From Digitalized to Intelligentized Surveying and Mapping: Fundamental Issues and Research Agenda

Nowadays Surveying and Mapping(S&M)production and services are facing some serious challenges such as real-timization of data acquisition,automation of information processing,and intellectualization of service applications.The main reason is that current digitalized S&M technologies,which involve complex algorithms and models as the core,are incapable of completely describing and representing the diverse,multi-dimensional and dynamic real world,as well as addressing high-dimensional and nonlinear spatial problems using simple algorithms and models.In order to address these challenges,it is necessary to explore the use of natural intelligence in S&M,and to develop intelligentized S&M technologies,which are knowledge-guided and algorithm-based.This paper first discusses the basic concepts and ideas of intelligentized S&M,and then analyzes and defines its fundamental issues in the analysis and modeling of natural intelligence in S&M,the construction and realization of hybrid intelligent computing paradigm,and the mechanism and path of empowering production.Further research directions are then proposed in the four areas,including knowledge systems,technologies and methodologies,application systems,and instruments and equipments of intelligentized S&M.Finally,some institutional issues related to promoting scientific research and engineering applications in this area are discussed.

Advanced intelligence and mechanism approach

Advanced intelligence will feature the intelligence research in next 50 years.An understanding of the concept of advanced intelligence as well as its importance will be provided first,and detailed analysis on an approach,the mechanism approach,suitable to the advanced intelligence research will then be followed.And the mutual relationship among mechanism approach,traditional approaches existed in artificial intelligence research,and the cognitive informatics will be discussed.It is interesting to discover that mechanism approach is a good one to the Advanced Intelligence research and a unified form of the existed approaches to artificial intelligence.

Role,path,and vision of“5G+BDS/GNSS”

Communication,positioning,navigation,and decision-making abilities have evolved into Positioning,Navigation,and Timing(PNT)intelligence during the long process of human migration and hence promoted human evolution.This article defines intelligence and smartness from the perspective of biological intelligence.New requirements as a result of the development of communication,navigation,time service,and decision making are identified in this study.The article points out that there are many radio PNT service methods,such as 5G,the new-generation high-speed communication networks and the low-latency and ubiquitous mobile communication networks as well as Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS),but the integrated application is especially important in providing technical support for the adjustment and control of the physical world by intelligent sensing,cognition,decision-making,and precise coordination.The fusion of 5G and GNSS[including BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)]information with the corresponding equipment can be embedded into a machine to make it intelligent.Furthermore,the fused information of 5G and GNSS together with the environment information may extend human perception and physical world control ability in terms of time and space scale.It will help to develop critical information infrastructure in the age of intelligence,which will also extend the definition of artificial intelligence.Additionally,the“5G+BDS/GNSS”fusion path is analyzed explicitly herein in terms of realization methods,information processing,and new application services.On the whole,the application of“5G+BDS/GNSS+satellite-based communication”as a critical infrastructure for land,sea,air,space and network spatiotemporal control rights is proposed.