Concentration effect of the near-infrared quantum cutting of 1788-nm luminescence of Tm^(3+) ion in(Y_(1-x)Tm_x)_3Al_5O_(12) powder phosphor

In the present paper, the concentration effect of near-infrared quantum cutting of Tm3＋ ion in （Y1-xTmx）3Al5Ol2 powder phosphor is studied by means of experiments and calculations. In addition, the absorption spectra, visible-to-near- infrared excitation and emission spectra, and fluorescence lifetimes are measured. It is found that （Y1-xTmx）3Al5O12 powder phosphor has a strong four-photon near-infrared quantum cutting luminescence of 1788.0-nm 3F4 →3H6 fluores- cence of Tm3＋ ion, when excited by 357.0-nm light. It is also found that the up-limit of the four-photon near-infrared quantum cutting luminescence efficiency of （Yo.700Tmo.300）3Al5 O12 powder phosphor is approximately 302.19%. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first time that a near-infrared quantum cutting efficiency up-limit exceeding 300% has been reported. The results of this manuscript are valuable in aiding the probing of the new generation Ge solar cell.

Near-infrared Quantum Cutting in Pr^(3+)-Yb^(3+) Co-doped Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics Containing CaF_2 Nanocrystals

The Pr3＋-Yb3＋ co-doped oxyfluoride glass-ceramics containing CaF2 nanocrystals were obtained by thermal treatment on the as-made glasses. The structure of fluoride nanocrystals was investigated. The light-emitting mechanism of pr3＋-yb3＋ in the near infrared region was proposed and the fluorescence lifetime and quantum efficiency was calculated. The results indicate that the main phase in the oxyfluoride glass- ceramics is CaF2 nanocrystal sized at 30 nm. Energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） have proved the incorporation of Pr3＋ and Yb3＋ into CaF2 nanocrystal lattice, Near-infrared quantum cutting involving Yb3＋ 980 nm and 1 015 tun （2F5/2→2F7/2） emission has been achieved upon the excitation of the 3P0 energy level of Pr3＋ at 482 nm. The fluorescence lifetime decreases sharply and quantum efficiency increases with increasing Yb3＋ concentration, and the optimal quantum efficiency reaches 191%.

Efficient near-infrared quantum cutting in Tb3＋,Yb3＋ codoped LuPO_4 phosphors

Tb^（3＋） and Yb^（3＋） codoped LuPO_4 phosphors were prepared by the reverse-strike co-precipitation method.The obtained LuPO_4：Tb^（3＋）,Yb^（3＋） phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,photoluminescence（PL） spectra and decay kinetics to understand the near-infrared quantum cutting（QC） phenomena.The XRD results showed that all the phosphors exhibited good crystallinity and had a pure tetragonal phase of LuPO_4.The experimental results showed that the strong green emission around 545 nm from Tb^（3＋）（~5D_4→~7F_5） and near-infrared（NIR） emission at 1003 nm from Yb^（3＋）（~2F_（5/2）→~2F_（7/2）） of LuPO_4：Tb^（3＋）,Yb^（3＋）phosphors were observed under 489 nm excitation,respectively.The Yb^（3＋） concentration dependence on luminescent properties and lifetimes of both the visible and NIR emissions were also investigated.The quenching concentration of Yb^（3＋） ions approached as high as 10 mol.%.The excellent luminescence properties of the LuPO_4：Tb^（3＋）,Yb^（3＋） indicated its potential application in improving the energy conversion efficiency of the silicon based solar cells by converting one blue photon to two NIR ones.

Efficient near-infrared quantum cutting by Ce^(3+)-Yb^(3+) couple in GdBO_3 phosphors

Ce3＋ and Yb3＋ co-activated GdBO3 phosphors were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. X-ray powder diffraction, photoluminescent spectra and decay curves were used to characterize their structural and luminescent properties. An efficient near-infrared （NIR） quantum cutting （QC） from the phosphors was observed, which involved the emission of two low-energy NIR photons （around 971 nm） from an absorbed ultra-violet （UV） photon at 358 nm via a cooperative energy transfer （CET） from Ce3＋ to Yb3＋ ions. The theoretical quantum efficiency was calculated and the maximum efficiency approached up to 164% before reaching the critical concentration quenching threshold. Our results demonstrated that these phosphors might find potential application in improving the efficiency of silicon based solar cells.

