This work focused on the effect of nanocrystalline cellulose （NCC） on the curing characteristics, aging resistance and thermal stability of natural rubber （NR） reinforced with carbon black （CB）. Sharing the same...This work focused on the effect of nanocrystalline cellulose （NCC） on the curing characteristics, aging resistance and thermal stability of natural rubber （NR） reinforced with carbon black （CB）. Sharing the same fillers loading of 45 parts per hundred rubber （phr）, NR/NCC/CB composites with different NCC/CB ratios （i.e. 0/45, 5/40, 10/35, 15/30, 20/25 phr） were prepared and analyzed. Resorcinol and hexamethylene tetramine （RH）, acting as the modifier in NR/NCC interface, was also discussed for its influence. The result showed that an relatively higher ratio of NCC/CB led to a lower torque, a shorter cure time （Tg0）, a slightly longer scorch time （Ti0） and a bigger vulcanization rate constant （K）. This tendency suggested that the existence of NCC accelerated the vulcanization process. Additionally, modified by RH, NR/NCC/CB compounds exhibited a short T10 and a elevated torque. And a moderate RH content would lower the E of vulcanization. A 10 phr substitute of CB by NCC can help to improve aging resistance in terms of mechanical properties. In a high temperature aging condition, composites with 10 phr NCC also performed the highest storage modulus （G＇） among composites tested. A moderate NCC content contributed to the best retention of G＇ after high temperature aging, so did the incorporation of RH. With the partial replacement of CB by NCC, the temperature of 5% weight-lose had a slight drop and the apparent crosslink density showed a decrease. Thanks to the interaction of RH with both NR and NCC, composites showed an improvement in apparent crosslink density after modified by RH.展开更多
Copper as well as copper base composites reinforced with coated and uncoated 1 wt% diamond, graphite particles or short carbon fibers are prepared by powder metallurgy process. The reinforcement particles were encapsu...Copper as well as copper base composites reinforced with coated and uncoated 1 wt% diamond, graphite particles or short carbon fibers are prepared by powder metallurgy process. The reinforcement particles were encapsulated with silver as well as copper layer by using the electroless deposition technique to investigate the influence of the reinforcement surface coating on the microstructure, density, electrical and thermal properties of the sintered samples. The coated and the uncoated powders were cold compacted at 600 MPa, and then sintered at 1173 K (900°C) for 2 h under hydrogen atmosphere. The phase composition, morphology and microstructure of the prepared powders as well as the copper base sintered composites were investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) respectively. The density of the sintered composites was measured by Archimedes method. The copper base consolidated composites had a density up to 96% and the reinforcement coated particles were distributed uniformly within the copper matrix better than the uncoated one. The electrical resistivity at room temperature and the heat transfer conduction of the produced samples were measured in a temperature range between 323 K (50°C) and 393 K (120°C). The results observed that the sintered materials prepared from the coated powder have lower electrical resistivity than the sintered materials prepared from the mixed powders. On the other hand the thermal conductivity values were calculated using the heat transfer conduction values by means of the Fourier formula. The results observed that the thermal conductivity of copper is (391 W/m·K), 1 wt% diamond/Cu is (408 W/m·K), 1 wt% graphite coated silver/Cu is (393 W/m·K), 1 wt% Cu coated short carbon fiber/Cu is (393 W/m·K), graphite/Cu is (383 W/m·K) and short carbon fiber/Cu is (382 W/m·K). The obtained composites are expected to be suitable for heat sink applications. The heat transfer testing experiments were done. The forced convection of the present work was done and compared with the previous work in the literature, and satisfactory agreement was achieved.展开更多
