应用ECHO模型评价药物治疗管理服务在儿童支气管哮喘治疗中的效果

目的探究药物治疗管理(MTM)服务对儿童哮喘治疗的应用效果。方法选取2022年7—12月在河北省人民医院咳喘药学门诊就诊的5~11岁哮喘患儿107例,随机分成对照组(50例)和干预组(52例)。对照组患儿首诊时给予单次吸入制剂教育服务;干预组患儿给予全程规范化MTM服务。应用经济、临床与人文结果(ECHO)模型,分别于干预前、干预3个月及干预6个月后,统计2组患儿在经济(药物成本、成本-效用比),临床(ACT评分、吸入制剂使用正确率、哮喘发作次数)和人文(EQ-5D-5L效用值、Morisky用药依从性、患者满意度)结果中的差异,评价MTM服务在哮喘患儿中的应用效果。结果干预前2组各项评分指标差异无统计学意义;干预后干预组患儿经济结果、临床结果、人文结果3方面均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论药师主导的MTM服务可使哮喘患儿在经济、临床、人文多维度获益,既使哮喘患儿疾病得到长期有效控制,又提升药师药学专科服务能力。

A Novel On-Site-Real-Time Method for Identifying Characteristic Parameters Using Ultrasonic Echo Groups and Neural Network

On-site and real-time non-destructive measurement of elastic constants for materials of a component in a in-service structure is a challenge due to structural complexities,such as ambiguous boundary,variable thickness,nonuniform material properties.This work develops for the first time a method that uses ultrasound echo groups and artificial neural network(ANN)for reliable on-site real-time identification of material parameters.The use of echo groups allows the use of lower frequencies,and hence more accommodative to structural complexity.To train the ANNs,a numerical model is established that is capable of computing the waveform of ultrasonic echo groups for any given set of material properties of a given structure.The waveform of an ultrasonic echo groups at an interest location on the surface the structure with material parameters varying in a predefined range are then computed using the numerical model.This results in a set of dataset for training the ANN model.Once the ANN is trained,the material parameters can be identified simultaneously using the actual measured echo waveform as input to the ANN.Intensive tests have been conducted both numerically and experimentally to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the currently proposed method.The results show that the maximum identification error of numerical example is less than 2%,and the maximum identification error of experimental test is less than 7%.Compared with currently prevailing methods and equipment,the proposefy the density and thickness,in addition to the elastic constants.Moreover,the reliability and accuracy of inverse prediction is significantly improved.Thus,it has broad applications and enables real-time field measurements,which has not been fulfilled by any other available methods or equipment.

A historical overview of nano-optics:From near-field optics to plasmonics

Nano-optics is an emergent research field in physics that appeared in the 1980s,which deals with light–matter optical interactions at the nanometer scale.In early studies of nano-optics,the main concern focus is to obtain higher optical resolution over the diffraction limit.The researches of near-field imaging and spectroscopy based on scanning near-field optical microscopy(SNOM)are developed.The exploration of improving SNOM probe for near-field detection leads to the emergence of surface plasmons.In the sense of resolution and wider application,there has been a significant transition from seeking higher resolution microscopy to plasmonic near-field modulations in the nano-optics community during the nano-optic development.Nowadays,studies of nano-optics prefer the investigation of plasmonics in different material systems.In this article,the history of the development of near-field optics is briefly reviewed.The difficulties of conventional SNOM to achieve higher resolution are discussed.As an alternative solution,surface plasmons have shown the advantages of higher resolution,wider application,and flexible nano-optical modulation for new devices.The typical studies in different periods are introduced and characteristics of nano-optics in each stage are analyzed.In this way,the evolution progress from near-field optics to plasmonics of nano-optics research is presented.The future development of nano-optics is discussed then.