Near-infrared lead chalcogenide quantum dots:Synthesis and applications in light emitting diodes

This paper reviews the recent progress in the synthesis of near-infrared(NIR) lead chalcogenide(PbX;PbX = PbS,PbSe, PbTe) quantum dots(QDs) and their applications in NIR QDs based light emitting diodes(NIR-QLEDs). It summarizes the strategies of how to synthesize high efficiency PbX QDs and how to realize high performance Pb X based NIR-QLEDs.

Infrared quantum cutting conversion luminescence of Tb(0.7)Yb(3):FOV

The infrared quantum cutting of oxyfluoride nanophase vitroceramics Tb（0.7）Yb（3）：FOV has been studied in the present paper. The actual quantum cutting efficiency formula calculated from integral fluorescence intensity is extended to the case of Tb（0.7）Yb（3）：FOV. The visible and the infrared fluorescence spectra and their integral fluorescence intensities are measured from static fluorescence experiment. Lifetime curve is measured from dynamic fluorescence experiment. It is found that the total actual quantum cutting efficiency n of the excited 5D4 level is about 93.7%, and that of excited （5D3, 5G6） levels is 93.5%. It is also found that the total theoretical quantum cutting efficiency upper limit ？~x^Yb of the 485.5 nm excited 5D4 level is about 121.7%, and that of 378.5 nm excited （5D3, 5G6） levels is 137.2%.

分布式量子计算研究进展

量子比特的高效拓展是量子计算获取量子加速优势需要解决的基本问题,分布式量子计算(DQC)因其高度可行性和灵活性,成为解决量子比特拓展问题的关键技术之一。根据芯片间通信方式的不同,分布式量子计算可以分为基于量子隐形传态和基于量子线路拆分的分布式量子计算两种类型,前者主要面向容错量子计算,而后者被认为可在中等规模含噪声量子(NISQ)时代有效提升量子计算机算力。从长远角度来看,作为量子网络的主要应用之一,分布式量子计算可以更好地整合接入量子网络的海量量子计算机以解决高难度问题。首先介绍了分布式量子计算的来源和类型,在此基础上,给出了两类分布式量子计算的基本原理和发展状况,以及关注度较高的应用算法和编译优化方法。

Crown ether-assisted room-temperature halide passivation for highefficiency PbS quantum dots enabling large-area and long-lifetime near-infrared QD-OLEDs

High-efficiency and low-cost near-infrared(NIR)emitting quantum dots(QDs)are highly desirable for next-generation intrinsically flexible NIR light sources.Halide passivation is commonly employed to passivate surface traps to obtain high-quality NIRemitting PbS QDs,but this procedure requires high temperature and inert atmospheres.Here we develop a facile roomtemperature halide passivation method for highly efficient NIR-emitting PbS QDs by employing crown ethers as a unique auxiliary additive.Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the formation of K^(+)-crown ethers complex effectively facilitates the dissociation of KCl in toluene and releases more Cl^(−)ions for extraordinary halide passivation at room temperature and in the air,thus improving the photoluminescence quantum yield from 24%to 35%in solution and further to 44%in blend films.The well-passivated PbS QD films are integrated with red organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)and the resulting QDOLEDs exhibit high-performance NIR emission centered at 887 nm,a high external quantum efficiency of 5.2%at a radiance of 10 W·sr^(−1)·m^(−2),superior operational stability with long lifetime T90 of 188 h at the current density of 25 mA·cm^(−2).We also construct a large-area NIR QD-OLED(5 cm×5 cm)with desirable uniform emission.This work opens a new avenue to achieve robust large-area NIR planar light sources for broad applications.

Synthesis of Silver Sulf ide Quantum Dots Via the Liquid–Liquid Interface Reaction in a Rotating Packed Bed Reactor

We developed the high-gravity coupled liquid-liquid interface reaction technique on the basis of the rotating packed bed(RPB)reactor for the continuous and ultrafast synthesis of silver sulfide(Ag2S)quantum dots(QDs)with near-infrared(NIR)luminescence.The formation of Ag2S QDs occurs at the interface of microdroplets,and the average size of Ag2S QDs was 4.5 nm with a narrow size distribution.Ag2S QDs can disperse well in various organic solvents and exhibit NIR luminescence with a peak wavelength at 1270 nm under 980-nm laser excitation.The mechanism of the process intensification was revealed by both the computational fluid dynamics simulation and fluorescence imaging,and the mechanism is attributed to the small and uniform droplet formation in the RPB reactor.This study provides a novel approach for the continuous and ultrafast synthesis of NIR Ag2S QDs for potential scale-up.

