Near-bottom currents play important roles in the formation and dynamics of deep-water sedimentary systems.This study examined the characteristics and temporal variations of near-bottom currents, especially the tidal c...Near-bottom currents play important roles in the formation and dynamics of deep-water sedimentary systems.This study examined the characteristics and temporal variations of near-bottom currents, especially the tidal components, based on two campaigns(2014 and 2016) of in situ observations conducted southeast of the Dongsha Island in the South China Sea. Results demonstrated near-bottom currents are dominated by tidal currents, the variance of which could account for ～70% of the total current variance. Diurnal tidal currents were found stronger than semidiurnal currents for both barotropic and baroclinic components. The diurnal tidal currents were found polarized with predominantly clockwise-rotating constituents, whereas the clockwise and counterclockwise constituents were found comparable for semidiurnal tidal currents. It was established that diurnal tidal currents could induce strong current shear. Baroclinic tidal currents showed pronounced seasonal variation with large magnitude in winter and summer and weak magnitude in spring and autumn in 2014. The coherent components accounted for ～65% and ～50% of the diurnal and semidiurnal tidal current variances,respectively. The proportions of the coherent and incoherent components changed little in different seasons. In addition to tidal currents, it was determined that the passing of mesoscale eddies could induce strong nearbottom currents that have considerable influence on the deep circulation.展开更多
Cloud resolving Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model simulations are used to investigate tropical cyclone(TC)genesis efficiency in an environment with a near bottom vortex(EBV)and an environment with a mid-level...Cloud resolving Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model simulations are used to investigate tropical cyclone(TC)genesis efficiency in an environment with a near bottom vortex(EBV)and an environment with a mid-level vortex(EMV).Sensitivity experiments show that the genesis timing depends greatly on initial vorticity vertical profiles.The larger the initial column integrated absolute vorticity,the greater the genesis efficiency is.Given the same column integrated absolute vorticity,a bottom vortex has higher genesis efficiency than a mid-level vortex.A common feature among these experiments is the formation of a mid-level vorticity maximum prior to TC genesis irrespective where the initial vorticity maximum locates.Both the EMV and EBV scenarios share the following development characteristics:1)a transition from non-organized cumulus-scale(~5 km)convective cells into an organized meso-vortex-scale(~50 to 100 km)system through upscale cascade processes,2)the establishment of a nearly saturated air column prior to a rapid drop of the central minimum pressure,and 3)a multiple convective-stratiform phase transition.A genesis efficiency index(GEI)is formulated that includes the following factors:initial column integrated absolute vorticity,vorticity at top of the boundary layer and vertically integrated relative humidity.The calculated GEI reflects well the simulated genesis efficiency and thus may be used to estimate how fast a tropical disturbance develops into a TC.展开更多
The East China Sea(ECS) has a high suspended-sediment concentration because of the influence of the Changjiang River,indicated by high turbidity in the water.Considering the islands off the coast and the complex topog...The East China Sea(ECS) has a high suspended-sediment concentration because of the influence of the Changjiang River,indicated by high turbidity in the water.Considering the islands off the coast and the complex topography,and the strong influence of tides and wind,the coast off the ECS is a typical region with strong oceanic mixing processes.The changes in the dynamic processes near the bottom play an important role in the control of water turbidity.The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate(ε) is a parameter that shows the strength of ocean mixing.This is estimated based on a structure method using current velocity that is measured by a high-frequency Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler(ADCP) from a seafloor observatory in the ECS.The results indicate strong ocean mixing processes with a mean e value of 5.7×10^(-5) W/kg and distinct tidal variations in the dissipation rate.Conversely,the variation of the water turbidity leads to changes in the water dynamical structure near the bottom.Comparing the dissipation rate with the turbidity near the bottom boundary layer,we find that the high turbidity mimics strong ocean mixing.展开更多
采用求解RANS方程的方法,结合RNG k-ε湍流模型,对于某潜艇模型近海底和近水面绕流进行了数值模拟。计算了不同海底深度下潜艇模型的阻力、垂向力和俯仰力矩,也计算了同一海底深度下潜艇阻力随傅氏数的变化,研究表明当海底深度超过二分...采用求解RANS方程的方法,结合RNG k-ε湍流模型,对于某潜艇模型近海底和近水面绕流进行了数值模拟。计算了不同海底深度下潜艇模型的阻力、垂向力和俯仰力矩,也计算了同一海底深度下潜艇阻力随傅氏数的变化,研究表明当海底深度超过二分之一艇长时,海底对阻力的影响可忽略不计。自由液面捕捉采用VOF(Volume of Fluid)方法。计算了不同浸深下潜艇模型的阻力和自由液面波型,同时又研究了同一浸深下阻力和波型随傅氏数的变化趋势。研究表明,当浸深超过三分之一艇长时,自由液面波高迅速减小,自由液面对阻力的影响可忽略不计。计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。展开更多
