A tunnel regenerated coupled multi-active-region large optical cavity laser with a high quality beam

A novel coupled multi-active-region large optical cavity structure cascaded by a tunnel junction is proposed to solve the problems of facet catastrophic optical damage （COD） and the large vertical divergence caused by the thin emitting area in conventional laser diodes. For a laser with three active regions, a slope efficiency as high as 1.49 W/A, a vertical divergence angle of 17.4~, and a threshold current density of 271 A/cm~ are achieved. By optimizing the structural parameters, the beam quMity is greatly improved, and the level of the COD power increases by more than two times compared with that of the conventional laser.

High gain fiber-solid hybrid double-passing end-pumped Nd:YVO4 picosecond amplifier with high beam quality

We propose a fiber-solid hybrid system which consists of a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror(SESAM)modelocked fiber seed with a pulse width of 10.2 ps and a repetition rate of 18.9 MHz,a two-level fiber pre-amplifier and a double-passing end-pumped Nd:YVO4 amplifier.In the solid-state amplifier,to enhance the gain and the extraction efficiency,a specially designed structure in which the seed light passes through the gain medium four times and makes full use of population inversion is used as the double-passing amplifier.Besides,the beam filling factor(the ratio of the seed light diameter to the pump light diameter)and the thermal lens effect of the double-passing amplifier are considered and its optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is further improved.To preserve the beam quality of the double-passing amplifier,a new method of spherical-aberration self-compensation based on the principles of geometrical optics is used and discussed.Our system achieves a maximum average power of 9.5Wat the pump power of 28W,corresponding to an optical-to-optical efficiency of 27%.And the beam quality factor M^2 reaches 1.3 at the maximum output power.

Study into the Applicability of Laser Beam Quality Factor M^2

The applicable condition of single-frequency laser beam quality factor M^2 is studied. Any real single-frequency laser beam can be classified as Gaussian mode and non-Gaussian mode according to the transverse field distribution. Non-Gaussian transverse field distribution can be analytically expressed as the sum of Hermite-Gaussian functions. The propagation function and M^2 factor expression for non-Gaussian mode can be obtained by the second moment definition of laser beam spot. The analytical results show, the same as that of Gaussian mode, that the propagation function follows the hyperbolic law and the value of M^2 factor is a constant for non-Gaussian mode. But, different non-Gaussian field distributions may have the same M^2 value. That means M^2 factor cannot reflect the quality of non-Gaussian laser beams correctly. We conclude that the M^2 factor is applicable only to ideal Gaussian laser beam generated by stable resonators.

Influence of spherical aberrations on fundamental mode beam quality under different laser resonators

Spherical aberrations of the thermal lens of the active media are severe when solid state lasers are strongly pumped. The fundamental mode profile deteriorates due to the aberrations. Self-consistent modes of a resonator with aberrations are calculated by using the Fox-Li diffraction iterative algorithm. Calculation results show that the aberration induced fundamental mode beam quality deterioration depends greatly on the resonator design. The tolerance of a flat-flat resonator to the aberration coefficient is about 30λ in the middle of stability, where λ is the wavelength of laser beam. But for a dynamically stable resonator, 2λ of spherical aberration will create diffraction loss of more than 40%, if inappropriate design criteria are used. A birefringence compensated laser resonator with two Nd：YAG rods is experimentally studied. The experimental data are in quite good agreement with simulation results.

Influence of mode competition on beam quality of fiber amplifier

Theoretical and experimental studies of the influence of the mode competition on the output beam quality of fiber amplifiers are presented. Rate equations and modal decomposition method are used in the theoretical model. In the experiment, the output beam-quality factor of a fiber amplifier, which is based on a Yb-doped double-clad large mode area fiber as a function of the seed beam quality and the pump power of the amplifier, is measured. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis.

Using Target Ablation for Ion Beam Quality Improvement

During the laser foil interaction, the output ion beam quality including the energy spread and beam divergence can be improved by the target ablation, due to the direct laser acceleration （DLA） electrons generated in tile ablation plasma. The acceleration field established at the target rear by these electrons, which is highly directional and triangle-envelope, is helpful for the beam quality. With the help of the target ablation, both the beam divergence and energy spread will be reduced. If the ablation is more sufficient, the impact of DLA-electron-caused field will be strengthened, and the beam quality will be better, confirmed by the particle-in-cell simulation.