Modeling Near-Field Impulsive Waves Generated by Deformable Landslide Using the HBP Model Based on the SPH Method

Landslide-generated impulsive waves(LGWs)in reservoir areas can seriously threaten waterway safety as well as hu-man life and properties around the two side slopes.The risk reduction and mitigation of such a hazard require the accurate prediction of near-field wave characteristics,such as wave amplitude and run-up.However,near-field LGW involves complicated fluid-solid interactions.Furthermore,the wave characteristics are closely related to various aspects,including the geometry and physical features of the slide,river,and body of water.However,the empirical or analytical methods used for rough estimation cannot derive accurate results,especially for deformable landslides,due to their significant geometry changes during the sliding process.In this study,the near-field waves generated by deformable landslides were simulated by smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)based on multi-phase flow.The deformable landslides were generalized as a kind of viscous flow by adopting the Herschel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou(HBP)-based nonNewtonian rheology model.The HBP model is capable of producing deformable landslide dynamics even though the high-speed sliding process is involved.In this study,an idealized experiment case originating from Lituya LGW and a practical case of Gongjiafang LGW were reproduced for verification and demonstration.The simulation results of both cases show satisfactory consistency with the experiment/investigation data in terms of landslide movement and near-field impulsive wave characteristics,thus indicating the applicability and accuracy of the proposed method.Finally,the effects of the HBP model’s rheological parameters on the landslide dynamics and near-field wave characteristics are discussed,providing a parameter calibration method along with sug-gestions for further applications.

Exploring the associations between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in aging adults:A systematic review with meta-analyses

Background:Assessment and quantification of skeletal muscle within the aging population is vital for diagnosis,treatment,and injury/disease prevention.The clinical availability of assessing muscle quality through diagnostic ultrasound presents an opportunity to be utilized as a screening tool for function-limiting diseases.However,relationships between muscle echogenicity and clinical functional assessments require authoritative analysis.Thus,we aimed to(a) synthesize the literature to assess the relationships between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in older adults(≥60 years),(b) perform pooled analyses of relationships between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function,and(c) perform sub-analyses to determine between-muscle relationships.Methods:CINAHL,Embase,MEDLINE,PubMed,and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to identify articles relating skeletal muscle echogenicity to physical function in older adults.Risk-of-bias assessments were conducted along with funnel plot examination.Meta-analyses with and without sub-analyses for individual muscles were performed utilizing Fisher's Z transformation for the most common measures of physical function.Fisher's Z was back-transformed to Pearson's r for interpretation.Results:Fifty-one articles(n=5095,female=~2759,male=~2301,72.5± 5.8 years,mean±SD(1 study did not provide sex descriptors))were extracted for review,with previously unpublished data obtained from the authors of 13 studies.The rectus femoris(n=34) and isometric knee extension strength(n=22) were the most accessed muscle and physical qualities,respectively.The relationship between quadriceps echogenicity and knee extensor strength was moderate(n=2924,r=-0.36(95% confidence interval:-0.38 to-0.32),p <0.001),with all other meta-analyses(grip strength,walking speed,sit-to-stand,timed up-and-go) resulting in slightly weaker correlations(r:-0.34 to-0.23,all p <0.001).Sub-analyses determined minimal differences in predictive ability between muscle groups,although combining muscles(e.g.,rectus femoris+vastus lateralis) often re sulted in stronger correlations with maximal strength.Conclusion:While correlations are modest,the affordable,portable,and noninvasive ultrasonic assessment of muscle quality is a consistent predictor of physical function in older adults.Minimal between-muscle differences suggest that echogenicity estimates of muscle quality are systemic.Therefore,practitioners may be able to scan a single muscle to estimate full-body skeletal muscle quality/composition,while researchers should consider combining multiple muscles to strengthen the model.

