By analyzing the basic naturalistic features,namely the controlling power of environment and heredity,it is expected that the naturalistic tendency,at least naturalistic features of the novel can be revealed and some ...By analyzing the basic naturalistic features,namely the controlling power of environment and heredity,it is expected that the naturalistic tendency,at least naturalistic features of the novel can be revealed and some enlightenments on the world view of the contemporary can be gained.The early part of the thesis provides a frame by giving the research background and synopsis,while the later sections aim at approaching the conclusion at the efforts of unveiling the naturalistic features in the novel.展开更多
The purpose of the study is to analyze the naturalistic elements in The Egg, which is taken from the collection of short stories, The Triumph of the Egg. The study states the ideology and technique of naturalism and t...The purpose of the study is to analyze the naturalistic elements in The Egg, which is taken from the collection of short stories, The Triumph of the Egg. The study states the ideology and technique of naturalism and then exams how naturalistic elements are revealed in the fiction. Then it comes to the conclusion that the family is defeated by the egg and the life of human beings is under control of complicated forces from both inside and outside.展开更多
Background: In the past we have shown the preservation and improvement of cognitive tasks in depressed and demented patients after 24 and 36 months of combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. Here w...Background: In the past we have shown the preservation and improvement of cognitive tasks in depressed and demented patients after 24 and 36 months of combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. Here we present the results of our ongoing, naturalistic study, in the same outpatient setting, at 60 month follow up. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 156 medically ill, physically disabled patients with mild to moderate dementia and depression. Patients were treated with antidepressants, cholinesterase inhibitors, and NMDA antagonists, along with their regular medication regimen. Non-pharmacological intervention was centered on a home-based program of physical and cognitive exercises paired with vitamins and supplements (multivitamins, vitamin E, L-methylfolate, alphalipoic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine, omega-3, and coenzyme Q-10) and diet modification. Cognitive assessments were performed yearly. Results: After 60 months of treatment, performance of all tasks remained at or above baseline. The MMSE, Cognistat-Attention, Cognistat-Judgment, and RFFT-Total Unique Designs demonstrated significant improvement. Conclusion: Our results, for the first time, demonstrate arrest in cognitive decline in demented/depressed patients with multiple medical co-morbidities for 60 months. Future investigations addressing the application of a combined, integrative treatment model are warranted.展开更多
Rural intersections account for around 30% of crashes in rural areas and 6% of all fatal crashes, representing a significant but poorly understood safety problem. Crashes at rural intersections are also problematic si...Rural intersections account for around 30% of crashes in rural areas and 6% of all fatal crashes, representing a significant but poorly understood safety problem. Crashes at rural intersections are also problematic since high speeds on intersection approaches are present which can exacerbate the impact of a crash. Additionally, rural areas are often underserved with EMS services which can further contribute to negative crash outcomes. This paper describes an analysis of driver stopping behavior at rural T-intersections using the SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study data. Type of stop was used as a safety surrogate measure using full/rolling stops compared to non-stops. Time series traces were obtained for 157 drivers at 87 unique intersections resulting in 1277 samples at the stop controlled approach for T-intersections. Roadway (i.e. number of lanes, presence of skew, speed limit, presence of stop bar or other traffic control devices), driver (age, gender, speeding), and environmental characteristics (time of day, presence of rain) were reduced and included as independent variables. Results of a logistic regression model indicated drivers were less likely to stop during the nighttime. However presence of intersection lighting increased the likelihood of full/rolling stops. Presence of intersection skew was shown to negatively impact stopping behavior. Additionally drivers who were traveling over the posted speed limit upstream of the intersection approach were less likely to stop at the approach stop sign.展开更多
Stephen Crane spent a very productive life in his short span of life. His challenge against convention helps him to accept new ideas that were popular in his time, like naturalism, symbolism and impressionism. In part...Stephen Crane spent a very productive life in his short span of life. His challenge against convention helps him to accept new ideas that were popular in his time, like naturalism, symbolism and impressionism. In particular, Crane gave the perfect union of naturalistic conception and symbolic techniques in his novels, which are valued by critics as American literary classic works with highly artistic value, and his scant legacy was a rich one to the America literature. This paper tells us that, no matter how literary scholarships interpret and misinterpret Stephen Crane's literary works, the significance of Crane's achievement in the development of American literature has not been and will not be ignored.展开更多