Techniques trend analysis of propagating laser beam quality measurement

Different methods of measuring a propagating laser beam quality are summarized.The disadvantages in traditional way in measuring a laser beam quality is analyzed and the insufficiencies of the Shack-Hartmannin method which is commonly using wave front technique at present is pointed out.Finally,the transmission intensity equation based(TIE-based)measuring way in a laser beam quality evaluation and the corresponding advantages are discussed,which is believed to be a deve-l oping trend in laser beam evaluation.

Application of Statistical Process Control for Setting Action Thresholds as Quality Assurance of Dose Verifications in External Beam Radiotherapy

Purpose: To test the concept of Statistical Process Control (SPC) as a Quality Assurance (QA) procedure for dose verifications in external beam radiation therapy in conventional and 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) treatment of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A study of QA verification of target doses of 198 cervical cancer patients undergoing External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) treatments at two different cancer treatment centers in Kenya was conducted. The target doses were determined from measured entrance doses by the diode in vivo dosimetry. Process Behavior Charts (PBC) developed by SPC were applied for setting Action Thresholds (AT) on the target doses. The AT set was then proposed as QA limits for acceptance or rejection of verified target doses overtime of the EBRT process. Result and Discussion: Target doses for the 198 patients were calculated and SPC applied to test whether the action limits set by the Process Behavior Charts could be applied as QA for verified doses in EBRT. Results for the two sub-groups of n = 3 and n = 4 that were tested produced action thresholds which are within clinical dose specifications for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. Conclusion: Action thresholds set by SPC were within the clinical dose specification of ±5% uncertainty for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. So the concept of SPC could be applied in setting QA action limits for dose verifications in EBRT.

Image quality of cone beam CT on respiratory motion

In this study,the influence of respiratory motion on Cone Beam CT (CBCT) image quality was investigated by a motion simulating platform,an image quality phantom,and a kV X-ray CBCT.A total of 21 motion states in the superior-inferior direction and the anterior-posterior direction,separately or together,was simulated by considering different respiration amplitudes,periods and hysteresis.The influence of motion on CBCT image quality was evaluated with the quality indexes of low contrast visibility,geometric accuracy,spatial resolution and uniformity of CT values.The results showed that the quality indexes were affected by the motion more prominently in AP direction than in SI direction,and the image quality was affected by the respiration amplitude more prominently than the respiration period and the hysteresis.The CBCT image quality and its characteristics influenced by the respiration motion,and may be exploited in finding solutions.

基于锥形掺镱光纤实现20 kW高光束质量激光输出

锥形光纤能够有效兼顾非线性效应抑制和模式控制,具备实现高功率、高光束质量光纤激光的潜力。近期国防科技大学研制了锥形掺镱光纤,采用1 018 nm光纤激光后向级联泵浦实现了20.2 kW激光输出,光束质量β因子平均值优于2,拉曼抑制比为33 dB。研究结果展示了锥形光纤在实现万瓦级高光束质量激光方面的优势。

不同成像参数下CBCT的成像质量分析

目的:主观评价和客观评估不同成像参数下CBCT的图像质量,分析图像质量的主观评价和客观评价间的关系。方法:分别采用6台不同品牌CBCT扫描仪〔3D Accuitomo(Morita)、i-CAT(Kavo)、5G(NewTom)、Smart3D(北京朗视)、DCT Pro(Vatech)、VGi(NewTom)〕,在各个品牌的典型曝光条件下(电压和电流强度不同)扫描空间分辨率模体和高仿真头模,7位医师对拍摄的CBCT图像进行主观评价打分,比较不同CBCT扫描仪的空间分辨率和对常见口腔解剖结构的可见性。客观评价指标采用各仪器所获的图像空间分辩率(LP/mm)。结果:7位医师的组内一致性和组间一致性均无显著性差异。主观评价New Tom 5G为2分,i-CAT为5分,其余4个品牌匀为4分,客观评价i-CAT的LP/mm为1.8,Smart3D为2.0,其余4个品牌为1.0~1.7。在相同管电流条件下,不同管电压的图像主观质量有显著性差异。在相同管电压条件下,不同管电流的图像主观质量有显著性差异。结论:图像质量的主客观评价具有一定的一致性,不同品牌之间的客观评价差异可能与电压、电流强度不同有关。