Influence of substrate effect on near-field radiative modulator based on biaxial hyperbolic materials

Relative rotation between the emitter and receiver could effectively modulate the near-field radiative heat transfer(NFRHT)in anisotropic media.Due to the strong in-plane anisotropy,natural hyperbolic materials can be used to construct near-field radiative modulators with excellent modulation effects.However,in practical applications,natural hyperbolic materials need to be deposited on the substrate,and the influence of substrate on modulation effect has not been studied yet.In this work,we investigate the influence of substrate effect on near-field radiative modulator based onα-MoO_(3).The results show that compared to the situation without a substrate,the presence of both lossless and lossy substrate will reduce the modulation contrast(MC)for different film thicknesses.When the real or imaginary component of the substrate permittivity increases,the mismatch of hyperbolic phonon polaritons(HPPs)weakens,resulting in a reduction in MC.By reducing the real and imaginary components of substrate permittivity,the MC can be significantly improved,reaching 4.64 forε_(s)=3 at t=10 nm.This work indicates that choosing a substrate with a smaller permittivity helps to achieve a better modulation effect,and provides guidance for the application of natural hyperbolic materials in the near-field radiative modulator.

Near-field radiative heat transfer between nanoporous GaN films

Photon tunneling effects give rise to surface waves,amplifying radiative heat transfer in the near-field regime.Recent research has highlighted that the introduction of nanopores into materials creates additional pathways for heat transfer,leading to a substantial enhancement of near-field radiative heat transfer(NFRHT).Being a direct bandgap semiconductor,GaN has high thermal conductivity and stable resistance at high temperatures,and holds significant potential for applications in optoelectronic devices.Indeed,study of NFRHT between nanoporous GaN films is currently lacking,hence the physical mechanism for adding nanopores to GaN films remains to be discussed in the field of NFRHT.In this work,we delve into the NFRHT of GaN nanoporous films in terms of gap distance,GaN film thickness and the vacuum filling ratio.The results demonstrate a 27.2%increase in heat flux for a 10 nm gap when the nanoporous filling ratio is 0.5.Moreover,the spectral heat flux exhibits redshift with increase in the vacuum filling ratio.To be more precise,the peak of spectral heat flux moves fromω=1.31×10^(14)rad·s^(-1)toω=1.23×10^(14)rad·s^(-1)when the vacuum filling ratio changes from f=0.1 to f=0.5;this can be attributed to the excitation of surface phonon polaritons.The introduction of graphene into these configurations can highly enhance the NFRHT,and the spectral heat flux exhibits a blueshift with increase in the vacuum filling ratio,which can be explained by the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons.These findings offer theoretical insights that can guide the extensive utilization of porous structures in thermal control,management and thermal modulation.

Localization for mixed near-field and far-field sources under impulsive noise

In order to solve the problem that the performance of traditional localization methods for mixed near-field sources(NFSs)and far-field sources(FFSs)degrades under impulsive noise,a robust and novel localization method is proposed.After eliminating the impacts of impulsive noise by the weighted out-lier filter,the direction of arrivals(DOAs)of FFSs can be estimated by multiple signal classification(MUSIC)spectral peaks search.Based on the DOAs information of FFSs,the separation of mixed sources can be performed.Finally,the estimation of localizing parameters of NFSs can avoid two-dimension spectral peaks search by decomposing steering vectors.The Cramer-Rao bounds(CRB)for the unbiased estimations of DOA and range under impulsive noise have been drawn.Simulation experiments verify that the proposed method has advantages in probability of successful estimation(PSE)and root mean square error(RMSE)compared with existing localization methods.It can be concluded that the proposed method is effective and reliable in the environment with low generalized signal to noise ratio(GSNR),few snapshots,and strong impulse.

