This paper traces the sixteenth-century addition and removal on maps of a bulge on the southern coast of Chile.Abraham Ortelius was primarily responsible for these changes and many cartographers followed his lead.Then...This paper traces the sixteenth-century addition and removal on maps of a bulge on the southern coast of Chile.Abraham Ortelius was primarily responsible for these changes and many cartographers followed his lead.Then,Ortelius rotated the coastline of Chile from northwest to north.Later,he dropped the latitude of the islands of San Pablo and Isla de los Tiburones down six degrees.He named the Amazon River“Río de las amazons.”Finally,he removed the cities with fake Native-American-sounding names along the Pacific coast of North America.The research underlying this paper examined over seven-hundred sixteenth-century maps made by six-dozen cartographers.This paper cites five-dozen maps by four-dozen cartographers.In the traceability section of this paper,this information was condensed into a traceability diagram,which shows the chronological flow of information among a score of cartographers.Using this information,this paper traced the influence of one cartographer on another:it showed who influenced whom.It showed the spread of knowledge.Ortelius was at the center of most of this knowledge explosion.展开更多
The nautical chart is one of the fundamental tools in navigation used by mariners to plan and safely execute voyages.Its compilation follows strict cartographic constraints with the most prominent being that of the sa...The nautical chart is one of the fundamental tools in navigation used by mariners to plan and safely execute voyages.Its compilation follows strict cartographic constraints with the most prominent being that of the safety.Thereby,the cartographer is called to make the selection of the bathymetric information for portrayal on charts in a way that,at any location,the expected water depth is not deeper than the source information.To validate the shoal-biased pattern of selection two standard tests are used,i.e.the triangle and edge tests.To date,some efforts have been made towards the automation of the triangle test,but the edge test has been largely ignored.In the context of research on a fully automated solution for the compilation of charts at different scales from the source information,this paper presents an algorithmic implementation of the two tests for the validation of selected soundings.Through a case study with real-world data,it presents the improved performance of the implementation near and within depth curves and coastlines and points out the importance of the edge test in the validation process.It also presents the,by definition,intrinsic limitation of the two tests as part of a fully automated solution and discusses the need for a new test that will complement or supersede the existing ones.展开更多
文摘This paper traces the sixteenth-century addition and removal on maps of a bulge on the southern coast of Chile.Abraham Ortelius was primarily responsible for these changes and many cartographers followed his lead.Then,Ortelius rotated the coastline of Chile from northwest to north.Later,he dropped the latitude of the islands of San Pablo and Isla de los Tiburones down six degrees.He named the Amazon River“Río de las amazons.”Finally,he removed the cities with fake Native-American-sounding names along the Pacific coast of North America.The research underlying this paper examined over seven-hundred sixteenth-century maps made by six-dozen cartographers.This paper cites five-dozen maps by four-dozen cartographers.In the traceability section of this paper,this information was condensed into a traceability diagram,which shows the chronological flow of information among a score of cartographers.Using this information,this paper traced the influence of one cartographer on another:it showed who influenced whom.It showed the spread of knowledge.Ortelius was at the center of most of this knowledge explosion.
基金This work is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration[grant number NA15NOS4000200].
文摘The nautical chart is one of the fundamental tools in navigation used by mariners to plan and safely execute voyages.Its compilation follows strict cartographic constraints with the most prominent being that of the safety.Thereby,the cartographer is called to make the selection of the bathymetric information for portrayal on charts in a way that,at any location,the expected water depth is not deeper than the source information.To validate the shoal-biased pattern of selection two standard tests are used,i.e.the triangle and edge tests.To date,some efforts have been made towards the automation of the triangle test,but the edge test has been largely ignored.In the context of research on a fully automated solution for the compilation of charts at different scales from the source information,this paper presents an algorithmic implementation of the two tests for the validation of selected soundings.Through a case study with real-world data,it presents the improved performance of the implementation near and within depth curves and coastlines and points out the importance of the edge test in the validation process.It also presents the,by definition,intrinsic limitation of the two tests as part of a fully automated solution and discusses the need for a new test that will complement or supersede the existing ones.
