Higher requirement for total sulfur in the newly published naturalgas standard

Core standard in natural gas industry,GB 17820,Natural gas,is recently published after four years' revision,which will take effect on June 1,2019.The new standard poses higher requirements for the content of total sulfur in natural gas,in consistence with the requirements of green development.

Characteristics and Natural Gas Origin of Middle-Late Triassic Marine Source Rocks of the Western Sichuan Depression, SW China

A scientific exploration well(CK1) was drilled to expand the oil/gas production in the western Sichuan depression, SW, China. Seventy-three core samples and four natural gas samples from the Middle–Late Triassic strata were analyzed to determine the paleo-depositional setting and the abundance of organic matter(OM) and to evaluate the hydrocarbon-generation process and potential. This information was then used to identify the origin of the natural gas. The OM is characterized by medium n-alkanes(n C15–n C19), low pristane/phytane and terrigenous aquatic ratios(TAR), a carbon preference index(CPI) of ~1, regular steranes with C29 > C27 > C28, gammacerane/C30 hopane ratios of 0.15–0.32, and δDorg of-132‰ to-58‰, suggesting a marine algal/phytoplankton source with terrestrial input deposited in a reducing–transitional saline/marine sedimentary environment. Based on the TOC, HI index, and chloroform bitumen "A" the algalrich dolomites of the Leikoupo Formation are fair–good source rocks;the grey limestones of the Maantang Formation are fair source rocks;and the shales of the Xiaotangzi Formation are moderately good source rocks. In addition, maceral and carbon isotopes indicate that the kerogen of the Leikoupo and Maantang formations is type Ⅱ and that of the Xiaotangzi Formation is type Ⅱ–Ⅲ. The maturity parameters and the hopane and sterane isomerization suggest that the OM was advanced mature and produced wet–dry gases. One-dimensional modeling of the thermal-burial history suggests that hydrocarbon-generation occurred at 220–60 Ma. The gas components and C–H–He–Ar–Ne isotopes indicate that the oilassociated gases were generated in the Leikoupo and Maantang formations, and then, they mixed with gases from the Xiaotangzi Formation, which were probably contributed by the underlying Permian marine source rocks. Therefore, the deeply-buried Middle–Late Triassic marine source rocks in the western Sichuan depression and in similar basins have a great significant hydrocarbon potential.

Analysis of ice slurry production by direct contact heat transfer of air and water solution

In this paper, a novel system using direct contact heat transfer between air and water solution was proposed to generate ice slurry. The heat transfer process and the system performance were studied; energy efficiency coefficients of 0.038, 0.053, and 0.064 were obtained using different solutions. An empirical relationship between the volumetric heat transfer coefficient U v and the main parameters was obtained by fitting the experimental data. The U v calculated from the empirical formula agreed with the experimental U v quite well with a relative error of less than 15%. Based on the empirical formula, a laboratory-scale direct contact ice slurry generator was then constructed, with practical application in mind. If the air flow rate is fixed at 200 m 3 /h, the ice production rate will be 0.091 kg/min. The experimental results also showed that the cold energy consumption of the air compressor accounted for more than half of the total amount. To improve the system energy efficiency coefficient, it is necessary to increase the air pipes insulation and the solution's thermal capacity, and also it is appropriate to utilize the free cold energy of liquefied natural gas (LNG).

Geological Structure and Dynamics of the Yinggehai Active Rift Basin,South China Sea

The Yinggehai Basin is a unique NNW-trending petroliferous basin in the northwestern South China Sea.This paper mainly utilized stratigraphic,tectonic and seismic data by characterizing the geological structures and conducting the geo-mechanical analysis to study the formation,evolution and dynamics of the Yinggehai Basin.The study indicates that the Ailaoshan-Truong Son extruded terrane is composed of multiple secondary extruded bodies.The Red River fault zone,located within the Qiangtang-Simao-Yinggehai mantle flow channel and basin zone,experienced transform-type sinistral strike-slip motion before the basin forming stage and formed a NW-trending extruded mantle uplift,which activated the Yinggehai basin.After experiencing the rift depression,fault depression,and fault subsidence,the basin eventually formed large-scale,thick sedimentation features with ideal hydrocarbon-forming conditions at the end of the Miocene.Later,the basin dynamically transformed and entered a period of tectonic superposition,reworking,and thermal subsidence.Superposition of the NNW thrust sinistral strike-slip fault zone on the northern Hanoi sub-basin complicated the basin structure.Since the Pliocene,the southern Yinggehai main basin has been transformed into an extensional dextral strike-slip environment that hosted numerous mud diapirs.The thin crust and high geothermal gradient provide favorable conditions for the large-scale accumulation of natural gas.