Research on Sleeve Grouting Density Detection Based on the Impact Echo Method

Grouting defects are an inherent challenge in construction practices,exerting a considerable impact on the operational structural integrity of connections.This investigation employed the impact-echo technique for the detection of grouting anomalies within connections,enhancing its precision through the integration of wavelet packet energy principles for damage identification purposes.A series of grouting completeness assessments were meticulously conducted,taking into account variables such as the divergent material properties of the sleeves and the configuration of adjacent reinforcement.The findings revealed that:(i)the energy distribution for the highstrength concrete cohort predominantly occupied the frequency bands 42,44,45,and 47,whereas for other groups,it was concentrated within the 37 to 40 frequency band;(ii)the delineation of empty sleeves was effectively discernible by examining the wavelet packet energy ratios across the spectrum of frequencies,albeit distinguishing between sleeves with 50%and full grouting density proved challenging;and(iii)the wavelet packet energy analysis yielded variable detection outcomes contingent on the material attributes of the sleeves,demonstrating heightened sensitivity when applied to ultrahigh-performance concrete matrices and GFRP-reinforced steel bars.

Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer, Sensing and Communication with Bessel Beams

The Bessel beam,characterized by its unique non-diffracting properties,holds promising applications.In this paper,we provide a detailed introduction and investigation into the theory and research of the Bessel beam,with a special focus on its generation and applications in the near-field region.We provide an introduction to the concepts,properties,and foundational theories of the Bessel beam.Additionally,the current study on generating Bessel beams and their applications is categorized and discussed,and potential research challenges are proposed in this paper.This review serves as a solid foundation for researchers to understand the concept of the Bessel beam and explore its potential applications.

Towards Near-Field Communications for 6G:Challenges and Opportunities

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output(XL-MIMO)and terahertz(THz)communications are pivotal candidate technologies for supporting the development of 6G mobile networks.However,these techniques invalidate the common assumptions of far-field plane waves and introduce many new properties.To accurately understand the performance of these new techniques,spherical wave modeling of near-field communications needs to be applied for future research.Hence,the investigation of near-field communication holds significant importance for the advancement of 6G,which brings many new and open research challenges in contrast to conventional far-field communication.In this paper,we first formulate a general model of the near-field channel and discuss the influence of spatial nonstationary properties on the near-field channel modeling.Subsequently,we discuss the challenges encountered in the near field in terms of beam training,localization,and transmission scheme design,respectively.Finally,we point out some promising research directions for near-field communications.

Enhanced air-coupled impact echo technique by phase analysis of signals from multiple sensors

This paper presents an air-coupled impact echo(IE)technique that relies on the phase spectrum of the collected data to find the frequencies corresponding to the reflections from delaminations.The proposed technique takes advantage of the fact that the IE compression wave is not a propagating wave,but it is the 1st order symmetrical(S1)mode Lamb wave at zero group velocity(S1-ZGV).Therefore,it searches the phase spectra of the data collected by multiple sensors to locate the frequency corresponding to the lowest phase difference.As a result,the technique reduces the effect of propagating waves,including the direct acoustic wave and ambient noise.It is named the Constant Phase IE(CPIE).The performance of the CPIE is experimentally compared with the regular amplitude spectrum-based IE technique and two other multisensor IE techniques.The CPIE shows a performance advantage,especially in a noisy environment.

Relationship of inflammatory indices with left atrial appendage thrombus or spontaneous echo contrast in patients with atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND Inflammatory indices derived from complete blood tests have been reported to be associated with poor outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF).The data about the relationship between inflammatory indices and left atrial appendage thrombus(LAAT)or dense spontaneous echo contrast(SEC)are limited.AIM To explore the value of inflammatory indices for predicting the presence of LAAT or dense SEC in nonvalvular AF patients.METHODS A total of 406 patients with nonvalvular AF who underwent transesophageal echocardiography were included and divided into two groups based on the presence(study group)or absence(control group)of LAAT or dense SEC.Inflammatory indices,including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet–tolymphocyte ratio(PLR),and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR),were calculated from complete blood analysis.The associations of inflammatory indices RESULTS LAAT and dense SEC were detected in 11(2.7%)and 42(10.3%)patients,respectively.The PLR only showed an association with LAAT/dense SEC in the univariate model.Elevated NLR(odds ratio[OR]=1.48,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.11-1.98,P=0.007)and reduced LMR(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.41-0.83,P=0.003)were found to be independent risk factors for the presence of LAAT/dense SEC.The areas under the NLR and LMR curves for predicting LAAT/dense SEC were 0.73(95%CI:0.66-0.80,P<0.001)and 0.73(95%CI:0.65-0.81,P<0.001),respectively,while the cutoff values were 2.8(sensitivity:69.8%;specificity:64.0%)and 2.4(sensitivity:71.7%;specificity:60.6%),respectively.CONCLUSION Increased NLR and decreased LMR may predict LAAT/dense SEC in patients with nonvalvular AF.