速调管放大器输入腔的匹配理论和模拟研究

基于输入微波与腔体耦合的等效电路模型,对于任意的腔体和电子束参数,建立了任意的输入微波与腔体耦合的速调管放大器输入腔的两种匹配状态的理论。建立了带有互感和电子束等效电阻和电容等参数的输入腔等效电路模型,推导了入射功率与反射功率的表达式,以及输入微波与带有电子束的输入腔耦合的完全匹配状态和任意的耦合这两种情形时输入功率和间隙电压关系的公式。推导了完全匹配状态时输入微波工作频率与输入腔有载品质因数的表达式。推导了复耦合系数等于1时输入腔外观品质因数与热腔品质因数的表达式,得出了当工作频率等于输入腔谐振频率,输入腔外观品质因数与热腔品质因数相等,且满足电子束等效电容远小于1时接近达到匹配状态,与传统理论基本一致。通过对比两种状态时的入射功率,得出了匹配状态时的入射功率小于复耦合系数等于1时入射功率的结论。通过对比复耦合系数等于1时新理论和传统理论的入射功率,得出不考虑电子束等效电容情况下两者相等的结论。采用二维粒子模拟的模型与匹配理论进行了对比,粒子模拟与理论基本一致。根据匹配理论找到了接近匹配状态的工作频率与有载品质因数以及较小的输入功率。

内腔式非稳腔DF激光光束质量研究

激光光束质量是衡量激光器应用性能的重要指标之一,面向远距离光电对抗应用场景,本文开展了非链式脉冲氟化氘(DF)激光器非稳腔设计和光束质量提升技术研究。设计了3组不同放大倍率的正分支虚共焦非稳腔,搭建了凸面腔镜横向和轴向两种支撑结构的非稳腔实验装置,其中横向支撑结构内置循环水冷却通道。以86.5%环围能量定义激光光斑大小,选用β因子评价激光光束质量,比较两种支撑方式下的输出能量和光束质量。研究发现:相同条件下,轴向支撑结构的非稳腔输出能量较横向支撑结构高6%,但远场发散角较横向支撑大9%;水冷横向支撑结构虽存在部分能量遮挡,但其较好的热稳定性显著提升了激光光束质量。在M=2.25的横向支撑内腔式非稳腔条件下获得了光束质量因子β=1.83、发散角θ_(0.865)=0.63 mrad的激光光束。该条件下的激光单脉冲能量为2.34 J,激光脉宽为88.2 ns,峰值功率达到26.5 MW。

拍瓦激光驱动纳米刷靶高品质质子束的产生

超强激光加速产生的高能质子束源在基础物理研究、材料科学、生物医疗等领域具有广泛应用前景。基于激光聚变研究中心的SILEX-II装置,开展了高对比度飞秒激光驱动纳米刷靶质子加速实验研究。采用等离子体镜技术进一步提升激光对比度,有效降低了预脉冲对纳米刷靶结构的影响。相比于平面靶,采用纳米刷靶质子截止能量提高到1.5倍,质子束产额增加近一个量级,成功验证了超高功率密度下纳米刷靶对激光离子加速的增强效果,并且有效提升了质子束空间分布的均匀性。研究结果为高品质质子束源的产生和应用提供了技术途径。

一种分光光度法实现的多参数水质在线检测仪

针对传统分光光度法实现的水质在线检测仪存在的检测参数单一、效率低下、光源受环境温度干扰等问题,设计了一种高效快速的多参数水质在线检测仪。该仪器以总磷、CODCr、氨氮为检测对象,通过优化检测流程提高了检测效率。同时采用双光束测量法补偿光源受环境温度的影响。经性能测试显示,该仪器在示值误差、重复性、零点漂移、量程漂移等关键指标上均优于国家标准。

基于光谱合束的双波长输出Nd:YAG固体激光器

报道了一种基于光谱合束的Nd:YAG固体激光器双波长光源。系统由两个固体Nd:YAG脉冲激光器通过光谱合束组合而成,两个固体Nd:YAG脉冲激光器可独立工作,有利于输出脉冲的波长调谐、功率调节和相对延迟调整。通过光栅的色散特性以及输出镜的共同外腔反馈将各个激光器锁定在不同波长,从而实现合束,获得的激光源中心波长锁定在1 061.5 nm和1 064.6 nm,两谱线中心间距为3.1 nm,组合光束的输出能量为173 mJ,组合光束的光束质量因子M2为2.8×2.2;两个Nd:YAG激光器独立工作的输出能量分别为94 mJ和92 mJ,在合束方向上的光束质量因子M2分别为2.7和2.1,在非合束方向上的光束质量因子M2分别为2.2和1.9;组合光束的输出能量为两个Nd:YAG激光器能量总和的93%,组合光束的光束质量因子与单个Nd:YAG激光束的光束质量因子M2基本相同。该双波长激光源满足波长间隔小、输出功率大小相近、同光轴等要求,在太赫兹波产生、测速激光雷达以及医疗仪器等应用领域具有重要作用。

