SCC Behaviour of X-70 Pipeline Steel in Near-Neutral pH Solutions

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of X-70 pipeline steel in near-neutral pH solutions was studied via slow strain rate testing (SSRT). The results showed that the cracking mode of X-70 pipeline steel in near-neutral pH solutions was transgranular at different temperatures and applied potentials with the feature of quasi-cleavage. The pH value of the solution decreased with increasing the addition of CO2, which increased the susceptibility to SCC. SCC susceptibility increased as the applied potential moved towards the cathodic direction, suggesting that hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) dominated the cracking process at cathodic potentials. The slight decrease of pH values with decreasing temperature of the solution increased the susceptibility to SCC, which attributed to the change of solubility of CO2 in the solution at different temperatures. The propagating directions of SCC cracks were different at different potentials. At rather negative cathodic potentials, the cracks were almost perpendicular to the tensile axis, while at free corrosion potential and near anodic potentials, cracks were nearly at 45 degree, and in the range of moderate cathodic potentials both propagating directions could be observed.

Effect of Cyclic Loading on Cracking Behaviour of X-70 PipelineSteel in Near-Neutral pH Solutions

The cracking behaviour of X-70 pipeline steel in near-neutral pH solutions was studied under different modes of cyclic loading. The crack propagation process of X-70 pipeline steel under low frequency cyclic loading condition was controlled mainly by stress corrosion cracking （SCC） mechanism. Under mixed-mode cyclic loading, both higher tensile stress and shear stress made cracks easier to propagate. Applied cathodic potentials and high content of carbon dioxide in solutions also promoted the propagation of cracks. The propagation directions of cracks were different under different cyclic loading conditions. Under mode I （pure tensile stress） cyclic loading condition, cracks were straight and perpendicular to the tensile stress axis, while under mixed-mode 1/111 （tensile/shear stress） cyclic loading,cracks were sinuous and did not propagate in the direction perpendicular to the main tensile stress axis. Under the mixed-mode cyclic loading, cracks were much easier to propagate, suggesting that shear stress intensified the role of tensile stress. In addition, shear stress promoted the interaction between cracks, resulting in easier coalescence of cracks.

Efficient removal of Al(Ⅲ)and P507 from high concentration MgCl_(2)solution based on in-situ reaction strategy

For a highly efficient recycling of a wastewater containing a high concentration of MgCl_(2),Al(Ⅲ)and P507 were scheduled to be removed in advance.In this study,the in-situ removal of Al(Ⅲ)and P507 from a high concentration MgCl_(2)solution at different pH values and Al/P molar ratios was investigated.The results showed that P507 formed organic complexes of Al_(x)(OH)_y^(Z+)-P507 at pH of 2.0-4.0.At pH of 4.0-5.0,Al(Ⅲ)precipitated and transferred into Al(OH)_(3)with a flocculent amorphous morphology.Active sites on the Al(OH)_(3)surface enhanced the removal efficiency of P507.At pH of 6.0-6.5,Al(Ⅲ)and Mg(Ⅱ)formed layered crystalline Al(OH)_(3)and MgAl_(2)(OH)_(8with)small pore channels and fewer active sites,resulting in a reduced removal efficiency of P507.When the Al/P molar ratio exceeded 13 and the pH was between 4.0 and 5.0,the removal rates of both Al(Ⅲ)and P507 were higher than98%,while the concentration loss of Mg(Ⅱ)was only 0.2%-0.9%.

碳化条件下混凝土中钢筋腐蚀pH阈值研究

目的 确定碳化条件下几种典型缓冲溶液及模拟混凝土孔隙液中钢筋的腐蚀pH阈值范围。方法 采用电化学阻抗谱法,对不同pH、不同配制方法的缓冲溶液及模拟混凝土孔隙液中的钢筋试片进行电化学测量,选用不同的等效电路进行拟合,对测量中钢筋试片发生的电化学过程进行简要阐述。结合阻抗谱测量结果、等效电路拟合结果及工作电极典型宏观形貌,判断钢筋试片腐蚀状态,给出不同溶液对应的钢筋腐蚀pH阈值范围。结果离子环境不同,各缓冲溶液及模拟混凝土孔隙液中钢筋腐蚀pH阈值均存在一定差异,位于9~10.5不等。结论 混凝土碳化引入的HCO_(3)^(–)和CO_(3)^(2–)对钢筋腐蚀有促进作用。混凝土孔隙液pH越低,钢筋腐蚀越容易发生。因此,仅根据pH判断混凝土中钢筋腐蚀状态的方法并不可靠。