Naturalistic codeswitching is a normal and powerful communicative feature of formal or informal bilingual interactions,which present linguists with part of their most fascinating analytical challenge.People use codesw...Naturalistic codeswitching is a normal and powerful communicative feature of formal or informal bilingual interactions,which present linguists with part of their most fascinating analytical challenge.People use codeswitching in various communication environments such as in bilingual families or immigrant contexts for effective information exchange.The present article investigates the environments and reasons for occurrence of naturalistic codeswitching and analyzes the linguistic constraints and social constraints on naturalistic codeswitching with examples.A more thorough and authentic assessment of individuals'linguistic knowledge about codeswitching,as well as individuals'codeswitching habits,must include observations of codeswitching behavior in naturalistic environments.展开更多
John Clare is widely known as a nature poet in British romantic literature.Critics often focus quite exclusively on his poetic works therefore,most of his natural prose writings have been constantly neglected.In fact,...John Clare is widely known as a nature poet in British romantic literature.Critics often focus quite exclusively on his poetic works therefore,most of his natural prose writings have been constantly neglected.In fact,in addition to presenting the artistic values,Clare' s poems and prose also jointly contribute to the scientific values from the aspect of natural history studies.Through comparative studies with the contemporary nature writers,one can grasp Clare' s contribution concerning botanical and zoological aspects respectively,This paper aims at demonstrating the linking role between scientific studies and homeland protection in the typical "Clarean" nature writing.展开更多
The visual system continuously adapts to the statistical properties of the environment. Existing evidence shows a close resemblance between deep convolutional neural networks(CNNs) and primate visual stream in neural ...The visual system continuously adapts to the statistical properties of the environment. Existing evidence shows a close resemblance between deep convolutional neural networks(CNNs) and primate visual stream in neural selectivity to naturalistic textures above the primary visual processing stage. This study delves into the mechanisms of perceptual learning in CNNs,focusing on how they assimilate the high-order statistics of natural textures. Our results show that a CNN model achieves a similar performance improvement as humans, as manifested in the learning pattern across different types of high-order image statistics. While L2 was the first stage exhibiting texture selectivity, we found that stages beyond L2 were critically involved in learning. The significant contribution of L4 to learning was manifested both in the modulations of texture-selective responses and in the consequences of training with frozen connection weights. Our findings highlight learning-dependent plasticity in the mid-to-high-level areas of the visual hierarchy. This research introduces an AI-inspired approach for studying learning-induced cortical plasticity, utilizing DCNNs as an experimental framework to formulate testable predictions for empirical brain studies.展开更多
文摘By analyzing the basic naturalistic features,namely the controlling power of environment and heredity,it is expected that the naturalistic tendency,at least naturalistic features of the novel can be revealed and some enlightenments on the world view of the contemporary can be gained.The early part of the thesis provides a frame by giving the research background and synopsis,while the later sections aim at approaching the conclusion at the efforts of unveiling the naturalistic features in the novel.
文摘The purpose of the study is to analyze the naturalistic elements in The Egg, which is taken from the collection of short stories, The Triumph of the Egg. The study states the ideology and technique of naturalism and then exams how naturalistic elements are revealed in the fiction. Then it comes to the conclusion that the family is defeated by the egg and the life of human beings is under control of complicated forces from both inside and outside.
文摘Background: In the past we have shown the preservation and improvement of cognitive tasks in depressed and demented patients after 24 and 36 months of combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. Here we present the results of our ongoing, naturalistic study, in the same outpatient setting, at 60 month follow up. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 156 medically ill, physically disabled patients with mild to moderate dementia and depression. Patients were treated with antidepressants, cholinesterase inhibitors, and NMDA antagonists, along with their regular medication regimen. Non-pharmacological intervention was centered on a home-based program of physical and cognitive exercises paired with vitamins and supplements (multivitamins, vitamin E, L-methylfolate, alphalipoic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine, omega-3, and coenzyme Q-10) and diet modification. Cognitive assessments were performed yearly. Results: After 60 months of treatment, performance of all tasks remained at or above baseline. The MMSE, Cognistat-Attention, Cognistat-Judgment, and RFFT-Total Unique Designs demonstrated significant improvement. Conclusion: Our results, for the first time, demonstrate arrest in cognitive decline in demented/depressed patients with multiple medical co-morbidities for 60 months. Future investigations addressing the application of a combined, integrative treatment model are warranted.