大口径多波段光束质量检测系统设计

光谱合成技术是实现高能激光输出的重要技术途径,如何在高功率输出的前提下,保证高光束质量的激光输出已成为当前光谱合成技术最迫切要解决的问题。本文针对155 mm×140 mm矩形口径、(1 064±3)nm、(1 030±3)nm和(635±5)nm波段光束的参数检测问题,设计了大口径多波段多参数检测系统。波前检测单元基于开普勒的望远结构,在构建变形镜与微透镜共轭关系的同时,压缩光束口径以匹配探测器尺寸。前组物镜采用卡塞格林结构,以解决大口径、多波段的色差校正难题;后组镜采用三片式复消色差折射镜组,补偿色差的同时,兼顾无热化设计,用以补偿前组物镜的残余热差和后组镜热差。经波前检测单元后进行分光探测,实现光束质量和光束均匀性检测。为了提高系统的环境适应性,采用光学被动无热化方法对系统进行了20℃±10℃的无热化设计。最后,对系统进行装调测试,采用泽尼克波前复原方法对波前探测相机采集的光斑图像进行波前复原,测得10℃~30℃下系统波前的RMS值优于0.052 4λ(λ=632.8 nm),光束均匀性优于0.893,光束质量β因子优于1.26倍衍射极限。

自由曲面镜补偿大功率激光波前畸变技术研究

对于一台性能稳定的激光器,在出光阶段整个系统处于热交换的稳定状态,即激光波前分布可以保持稳定不变。基于此特点,提出制造自由曲面镜,以校正激光器的波前畸变,提高光束质量。本文首先介绍了自由曲面镜的波前补偿原理、设计及加工过程,然后通过数学建模,从理论上对其波前补偿能力进行了仿真计算,最后在板条固体激光器中进行了波前补偿实验:在激光器输出功率为12.5 kW时,自由曲面镜对激光光束相位及远场光束质量都有明显的改善和提高。自由曲面镜不像变形镜那样受到致动器间距的限制,因此对于高阶像差的校正也更为有效,且成本低廉,再者也不会增加系统的复杂度,与自适应光学系统相比各有所长。

窄脊型波导半导体激光器偏振与横模关系研究

基于有效折射率法建立了窄脊型波导数值计算模型,通过实验研究了InGaAs量子阱窄脊型波导半导体激光器偏振特性与横模之间的关系。根据理论计算,脊型波导中类TM模式在慢轴方向的有效折射率差更大,类TM模式的限制因子比类TE模式的限制因子更大、更容易出现慢轴高阶模式;而随着脊型波导的高度增加,快轴高阶模式被截断,类TE00模式的限制因子逐渐增加至与类TM00模式相近,慢轴高阶模式因其大的散射损耗被抑制,理论上可实现高偏振度、高光束质量激光输出。在实验方面,利用量子阱材料的增益偏振特性,通过脊型高度与宽度的设计,制备了高偏振度、基横模的窄脊型波导半导体激光器。

高能电子束辐照脆肉鲩鱼片的贮藏品质分析

该试验研究了高能电子束辐照技术应用于脆肉鲩鱼片的保鲜效果,采用不同剂量(0、1、3、5、7 kGy)的电子束辐照,结合真空包装于4℃冷藏条件下保鲜,测定菌落总数(APC)、脂质氧化产物(TBARs)、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、质构(TPA)和色度,结合感官评价探究电子束辐照对鱼片冷藏期间贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,辐照能较大程度抑制鲩鱼片中微生物的增长,3~7 kGy的辐照剂量能使鲩鱼片在整个贮藏期间菌落总数保持在106 CFU/g以下,推断3 kGy是脆肉鲩鱼片最低有效剂量。虽然辐照处理后会导致鲩鱼片TBARs值增加,但在贮藏后期有延缓TBARs值上升的效果,5 kGy及更低剂量可维持鲩鱼片TBARs在较低水平。同样,辐照能延缓鱼片TVB-N含量的增加。辐照对鲩鱼片气味、质构和色值影响差异不显著。综合考量,在真空包装,4℃冷藏的条件下,3 kGy是脆肉鲩鱼片最低有效剂量,5 kGy是最高耐受剂量,使用3~5 kGy剂量电子束辐照处理,最适用于脆肉鲩生鱼片的贮藏保鲜。该研究结果为电子束辐照应用于脆肉鲩鱼片的保鲜提供参考依据。