Effects of Nutrient Solution pH on the Growth of Seedlings of Sugarcane

The impacts of pH on roots growth of sugarcane seedlings were explored by a pot test. The nutrient solution with three pH levels, Le., 5.0, 7.0 and 8.5 were applied to culture five combination seedlings, including A （RB85-5156 × YR05-407）, B （YR06-3501 ×Tolodo）, C （YT94-128 × GZ75-65）, D （ROC6 × YR05-733） and E （VMC87-95 ×YR05-171）. The result indicated that root length, root surface, root volume and root diameter were all in the largest in B combination with solution pH= 7.0, and the root length, root surface, root volume were in the largest in combination A, C, D and E with solution pH=8.5. Root activity in combination C, D and E were in the highest with solution pH=5.0, while it was in the highest for combination B when pH=7.0. In general, the root growth and morphology in all five combinations were better in the solutions with pH of 7.0 and 8.5.

The Effect of the pH of Ammonum Nitrate Solution on the Susceptability of Mild Steel to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) and General Corrosion

This work investigates the relative aggressiveness of nitrate solutions at different pH values on mild steel towards stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and general corrosion. Electrochemical behavior and stress corrosion cracking sus-ceptibility measurements were carried out in 52 Wt% ammonium nitrate solutions at 368° K and various pH values ranging from 0.77 to 9.64. Constant load stress corrosion test at 90% yield stress was conducted. Tested specimens were prepared and examined using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The potentiodynamic polarization curves for different pH values again emphasized the validity of the gravimetric measurements and hence the mechanism of cracking was attributed to the stress that assisted the dissolution process.

焦化生化废水处理pH值调节技术研究与应用

拜城县众泰煤焦化有限公司现有焦化废水处理采用A^(2)/O工艺技术,采用固体碳酸钠作为调节废水pH的药剂。由于碳酸钠为固体,在调节p H的过程中存在调整不及时导致p H指标超标、人工劳动强度增大的弊端。通过实验发现,采用30%的氢氧化钠溶液代替碳酸钠固体调节生化废水pH,能有效解决原有工艺技术存在的弊端,调节效果非常明显,且每年节约废水处理药剂费用约40万元。

THE INFLUENCES OF SOLUTION PH AND CURRENT DENSITY ON COERCIVITY OF ELECTROPLATING CoNdNiMnP PERMANENT MAGNETIC ALLOY FILM ARRAYS

The influences of plating bath solution PH and current density on coercivity of electroplating CoNdNiMnP permanent magnetic film arrays were studied. The experiment results show that both for solution PH and current density there were the best depositing parameters. Too high and too low plating bath solution PH or current density both result in decreasing of the film array coercivity. When solution PH is 3.5 and current density is 5mA/cm2, the prepared film array coercivity can reach the maximum.

Oxygen permeability of soft contact lenses in different pH, osmolality and buffering solution

AIMTo determine the effect of pH, osmolality, and buffering system on the oxygen permeability (Dk) of soft contact lenses.METHODSTwo hydrogel lenses (nelfilcon A and etafilcon A) and 2 silicone hydrogel lenses (lotrafilcon A and balafilcon A) were used in the study. These lenses were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and borate-buffered saline (BBS) solutions adjusted by 0.8 pH increments to a pH in the range of 5.8-9.0 or in hypotonic (280 mOsmol/kg), isotonic (310 mOsmol/kg) and hypertonic (380 mOsmol/kg) PBS solutions. Polarographic method was used for measuring the Dk and lenses were stacked as 4 layers to correct the boundary effect.RESULTSDk values of all contact lenses measured in BBS solutions were more stable than those in PBS solutions. Especially the etafilcon A lens showed a relative big change compared with other types of contact lenses at the same conditions. When the osmolality of PBS solution increased from hypotonic to hypertonic, Dk of all contact lenses decreased. Variations in Dk existed depending on lens materials, etafilcon A lens was the most affected and nelfilcon A was the least affected by osmolality.CONCLUSIONFrom the result obtained, it is revealed that Dk of contact lenses is changed by the pH, osmolality, and buffering condition of tear. Thus, Dk of contact lens can be varied by the lens wearers' physiological and/or pathological conditions.

In-situ pH Measurement at the Electrode/Solution Interface

In this paper a pH microprobe technique was developed to measure in-situ the pH value at the electrode/solution interface. Iridium oxide was used as a pH sensitive material with good response behavior in the measured solutions. The experimental results indicated that the interfacial pH increased with the applied potential, first jumped to a maximum, then slowly decreased at the controlled potential during the electrodeposition process of functional ceramics.

