely used in the world in many industries such as textile dying,food processing or cosmetic manufacturing.Among the natural products of interest are various compounds belonging to carotenoids,anthocyanins,chlorophylls,melanins,betalains...The review emphasizes pigments with anthraquinoid skeleton and gives an overview on hydroxyanthraquinoids described in Nature,the first one ever published.Trends in consumption,production and regulation of natural food grade colorants are given,in the current global market.The second part focuses on the description of the chemical structures of the main anthraquinoid colouring compounds,their properties and their biosynthetic pathways.Main natural sources of such pigments are summarized,followed by discussion about toxicity and carcinogenicity observed in some cases.As a conclusion,current industrial applications of natural hydroxyanthraquinoids are described with two examples,carminic acid from an insect and Arpink red^(™)from a filamentous fungus.

Study on the Genetics and Development of Fiber Pigments and Color Deviation After Wetting Process of Naturally Colored Cotton

The genetic control of fiber pigment color in naturally colored cotton was studied. The expression of brown and green fiber color was controlled by incompletely dominant single genes and incompletely dominant major genes, respectively. Production and accumulation of the fiber pigment were related to special expression of enzymatic genes for pigment synthesis in fiber cells. At the stage of fiber lengthening, naturally colored cotton, like white cotton, appeared purely white. But when fiber cell walls entered the thickening stage, pigment appeared by degrees. When the fiber was completely matured (on boll dehiscence), the color reached its darkest level. After wetting process treatment, the hues of the fiber pigment changed in regular patterns. The hue circle for brown and green cotton changed in the opposite direction with wetting process treatment. In general, the treated cotton color and luster became dark and vivid, and this trend provided the possibility for enhancing the fiber quality by suitable environmental friendly finishing. The analysis showed that the color and luster of the cotton may be controlled by a series of pigments which show different chemical performance.

Natural Colorants:Historical,Processing and Sustainable Prospects

With the public’s mature demand in recent times pressurized the textile industry for use of natural colorants,without any harmful effects on environment and aquatic ecosystem,and with more developed functionalities simultaneously.Advanced developments for the natural bio-resources and their sustainable use for multifunctional clothing are gaining pace now.Present review highlights historical overview of natural colorants,classification and predominantly processing of colorants from sources,application on textiles surfaces with the functionalities provided by them.Chemistry of natural colorants on textiles also discussed with relevance to adsorption isotherms and kinetic models for dyeing of textiles.

The feasibility study of natural pigments as food colorants and seasonings pigments safety on dried tofu coloring

In order to improve appetite,attract consumers and even conform to the food culture,food coloring has become one of the necessary links in modern food processing.For example,dried-tofu will be colored by adding artificial food colors(AFCs)such as sunset yellow,cochineal red A or other seasonings like soy sauce.However,the dispute persists about whether AFCs are harmful to health.Some studies indicate AFCs affect children’s intelligence and attention,cause hyperactivity,and allergy when children consumed≥50 mg.In addition,researches showed that chemical soy sauce produces a trace of methylglyoxal(MGO)in the manufacturing process,which is related to diseases such as oxidative stress,diabetes,and cognitive deterioration.Therefore,natural pigments are relatively new and promising strategy for replacing high-risk AFCs.Thus,the objective of this study was to use dried-tofu as a natural colorants coloring screening platform,through the concept of three primary colors to discuss the coloring effects of natural colorants in Taiwan in double–phase(liquid phase to solid phase)food coloring system and assess the effects of MGO on PC12 neuron cellular morphology and cell cycle at the dietary exposure in soy sauce.Our results showed that formula G:R=0.2:0.8 and C:R=0.08:0.92 were coloring by combined natural colorants had the same eye sensory quality acceptance of consumer and had the intention to purchase.Furthermore,the results from the PC12 cell suggested that dietary exposure of methylglyoxal(<50M)in soy sauce did not affect neuron cellular morphology and cell cycle significantly.Overall,Gardenia Yellow,Curcumin,and Radish Red could overcome the application restrictions in multiplephase food coloring system and simultaneously soy sauce as a coloring agent was safety.It showed the possibility of them as food colorants on dried-tofu.