Near-Field Beam Training for Holographic MIMO Communications: Typical Methods, Challenges and Future Directions

Holographic multiple-input multiple-output(HMIMO)has become an emerging technology for achieving ultra-high frequency spectral efficiency and spatial resolution in future wireless systems.The increasing antenna aperture leads to a more significant characterization of the spherical wavefront in near-field communications in HMIMO scenarios.Beam training as a key technique for wireless communication is worth exploring in this near-field scenario.Compared with the widely researched far-field beam training,the increased dimensionality of the search space for near-field beam training poses a challenge to the complexity and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.In this paper,we introduce several typical near-field beam training methods:exhaustive beam training,hierarchical beam training,and multi-beam training that includes equal interval multi-beam training and hash multi-beam training.The performances of these methods are compared through simulation analysis,and their effectiveness is verified on the hardware testbed as well.Additionally,we provide application scenarios,research challenges,and potential future research directions for near-field beam training.

连云港市一起ECHO_(30)病毒性脑膜炎爆发流行病学调查

目的分析2006年江苏省连云港市病毒性脑膜炎爆发的流行特征、影响因素和病因。方法采用统一的流行病学调查表对病例进行调查,收集2004年以来全市各县区病毒性脑膜炎住院病例资料,采用1:2配比病例对照研究的方法分析流行因素;24份脑脊液标本送江苏省疾病控制中心检测,并进行病毒分离。结果2004-2005年全市各县区病毒性脑膜炎病例呈现散发状态;2006年1～7月份共查出病例数为968例,从6月份起出现疫情上升,1县2区出现爆发,7月份达高峰,爆发病例为473例,占全市总病例数的48.86%;主要累及15岁以下儿童,占94.44%;男性多于女性,男女比为2.65:1;主要临床表现为发热、头痛、呕吐、脑膜刺激征阳性、脑脊液有核细胞增多。饭前洗手与多吃瓜果为保护因素,说明该病与不良卫生习惯有关系。23份脑脊液经PCR检测,16份ECHO_(30)肠道病毒阳性。结论2006年夏季江苏省连云港市病毒性脑膜炎出现一次爆发并波及1县2区,致病病原体为埃可30型肠道病毒(Echovirus 30,ECHO_(30))肠道病毒,不良卫生习惯可能是导致该病发生流行的危险因素。

福建省2011年病毒性脑炎暴发病原Echo30分子流行病学分析

目的了解福建省2011年病毒性脑炎暴发的病原特点及福建省近10年Echo30分子流行病学特征。方法应用细胞培养法获得病毒株,微量血清中和试验或RT-PCR序列分析鉴定Echo30血清型,提取病毒RNA核酸,逆转录为cD-NA,分段扩增VP1基因序列全长,测定并分析扩增产物的序列。结果 2011年4月1日-6月2日,从福建省4个县(市)区病毒性脑炎病例标本中分离的病毒经鉴定均为Echo30;VP1基因序列分析显示,泉州市安溪和德化两地流行株高度同源(核苷酸与氨基酸序列同源性分别为99.0%和99.6%),同福安和厦门流行株(核苷酸与氨基酸序列同源性分别为98.5%和100%)核苷酸差异约9%,3个位点氨基酸出现了变异。近10年福建省Echo30分子流行病学分析显示,2011年泉州流行株并非由2005年当地流行株进化而来,而与2008年河南省分离株(HQ625646-Henan/04/2008)同源性最高;近10年福建省Echo30存在多基因型、多谱系的同时传播,并在2006年发现了两株第III新基因型病毒。结论造成2011年福建省病毒性脑炎暴发的病原为Echo30,且至少存在两条不同传播链病毒同时流行。Echo30福建株呈多基因型、多谱系分布流行特点。