文摘Rural intersections account for around 30% of crashes in rural areas and 6% of all fatal crashes, representing a significant but poorly understood safety problem. Crashes at rural intersections are also problematic since high speeds on intersection approaches are present which can exacerbate the impact of a crash. Additionally, rural areas are often underserved with EMS services which can further contribute to negative crash outcomes. This paper describes an analysis of driver stopping behavior at rural T-intersections using the SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study data. Type of stop was used as a safety surrogate measure using full/rolling stops compared to non-stops. Time series traces were obtained for 157 drivers at 87 unique intersections resulting in 1277 samples at the stop controlled approach for T-intersections. Roadway (i.e. number of lanes, presence of skew, speed limit, presence of stop bar or other traffic control devices), driver (age, gender, speeding), and environmental characteristics (time of day, presence of rain) were reduced and included as independent variables. Results of a logistic regression model indicated drivers were less likely to stop during the nighttime. However presence of intersection lighting increased the likelihood of full/rolling stops. Presence of intersection skew was shown to negatively impact stopping behavior. Additionally drivers who were traveling over the posted speed limit upstream of the intersection approach were less likely to stop at the approach stop sign.
文摘Stephen Crane spent a very productive life in his short span of life. His challenge against convention helps him to accept new ideas that were popular in his time, like naturalism, symbolism and impressionism. In particular, Crane gave the perfect union of naturalistic conception and symbolic techniques in his novels, which are valued by critics as American literary classic works with highly artistic value, and his scant legacy was a rich one to the America literature. This paper tells us that, no matter how literary scholarships interpret and misinterpret Stephen Crane's literary works, the significance of Crane's achievement in the development of American literature has not been and will not be ignored.
文摘Naturalistic codeswitching is a normal and powerful communicative feature of formal or informal bilingual interactions,which present linguists with part of their most fascinating analytical challenge.People use codeswitching in various communication environments such as in bilingual families or immigrant contexts for effective information exchange.The present article investigates the environments and reasons for occurrence of naturalistic codeswitching and analyzes the linguistic constraints and social constraints on naturalistic codeswitching with examples.A more thorough and authentic assessment of individuals'linguistic knowledge about codeswitching,as well as individuals'codeswitching habits,must include observations of codeswitching behavior in naturalistic environments.
文摘John Clare is widely known as a nature poet in British romantic literature.Critics often focus quite exclusively on his poetic works therefore,most of his natural prose writings have been constantly neglected.In fact,in addition to presenting the artistic values,Clare' s poems and prose also jointly contribute to the scientific values from the aspect of natural history studies.Through comparative studies with the contemporary nature writers,one can grasp Clare' s contribution concerning botanical and zoological aspects respectively,This paper aims at demonstrating the linking role between scientific studies and homeland protection in the typical "Clarean" nature writing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31971031, 31930053, and 32171039)the STI2030Major Projects (Grant Nos. 2021ZD0203600, 2022ZD0204802, and 2022ZD0204804)。
文摘The visual system continuously adapts to the statistical properties of the environment. Existing evidence shows a close resemblance between deep convolutional neural networks(CNNs) and primate visual stream in neural selectivity to naturalistic textures above the primary visual processing stage. This study delves into the mechanisms of perceptual learning in CNNs,focusing on how they assimilate the high-order statistics of natural textures. Our results show that a CNN model achieves a similar performance improvement as humans, as manifested in the learning pattern across different types of high-order image statistics. While L2 was the first stage exhibiting texture selectivity, we found that stages beyond L2 were critically involved in learning. The significant contribution of L4 to learning was manifested both in the modulations of texture-selective responses and in the consequences of training with frozen connection weights. Our findings highlight learning-dependent plasticity in the mid-to-high-level areas of the visual hierarchy. This research introduces an AI-inspired approach for studying learning-induced cortical plasticity, utilizing DCNNs as an experimental framework to formulate testable predictions for empirical brain studies.