采用乳液共混和原位还原法制备了天然橡胶(NR)/还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)纳米复合材料,研究了γ射线辐照对复合材料力学性能和热稳定性的影响.研究结果表明,RGO以少数几层堆叠片层结构均匀分散于NR基体中.RGO的加入可显著提高NR的力学性能和...采用乳液共混和原位还原法制备了天然橡胶(NR)/还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)纳米复合材料,研究了γ射线辐照对复合材料力学性能和热稳定性的影响.研究结果表明,RGO以少数几层堆叠片层结构均匀分散于NR基体中.RGO的加入可显著提高NR的力学性能和热稳定性,加入质量分数为0.6%的RGO可使材料拉伸强度由(22±1.4)MPa提升至(25±1.1)MPa,质量损失50%对应的温度(T50)升高6.4℃.经200 k Gy的γ射线辐射后,纯NR的拉伸强度和T50分别下降了75%和4.5℃,而NR/RGO-0.6%复合体系仅分别下降了56%和1.2℃.揭示了RGO提高材料耐辐射性能的机理,由于RGO可捕捉猝灭因辐射产生的自由基,从而减弱了辐射老化降解和交联反应的发生.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51173046)National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund of Guangdong Province(No.U1134005)
文摘This work focused on the effect of nanocrystalline cellulose （NCC） on the curing characteristics, aging resistance and thermal stability of natural rubber （NR） reinforced with carbon black （CB）. Sharing the same fillers loading of 45 parts per hundred rubber （phr）, NR/NCC/CB composites with different NCC/CB ratios （i.e. 0/45, 5/40, 10/35, 15/30, 20/25 phr） were prepared and analyzed. Resorcinol and hexamethylene tetramine （RH）, acting as the modifier in NR/NCC interface, was also discussed for its influence. The result showed that an relatively higher ratio of NCC/CB led to a lower torque, a shorter cure time （Tg0）, a slightly longer scorch time （Ti0） and a bigger vulcanization rate constant （K）. This tendency suggested that the existence of NCC accelerated the vulcanization process. Additionally, modified by RH, NR/NCC/CB compounds exhibited a short T10 and a elevated torque. And a moderate RH content would lower the E of vulcanization. A 10 phr substitute of CB by NCC can help to improve aging resistance in terms of mechanical properties. In a high temperature aging condition, composites with 10 phr NCC also performed the highest storage modulus （G＇） among composites tested. A moderate NCC content contributed to the best retention of G＇ after high temperature aging, so did the incorporation of RH. With the partial replacement of CB by NCC, the temperature of 5% weight-lose had a slight drop and the apparent crosslink density showed a decrease. Thanks to the interaction of RH with both NR and NCC, composites showed an improvement in apparent crosslink density after modified by RH.
文摘Copper as well as copper base composites reinforced with coated and uncoated 1 wt% diamond, graphite particles or short carbon fibers are prepared by powder metallurgy process. The reinforcement particles were encapsulated with silver as well as copper layer by using the electroless deposition technique to investigate the influence of the reinforcement surface coating on the microstructure, density, electrical and thermal properties of the sintered samples. The coated and the uncoated powders were cold compacted at 600 MPa, and then sintered at 1173 K (900°C) for 2 h under hydrogen atmosphere. The phase composition, morphology and microstructure of the prepared powders as well as the copper base sintered composites were investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) respectively. The density of the sintered composites was measured by Archimedes method. The copper base consolidated composites had a density up to 96% and the reinforcement coated particles were distributed uniformly within the copper matrix better than the uncoated one. The electrical resistivity at room temperature and the heat transfer conduction of the produced samples were measured in a temperature range between 323 K (50°C) and 393 K (120°C). The results observed that the sintered materials prepared from the coated powder have lower electrical resistivity than the sintered materials prepared from the mixed powders. On the other hand the thermal conductivity values were calculated using the heat transfer conduction values by means of the Fourier formula. The results observed that the thermal conductivity of copper is (391 W/m·K), 1 wt% diamond/Cu is (408 W/m·K), 1 wt% graphite coated silver/Cu is (393 W/m·K), 1 wt% Cu coated short carbon fiber/Cu is (393 W/m·K), graphite/Cu is (383 W/m·K) and short carbon fiber/Cu is (382 W/m·K). The obtained composites are expected to be suitable for heat sink applications. The heat transfer testing experiments were done. The forced convection of the present work was done and compared with the previous work in the literature, and satisfactory agreement was achieved.
文摘采用乳液共混和原位还原法制备了天然橡胶(NR)/还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)纳米复合材料,研究了γ射线辐照对复合材料力学性能和热稳定性的影响.研究结果表明,RGO以少数几层堆叠片层结构均匀分散于NR基体中.RGO的加入可显著提高NR的力学性能和热稳定性,加入质量分数为0.6%的RGO可使材料拉伸强度由(22±1.4)MPa提升至(25±1.1)MPa,质量损失50%对应的温度(T50)升高6.4℃.经200 k Gy的γ射线辐射后,纯NR的拉伸强度和T50分别下降了75%和4.5℃,而NR/RGO-0.6%复合体系仅分别下降了56%和1.2℃.揭示了RGO提高材料耐辐射性能的机理,由于RGO可捕捉猝灭因辐射产生的自由基,从而减弱了辐射老化降解和交联反应的发生.