一起ECHO 30病毒引发游泳队脑炎爆发调查

目的分析ECHO30病毒性脑炎在冬季体校游泳队爆发的特征。方法应用流行病学描述方法,对体校学生进行筛查;采集典型病例脑脊液(CSF)、血液样本和泳池水样进行实验室检测。结果病例均为体校游泳队学生,共发病37例,罹患率25.18%,性别间罹患率差异无统计学意义(x2=0.03,P>0.50),流行9d;游泳池水污染严重,6份CSF样本肠道病毒核糖核酸阳性,2份分离到ECHO30肠道病毒。结论游泳池循环净水和消毒设备应正常运转,日常监督监测应加强。

ECHO 19引起龙岩市儿童病毒性脑炎的流行病学调查

[目的]探讨龙岩市2004年儿童病毒性脑炎流行的病因、流行规律及特征.[方法]对142例病毒性脑炎病例进行流行病学调查,对其中30例的脑脊液标本进行病毒分离和型别鉴定.[结果]142例患者分布在我市的6个县(市、区),其中新罗区占(66.2%),另有广东省大埔县2例;年龄以5～12岁为多;男性68.3%,女性31.7%;5～6月为发病高峰.临床主要表现为突然发病、发热(92.4%)、头痛(83.1%)、呕吐(68.6%)等;脑电图以轻中度异常为主;67.8%血常规正常;脑脊液常规87.5%颅内压力增高,56.8%细胞数增加.疗程10天左右.从30份脑脊液中检出16株ECHO 19病毒.[结论]流行病学调查及实验室病原检测确认,龙岩市儿童病毒性脑炎病原为ECHO 19.

急性弛缓性麻痹病例中ECHO11病毒的基因特征分析

该文首次分析了我国ECHO11病毒的分子流行病学资料。1999～2004年，ECHO11病毒是山东省急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）病例中分离到的优势毒株，2003年从山东省482例AFP病例中共分离到11株ECHO11病毒，其中相关的10例病例分布跨越山东省大部分地区，但发病日期集中在7月和12月。该研究试图通过对VP1编码基因全序列的测定和分析，为探讨ECHO11病毒与AFP之间的病因关系提供线索。分子流行病学研究提示，11株ECHO11毒株都位于同一传播链，核苷酸同源性为97．2％～100％，氨基酸同源性为99．6％～100％，其中7月和12月的分离株之间相层8～9个核苷酸，氨基酸序列一致。这说明山东省2003年7月和12月分别发生了ECHO11病毒流行，但这些毒株与AFP的病因关系尚需进一步研究。11株病毒组成了A基因型中的一个新亚型，在进化树上单独呈密切相关的一簇，与同基因型内的其它亚型的核苷酸同源性为82．2％～84．7％，氨基酸同源性为94.8％～97．6％．

Radar Echo and Lightning Characteristics Analysis on A Strong Thunderstorm Weather in Fuxin

Based on the radar data and lightning position indicator data of strong thunderstorm weather which happened in Fuxin on July 8,2007,the relationship between the lightning activity and the radar echo was analyzed.The results showed that Fuxin area located in the cross position of T-shaped trough and was affected by the cold air which continuously glided down.The corresponding warm front on the ground advanced southward and arrived here.It was the weather background of this thunderstorm weather.The position variation of lightning occurrence was closely related to the strong echo movement of squall line,and the velocity echo clearly reflected and predicted the movement tendency of the radar echo.