Genetic Linkage Analysis of the Natural Colored Fiber and Fuzzless Traits in Cotton

Genetic linkage relationship of the natural colored fiber and six fuzzless seed germplasms in obsolete backgrounds of Gossypium hirsutum(AD genome) and G.barbadense were analyzed in the

Analysis of Genetic Polymorphic SSR Markers in Germplasm Resources of the Natural Colored Cotton

Short sequence repeats(microsatellite,SSR) and expressed sequence tags-SSR(EST-SSR) markers were employed to analyze the genetic diversity of natural colored cotton varieties.About

Flavanone and flavonoid hydroxylase genes regulate fiber color formation in naturally colored cotton

Using naturally colored cotton(NCC)can eliminate dyeing,printing and industrial processing,and reduce sewage discharge and energy consumption.Proanthocyanidins(PAs),the primary coloration components in brown fibers,are polyphenols formed by oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol units derived from anthocyanidins.Three essential structural genes for flavanone and flavonoid hydroxylation encoding flavanone-3-hydroxylase(F3H),flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase(F3’H)and flavonoid 3’5’-hydroxylase(F3’5’H)are initially committed in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway to produce common precursors.The three genes were all expressed predominantly in developing fibers of NCCs,and their expression patterns varied temporally and spatially among NCC varieties.In GhF3Hi,GhF3’Hi and GhF3’5’Hi silenced lines of NCC varieties XC20 and ZX1,the expression level of the three genes decreased in developing cotton fiber,negatively correlated with anthocyanidin content and fiber color depth.Fiber color depth and type in RNAi lines changed with endogenous gene silencing efficiency and expression pattern,the three hydroxylase genes functioned in fiber color formation.GhF3H showed functional differentiation among NCC varieties and GhF3’H acted in the accumulation of anthocyanin in fiber.Compared with GhF3’H,GhF3’5’H was expressed more highly in brown fiber with a longer duration of expression and caused lighter color of fibers in GhF3’5’H silenced lines.These three genes regulating fiber color depth and type could be used to improve these traits by genetic manipulation.

Identification of Natural and Artificial Colorants in Industrial Products Marketed in Senegal

Food colorants are widely used in the food industry to maintain or enhance product color. However, as the use of these colorants can have negative impacts on health, it is essential to analyze the risks associated with their consumption. This analysis requires, among other things, obtaining sufficient data on the presence of these colorants in foods, as well as their level of consumption. However, data on these colorants is often virtually non-existent in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the colorant profile of industrial products marketed in Senegal. Information on food additives was collected on 399 labels of different food product categories in shops located in Dakar. Data is recorded and processed using Excel software. Based on the Codex classification, analysis of the profile of additives identified on the labels of food samples revealed the presence of 31 colorants. The natural colorants identified are dominated by beta-carotene, widely present in beverages and dairy products, and paprika extract identified on cookies and industrial sauces. Artificial colors are dominated caramels present in several foods including bouillons, vinegars, sauces and hard candies. Secondly, there was a strong presence of the azo dye Sunset yellow FCF, widely found in samples of beverages, confectionery and cookies. The results of this case study enable us to appreciate the wide presence and diversity of colorants on the Senegalese market, and the importance of controlling them to guarantee consumer safety.

Effect of Eco-finishing on Naturally Colored Cotton

This paper studies desizing and polishing of naturally colored cotton with different enzyme. The reactivity of cellulases was measured. The percentage of decrement, bulkiness and color difference of fabrics both before and after eco-finishing were tested. The reasons were analyzed. The results indicates that the desizing of amylase can be applied on naturally colored cotton, and cellulases have polishing effect on it. Moreover eco-finishing with enzyme can provide many better properties to naturally colored cotton than that of normal finishing. Also this process has no pollution as enzyme can be degraded by bioreaction.