Squeezing Effects on the Estimation Precision of Cut off Frequency

We study the behavior of quantum Fisher information for a qubit probe that is interacting with a squeezed thermal environment. We analyzed the effect of squeezing parameters on the dynamics of quantum Fisher information which affects the optimal precision of the estimation parameter. We show that the squeezed field may offer a significant role in the precise measurement of the parameter cut-off frequency which is linked to the environment correlation time. Our results may be useful in quantum metrology, communication, and quantum estimation processes.

自适应量子粒子群网络下的切削加工参数优化

为提升智能数控机床科技的加工质量和刀具耐磨度,并降低生产成本,提出一种自适应量子粒子群网络下的切削加工参数优化方法。为解决多目标数控切削参数优化的非线性与多约束问题,将粒子群方法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)与改进Elman网络结合,并在粒子群方法中引入量子机制,通过自适应惯性权值调节适应度,利用自适应动量反向传播(Back Propagation,BP)方法完成网络训练,在网络学习的过程中,获得最优数控切削参数。采用KMC800SU五轴立式数控机床完成Matlab 2021a下的对比实验,以表面粗糙度为例,利用此方法加工的工件粗加工和精加工粗糙度能分别达到7.6μm、3.5μm,而PSO方法仅能分别达到8.6μm、3.9μm。结果表明,此方法相对于PSO方法的参数匹配更加合理,能够在较少的迭代次数下达到稳定和较优的表面粗糙程度、刀具耐磨度与平均最大完工时长。

碳量子点—壳聚糖涂膜对鲜切香菇的保鲜效果

目的:改善鲜切香菇的保鲜效果。方法:以火龙果皮和乙二胺为原料合成碳量子点,并表征其稳定性和毒性。以鲜切香菇为研究对象,分别使用0.0,1.5,3.0,4.5 mL/100 mL的碳量子点—壳聚糖涂膜液(N-CDs/CH)进行保鲜处理后4℃贮藏10 d,其间每24 h测定其失重率、色差、可溶性固形物和多酚氧化酶等指标,以评价复合膜的保鲜效果。结果:合成的碳量子点荧光稳定性良好,外表面含有羟基、氨基等官能团,且无细胞毒性,具备典型碳量子点的特征。贮藏第10天,经4.5 mL/100 mL碳量子点—壳聚糖涂膜液处理的失重率为3.31%,色度为10.32,可溶性固形物含量为4%,多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性为104.65 U/(kg·s),各项指标均显著优于空白组及其他处理组(P<0.05)。结论:采用4.5 mL/100 mL的碳量子点—壳聚糖涂膜液处理可以有效抑制鲜切香菇的水分流失和多酚氧化酶活性,改善香菇色泽,提升保鲜效果。

QAOA最大切割问题的类Dijkstra优化及实现

最大切割问题是可以用量子近似优化算法(QAOA)来解决的典型问题,Ansatz线路构造为该算法的重要组成部分。为了减少多种图结构在QAOA中的构造代价和提高其稳定性,从线路的可优化性出发进行分析,结合Dijkstra算法的点边存放特点,提出了该线路的类Dijkstra优化算法,并将其应用于QAOA最大切割问题。使用Qiskit量子框架来模拟优化算法的正确性,并用IBM Quantum Composer的真实环境进行对比实验来验证优化的稳定性。与未优化的线路相比,此优化算法下的CNOT门能减少约40%,其稳定性也得到了明显的提高。结果表明类Dijkstra优化算法可以适用于QAOA最大切割问题的多种图结构优化。

InAs/InP/ZnSe Core/Shell/Shell Quantum Dots as Near-Infrared Emitters:Bright,Narrow-Band,Non-Cadmium Containing,and Biocompatible

High quality InAs/InP/ZnSe core/shell/shell quantum dots have been grown by a one-pot approach.This engineered quantum dots with unique near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence,possessing outstanding optical properties,and the biocompatibility desired for in vivo applications.The resulting quantum dots have significantly lower intrinsic toxicity compared to NIR emissive dots containing elements such as cadmium,mercury,or lead.Also,these newly developed ultrasmall non-Cd containing and NIR-emitting quantum dots showed signifi cantly improved circulation half-life and minimal reticuloendothelial system(RES)uptake.