Electrochemical Study on Hydrogen Evolution and CO2 Reduction on Pt Electrode in Acid Solutions with Different pH

Hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is the major cathodic reaction which competes CO2 reduction reaction(CO2 RR)on Pt electrode.Molecular level understanding on how these two reactions interact with each other and what the key factors are of CO2 RR kinetics and selectivity will be of great help in optimizing electrolysers for CO2 reduction.In this work,we report our results of hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction on Pt(111)and Pt film electrodes in CO2 saturated acid solution by cyclic voltammetry and infrared spectroscopy.In solution with pH>2,the major process is HER and the interfacial pH increases abruptly during HER;COad is the only adsorbed intermediate detected in CO2 reduction by infrared spectroscopy;the rate for COad formation increases with the coverage of UPD-H and reaches maximum at the onset potential for HER;the decrease of COad formation under HER is attributed to the available limited sites and the limited residence time for the reduction intermediate(Had),which is necessary for CO2 adsorption and reduction.

缓冲液pH值对单晶冰糖色值检测的影响

采用《冰糖试验方法》(QB/T 5010—2016)中的分光光度计法测定单晶冰糖的色值,并研究缓冲溶液p H值对单晶冰糖色值检测结果的影响。结果表明,缓冲溶液pH值为7.0时,单晶冰糖色值的检测结果更为准确。

超细水泥-硅灰二元低pH注浆材料特性研究

采用简化磨碎溶出法测试了硅灰(SF)掺量为30%~50%(质量分数,下同)、水胶比为1.4的超细水泥(SC)注浆材料结石体在不同龄期的pH值,探讨SF掺量、SiO_(2)含量和C-S-H凝胶理论钙硅摩尔比对注浆材料pH值的影响,并测试了60%SC+40%SF低pH注浆材料的流变性能和力学性能,同时利用SEM、XRD、TG表征手段分析了结石体的水化产物和微观结构。结果表明,当SF掺量大于40%、SiO_(2)含量大于50%、C-S-H凝胶钙硅摩尔比小于0.8时,结石体pH值小于11.00。萘系减水剂(SP)能显著降低浆液的马氏漏斗黏度,SP适宜掺量为1.6%。宾汉姆模型能够很好地描述浆液流变性能。水胶比的提高对结石体抗压强度有不利影响,因此水胶比不宜超过1.6。由于SF具有火山灰效应和稀释效应,养护180 d后结石体内不存在Ca(OH)_(2),其主要水化产物为低钙硅比的C-S-H凝胶和钙矾石。

激发剂含量及养护温度对偏高岭土基地聚物孔溶液pH的影响

【目的】长期暴露在大气中的地聚物会因碳化导致孔溶液pH下降,进而引起结构钢筋锈蚀。需要对地质聚合反应后体系的孔溶液pH进行分析。【方法】本文采用常温和高温两种养护方式,测试不同激发剂含量下偏高岭土基地聚物孔溶液的pH,通过反应程度测试、压汞测试(mercury intrusion porosimetry,MIP)、扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)测试来探究其中的相关性,分析激发剂含量及养护温度对地聚物孔溶液pH的影响。【结果】地聚物孔溶液pH和水化反应相关,养护早期,反应消耗OH−离子导致孔溶液pH持续下降,随着养护时间延长,反应减缓,孔溶液pH趋于稳定。反应程度和微观结构测试表明,提高激发剂含量,能促进地聚物原材料的溶解和聚合反应,使地聚物微观结构得到改善,但会降低反应后孔溶液的pH。【结论】采用高温条件养护有利于地聚物的早期固化,加速原材料在碱性激发剂中的溶解,但会进一步消耗体系中的OH−离子,降低了孔溶液的pH。

复杂组成缓冲溶液pH值的讨论

缓冲溶液是酸碱解离平衡的重点内容,为解决复杂组成缓冲溶液pH值计算的问题,以磷酸盐体系为例,讨论了三种组成的缓冲溶液pH值的计算方法,考察了近似计算和精确计算的区别,旨在培养学生的逻辑思维和推导能力,加深学生对基本概念和理论的理解,也是对现行教材有益的补充.

Bicarbonate used as a buffer for controlling nutrient solution pH value during the growth of hydroponic lettuce