基于NCS色彩体系的老年家具色彩设计方法

老年家具是老年人日常生活的重要组成部分,为了使其色彩满足老年人的生理特点、心理需求和精神文化需求,本文基于NCS色彩体系提出了老年家具的色彩设计方法。首先,通过网络收集文化视觉图像并进行挑选,完成色彩样本采集。然后,使用图像处理软件进行色彩提取,通过NCS色卡得出色彩数据,制作NCS色相环和色三角,并结合老年人的视觉特点对色彩样本进行筛选,得到老年家具设计的基础色彩。最后,通过语义差异法对基础色彩进行感性意象分析,根据色彩感性意象和具体情况做出设计方案。在此基础上,结合实际案例验证了该方法的可行性。

Developmental and hormonal regulation of fiber quality in two natural-colored cotton cultivars

Cotton cultivars with brown （Xiangcaimian 2）, green （Wanmian 39） and white （Sumian 9） fiber were investigated to study fiber developmental characteristics of natural-colored cotton and the effect of hormones on fiber quality at different stages after anthesis. Fiber lengths of both natural-colored cottons were lower than the white-fibered control, with brown-fibered cotton longer than green. Fiber strength, micronaire and maturation of natural-colored cotton were also lower than the control. The shorter fiber of the green cultivar was due to slower growth during 10 to 30 days post-anthesis （DPA）. Likewise, the lower fiber strength, micronaire and maturation of natured-colored cotton were also due to slower growth during this pivotal stage. Indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） content at 10 DPA, and abscisic acid （ABA） content at 30 to 40 DPA were lower in the fibers of the natural-colored than that of the white-fibered cotton. After applying 20 mg L-1 gibberellic acid （GA3）, the IAA content at 20 DPA in the brown and green-fibered cottons increased by 51.07 and 64.33%, fiber ABA content increased by 38.96 and 24.40%, and fiber length increased by 8.13 and 13.96%, respectively. Fiber strength, micronaire and maturation were also enhanced at boll opening stage. Those results suggest that the level of endogenous hormones affect fiber quality. Application of external hormones can increase hormone content in natural-colored cotton fiber, improving its quality.

Matching Dyeing and Properties of Silk Fabrics with Natural Edible Pigments

The silk fabrics were matching dyed with three natural edible pigments(red rice red,ginger yellow and gardenia blue).By investigating the dyeing rates and lifting properties of these pigments,it was observed that their compatibilities were excellent in the dyeing process:dye dosage 2.5%(omf),mordant alum dosage 2.0%(omf),dyeing temperature 80℃and dyeing time 40 min.The silk fabrics dyed with secondary colors exhibited vibrant and vivid color owing to the remarkable lightness and chroma of ginger yellow.However,gardenia blue exhibited multiple absorption peaks in the visible light range,resulting in significantly lower lightness and chroma for the silk fabrics dyed with tertiary colors,thus making it suitable only for matte-colored fabrics with low chroma levels.In addition,the silk fabrics dyed with these three pigments had a color fastness that exceeded grade 3 in resistance to perspiration,soap washing and light exposure,indicating acceptable wearing properties.The dyeing process described in this research exhibited a wide range of potential applications in matching dyeing of protein-based textiles with natural colorants.

基于K-Means-NCS-ANOVA的八大民窑颜色聚类与应用偏好研究

中华陶瓷文化源远流长,颜色作为陶瓷的一种装饰,可以表达不同的设计理念、情感意识、地域特征和服务对象。为了更好地传承陶瓷艺术文化,本研究提出了一种基于K-means-NCS-ANOVA的颜色分类研究方法。首先,采用K-means颜色聚类、NCS颜色体系提取宋代八大民窑的颜色特征,分析八大瓷窑的区域特征及设计理念;基于上述分析结果制作问卷调查;并利用描述性分析、单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA),探究现代设计师对八大民窑颜色的应用偏好。由实验结果可知,设计师性别、专业、工龄也会对八大民窑颜色的应用偏好产生影响;景德镇窑的颜色最受现代设计师欢迎,而耀州窑、磁州窑、定窑的颜色已经不太符合现代审美。本研究采用现代人工智能技术识别八大民窑特征,调研现代设计师对八大民窑颜色的使用偏好,为文物识别、陶瓷文化传承及人才培养提供理论和技术支持。

基于NCS色彩系统的传统主题网站色彩分析

以NCS色彩系统为工具,运用定量与定性相结合的方法,对当前几大典型传统主题的网站色彩进行分析,总结当前传统主题网站用色的特点、规律,揭示形成此种特点、规律更深层次的艺术原理与文化背景。在此基础上,提出传统主题网站的用色建议,同时希望对艺术设计领域的分析方法有所借鉴。