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2017YFC1404201the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41706035 and 41876029+2 种基金the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers under contract No.U1606405the Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology under contract No.2017A01the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under contract No.2017M622111
文摘Near-bottom currents play important roles in the formation and dynamics of deep-water sedimentary systems.This study examined the characteristics and temporal variations of near-bottom currents, especially the tidal components, based on two campaigns(2014 and 2016) of in situ observations conducted southeast of the Dongsha Island in the South China Sea. Results demonstrated near-bottom currents are dominated by tidal currents, the variance of which could account for ～70% of the total current variance. Diurnal tidal currents were found stronger than semidiurnal currents for both barotropic and baroclinic components. The diurnal tidal currents were found polarized with predominantly clockwise-rotating constituents, whereas the clockwise and counterclockwise constituents were found comparable for semidiurnal tidal currents. It was established that diurnal tidal currents could induce strong current shear. Baroclinic tidal currents showed pronounced seasonal variation with large magnitude in winter and summer and weak magnitude in spring and autumn in 2014. The coherent components accounted for ～65% and ～50% of the diurnal and semidiurnal tidal current variances,respectively. The proportions of the coherent and incoherent components changed little in different seasons. In addition to tidal currents, it was determined that the passing of mesoscale eddies could induce strong nearbottom currents that have considerable influence on the deep circulation.
基金Office of Naval Research(N000140810256,N000141010774)National Science Foundation of China(41075037)+2 种基金Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology(JAMSTEC)NASA(NNX07AG53G)NOAA(NA17RJ1230)
文摘Cloud resolving Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model simulations are used to investigate tropical cyclone(TC)genesis efficiency in an environment with a near bottom vortex(EBV)and an environment with a mid-level vortex(EMV).Sensitivity experiments show that the genesis timing depends greatly on initial vorticity vertical profiles.The larger the initial column integrated absolute vorticity,the greater the genesis efficiency is.Given the same column integrated absolute vorticity,a bottom vortex has higher genesis efficiency than a mid-level vortex.A common feature among these experiments is the formation of a mid-level vorticity maximum prior to TC genesis irrespective where the initial vorticity maximum locates.Both the EMV and EBV scenarios share the following development characteristics:1)a transition from non-organized cumulus-scale(~5 km)convective cells into an organized meso-vortex-scale(~50 to 100 km)system through upscale cascade processes,2)the establishment of a nearly saturated air column prior to a rapid drop of the central minimum pressure,and 3)a multiple convective-stratiform phase transition.A genesis efficiency index(GEI)is formulated that includes the following factors:initial column integrated absolute vorticity,vorticity at top of the boundary layer and vertically integrated relative humidity.The calculated GEI reflects well the simulated genesis efficiency and thus may be used to estimate how fast a tropical disturbance develops into a TC.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41106013,41576005)the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(No.06DZ12012)
文摘The East China Sea(ECS) has a high suspended-sediment concentration because of the influence of the Changjiang River,indicated by high turbidity in the water.Considering the islands off the coast and the complex topography,and the strong influence of tides and wind,the coast off the ECS is a typical region with strong oceanic mixing processes.The changes in the dynamic processes near the bottom play an important role in the control of water turbidity.The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate(ε) is a parameter that shows the strength of ocean mixing.This is estimated based on a structure method using current velocity that is measured by a high-frequency Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler(ADCP) from a seafloor observatory in the ECS.The results indicate strong ocean mixing processes with a mean e value of 5.7×10^(-5) W/kg and distinct tidal variations in the dissipation rate.Conversely,the variation of the water turbidity leads to changes in the water dynamical structure near the bottom.Comparing the dissipation rate with the turbidity near the bottom boundary layer,we find that the high turbidity mimics strong ocean mixing.
文摘采用求解RANS方程的方法,结合RNG k-ε湍流模型,对于某潜艇模型近海底和近水面绕流进行了数值模拟。计算了不同海底深度下潜艇模型的阻力、垂向力和俯仰力矩,也计算了同一海底深度下潜艇阻力随傅氏数的变化,研究表明当海底深度超过二分之一艇长时,海底对阻力的影响可忽略不计。自由液面捕捉采用VOF(Volume of Fluid)方法。计算了不同浸深下潜艇模型的阻力和自由液面波型,同时又研究了同一浸深下阻力和波型随傅氏数的变化趋势。研究表明,当浸深超过三分之一艇长时,自由液面波高迅速减小,自由液面对阻力的影响可忽略不计。计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。