Multi-photon quantum cutting in Gd_(2)O_(2)S:Tm^(3+) to enhance the photo-response of solar cells

Conventional photoluminescence(PL)yields at most one emitted photon for each absorption event.Downconversion(or quantum cutting)materials can yield more than one photon by virtue of energy transfer processes between luminescent centers.In this work,we introduce Gd2O2S:Tm^(3+) as a multi-photon quantum cutter.It can convert near-infrared,visible,or ultraviolet photons into two,three,or four infrared photons of,1800 nm,respectively.The cross-relaxation steps between Tm^(3+) ions that lead to quantum cutting are identified from(time-resolved)PL as a function of the Tm^(3+) concentration in the crystal.A model is presented that reproduces the way in which the Tm^(3+) concentration affects both the relative intensities of the various emission lines and the excited state dynamics and providing insight in the quantum cutting efficiency.Finally,we discuss the potential application of Gd2O2S:Tm^(3+) for spectral conversion to improve the efficiency of next-generation photovoltaics.

PbS quantum dots and Ba F_(2):Tm^(3+) nanocrystals co-doped glass for ultra-broadband near-infrared emission [Invited]

With the rapid growth of optical communications traffic,the demand for broadband optical amplifiers continues to increase.It is necessary to develop a gain medium that covers more optical communication bands.We precipitated PbS quantum dots(QDs) and Ba F_(2):Tm^(3+) nanocrystals (NCs) in the same glass to form two independent emission centers.The Ba F_(2)NCs in the glass can provide a crystal field environment with low phonon energy for rare earth (RE) ions and prevent the energy transfer between RE ions and PbS QDs.By adjusting the heat treatment schedule,the emission of the two luminescence centers from PbS QDs and Tm^(3+) ions perfectly splices and covers the ultra-broadband near-infrared emission from 1200 nm to 2000 nm with bandwidth over 430 nm.Therefore,it is expected to be a promising broadband gain medium for fiber amplifiers.

Quantum cutting in Gd_2SiO_5:Eu^(3+) by VUV excitation

The emission and excitation spectra of Gd2SiO5: Eu3+ were investigated using the VUVbeam line of the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF). The experimental results werediscussed in the frame of visible quantum cutting process involved in Gd3+-Eu3+ system. Upon di-rect excitation into the 6GJ states of Gd3+, two visible photon emissions from Eu3+ were observed.Cursory evaluation proved that Gd2SiO5: Eu3+ is an efficient visible quantum cutter.

Er^(3+),Yb^(3+)共掺杂的NaYF_4荧光粉的制备及下转换发光研究

采用高温固相法合成了Er3+、Yb3+共掺杂的NaYF4荧光粉。XRD测量数据表明合成的样品为纯相。测量了样品的激发谱和发射谱,证明377 nm的紫外光通过量子剪裁的形式将能量传递给一个Yb3+,发射一个975 nm的红外光子,再从4F9/2能级跃迁到基态发射一个红外光子。测量了377 nm激发下,监测541 nm的发光寿命曲线,计算得到最大的量子效率为126.35%。通过监测Yb3+的975 nm的近红外发射,证明了Er3+的4F7/2和2H11/2能级通过下转换的形式将吸收的485 nm和519 nm的能量传递给Yb3+。这种将Er3+在可见光波段的多种光子能量传递给Yb3+发射975 nm的近红外光子的思想在以前的研究中从未被提出。

用于GaAs太阳能电池的NaYF_4中Tb^(3+)-Er^(3+)耦合对的光谱转换

观测到一种以Tb3+-Er3+进行光谱转换的量子剪裁现象。一个高能紫外光子(Tb3+的7F6→5L1)被量子剪裁成两个低能光子:一个是近红外光子(Er3+的4I9/2→4I15/2),另一个是蓝色光子(Tb3+的5D4→7F6),它们两个都可以被GaAs太阳能电池有效地吸收。量子剪裁效率高达188%,接近理论极限的200%。从Tb3+(5L1→5D4)到Er3+(4 I15/2→4 I9/2)的能量传递的能量失配是237 cm-1,比NaYF4中的声子能400 cm-1小,能量传递是近共振的。Tb3+施主间的能量迁移可以近似地用扩散模型处理,从Tb3+-Er3+对之间能量传递的初始过程发现,偶极-偶极相互作用占主导地位。