长春市高校植物秋季色彩调查与NCS量化研究

为深入了解高校绿地的秋季植物色彩属性与应用现状,对长春市5所高校主要园林植物进行了秋季色彩调查与量化分析。结果表明,长春市5所高校主要园林植物共计161种,分属51科100属,秋季主色调NCS值范围为S0300-N^S3050-R70B,共8个色系97个NCS标准色,青绿、黄绿、黄色和红色系为主色调的植物种类居多,其中青绿和青黄色等中性色植物共90种,整体温度感较弱;植物色彩的明度和彩度范围较大,多数植物为中、高明度和彩度;主要秋色叶植物色彩变化有变黄和变红两种趋势,其最佳观赏期在10月10-20日;目前橙红色系、蓝紫色系植物种类较少,建议增加此类植物应用;恰当地选择植物种类,均衡不同色系植物色彩NCS值,可以更好地呈现季相色彩与景观变化。

基于NCS体系的自闭症儿童康复性室内色彩研究

自闭症儿童因患有发育障碍而无法适应社会,其康复研究备受关注。鉴于自闭症儿童具有颜色辨识能力,可以通过于NCS(自然色彩)体系实验分析,开展针对自闭症儿童的康复性色彩研究,有助于自闭症儿童康复训练。首先通过调研获取自闭症儿童色彩趋向数据样本,为NCS实验提供依据。其次通过NCS色彩体系分析,归纳出自闭症儿童对色彩的感知规律与由此产生的行为特征。最后通过实验测试,发现自闭症儿童更喜欢高饱和的冷色系,特别是绿色。不同的颜色对自闭症儿童具有一定的心理与行为影响,在设计不同功能的康复室时应考虑功能区域的色彩划分,色彩设计面积,康复功能色彩设计三个方面。色彩与行为对照试验有利于构建自闭症儿童康复室的色彩设计体系与策略,并为相关的设计实践提出参考依据。

基于NCS色系的嵌入式测色系统设计

本文介绍了基于NCS色系的嵌入式测色仪的开发过程,重点讨论了测色仪探测头结构设计对测量性能的影响,通过应用嵌入式硬件及软件技术,增强了仪器的人机交互性且大大缩小了仪器的体积,提高了便携性。系统采用ARM处理器的32位单片机,软件运行在uC/OS操作系统上。实现了标准色度显示:NCS、CIE-L*a*b*、XYZ、RGB、CMYK;色彩系统转换:CIE-L*a*b*、XYZ、sRGB、NCS系统、Munsell系统;提供两色对比,色差值显示和色差倾向提示报告等功能。

从NCS色彩体系中探索包装设计的色彩配色技法

文章通过包装设计课程中导入NCS色彩体系的研究,通过色彩体系中色调概念引导学生掌握包装实用色彩搭配方法,使学生能用科学的方法把复杂的包装色彩设计现象还原为基本要素,同时在教学中重视项目教学实践及创造性活动,借助色彩体系来进行色彩搭配,培养学生能更为自由的、巧妙的驾驭色彩,表现有价值的包装色彩。

基于NCS体系下宜家家居空间色彩设计趋势研究

目前家居空间色彩的研究多依托于具体设计实践探讨某类型空间的色彩方案,或通过感官实验探索空间色彩对生理或心理的影响,尚未有学者厘清家居空间中色彩设计发展的过程。本研究旨在系统地总结近60年宜家家居空间的色彩设计趋势及策略,以《宜家家居指南》中的家居空间图片为对象,收集20世纪60年代至21世纪20年代的图像数据作为基础,使用K-means聚类算法提取色彩后进行自然色彩体系(NCS)定位,对不同年代的色彩聚类情况进行可视化分析。通过客观的色彩数据对比色相、黑度、彩度,明晰宜家家居空间色彩的发展历程,展现出色彩趋势与历史背景、生活方式之间的关系,并总结其空间配色特点。本研究亦可为其他类型空间的色彩研究提供参考思路。