Unstable pH of nutrient solution in hydroponic systems is a major obstacle to production.To simplify the management of nutrient solution pH and attenuate negative effects of pH on plant growth,this study investigated the effect of different buffer salt additions on nutrient solution pH,ion uptake,growth and photosynthesis of Yamazaki lettuce,with the equivalent concentrations of macro-element unchanged.The results indicated that the pH of nutrient solution was buffered to varying degrees by the 2 mol/L HCO_(3)^(-),1 mol/L HCO_(3)^(-),and 0.33 mol/L HPO_(4)^(2-)The 0.33 mol/L HPO_(4)^(2-)treatment fluctuated most with a pH of 1.74 units,while the addition of HCO_(3)^(-)buffered nutrient solution pH was better,with higher pH values(7.2-7.7).The CK-pH control solution,1 mol/L HCO_(3)^(-)and 0.33 mol/L HPO_(4)^(2-)treatments all promoted the uptake of ion and then the growth of lettuce was better in comparison with the CK-pH no adjustment treatment,while the 2 mol/L HCO_(3)^(-)treatment inhibited K uptake and reduced the availability of Fe,the shoot and root fresh weight of lettuce decreased by 21.3%and 10.1%,respectively.In addition,although the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate under 1 mol/L HCO_(3)^(-)and 0.33 mol/L HPO_(4)^(2-)treatments were significantly lower than the CK-pH control solution treatment,there were no significant differences in leaf length and leaf number of lettuce among them,and shoot fresh weight per plant was 83.09,82.95,and 78.92 g,respectively.In conclusion,adding 1 mol/L HCO_(3)^(-)to the nutrient solution in a single dosage not only buffered the pH of nutrient solution better but also promoted ion uptake,it had no negative effects on the growth,photosynthesis and ion uptake of hydroponic lettuce in comparison with the CK-pH control solution treatment.Therefore,1 mol/L HCO_(3)^(-)can be used as a buffer during the growth of hydroponic lettuce and reduce frequent addition of acids or alkalis,and then simplify the management of nutrient solution for hydroponic lettuce production.

Electrolyte-gated SrCoO_(x) FET sensor for highly sensitive detecting pH in extreme alkalinity solution

The pH monitoring is significantly important in chemical industry,biological process,and pollution treatment.However,it remains a great challenge to measure pH in extreme alkalinity conditions.Herein,we employ an electrolyte-gated field-effect-transistor(FET)strategy using non-stoichiometric SrCoO_(x) with rich oxygen-vacancy defects as channel materials for detecting extreme alkalinity.The corresponding channel can provide effective oxygen-ion-migration sites for reversible transformation of OH-↔O_(2)-+H^(+)driven by electric field.The resultant electrolyte-gated FET sensor exhibits a sensitive linear response to high concentrations of alkaline solution,1–20 M.Significantly,the sensor has the ability to directly indicate the pH values ranging from 14.0 to 17.0 in consideration of ion-activity coefficient data.This work offers a great possibility for directly detecting base concentration as well as pH values in extreme alkaline solutions.

Effect of anodic dissolution and passivation on X80 steel in NaHCO_(3) solution

The effects of extreme stray current on the anodic dissolution and passivation of X80 steel in NaHCO3 solution were investigated using measurements of polarization curves and EIS,AFM and SEM techniques.Under the interference of anodic current(i=0~200 A/m2),main constituents of corrosion products of X80 steel were FeO(OH)and Fe3 O4.A double-layer film formed at i=00 A/m2,in which FeOOH was in outer and Fe3 O4 lied in inner.The formation mechanism of Fe3 O4 was confirmed and described by the electrochemical reaction in various regions on anodic potentiodynamic polarization curve.

Leaching of Silver from Boorchi Ag-Pb Ore in Mongolia with Acidic Thiourea Solution

A hydrometallurgical process to extract silver from the silver-lead ore in Boorchi,Mongolia by using thiourea leaching solution is studied in this work.Through the observation of optical and scanning electron microscopes,and energy spectral analysis,it is determined that 5 kinds of silver minerals exist in the ore,including argentite,Ag-tetrahedrite,Ag-Zn-Sb-tetrahedrite,freibergite and acanthite.The experimental results of direct thiourea leaching of the ore show that 56%～60% of silver is leached.The main reason for the low leaching rate is due to silver minerals enveloped in galena and other minerals,even though the ore is ground to the particle size of 75μm.When the ore is pretreated with ammonium carbonate solution under oxidation,the experimental results of thiourea leaching show that the leaching rate of silver increases to near 75% with the pretreatment.Based on the leaching experiments,a principle hydrometallurgical technological route to extract silver from the Ag-Pb ore is proposed.

全浸腐蚀条件下溶液pH对2A12-T4铝合金剥蚀的影响

以EXCO标准溶液(pH为0.4)为基础,通过改变溶液pH为1和2,研究了全浸腐蚀条件下溶液pH对2A12-T4铝合金剥蚀行为的影响规律和机理。结果表明:随着溶液pH增加,试样在腐蚀初期的质量减少和腐蚀后期的质量增加幅度均明显降低,剥蚀程度明显减弱,且由全面剥蚀转变成局部剥蚀。试样在不同pH溶液中的截面剥蚀扩展特征基本相同。在pH=1的试验溶液中,试样经过192 h腐蚀后,其剥蚀扩展区的晶间腐蚀特征与海南万宁自然环境试验站7 a的非常相近,且均为局部剥蚀。在研究铝合金的大气局部剥蚀时,建议全浸溶液pH取1。