The Outcome of Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis without Wound Suction Drainage

Background: In spine surgery postoperative closed suction drainage is used to decrease the potential risks of wound hematoma formation, and reduces the risk of infection, cord compression and neurologic deficit. However, the efficacy of drains used for this purpose in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate outcomes of patients after posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis without wound suction drainage. Methods: A total of 66 Patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation for the correction of Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis without the use of drain from January 2012 to January 2021 were included. Wound dehiscence, wound hematoma, infection, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels and need for transfusion were described as frequency and mean values. Results: The average age was 15.06 years. Hospital stay was 2.2 days. Patients were followed-up over 50.21 months. There was no deep infection, wound hematoma. The difference between just postoperative and three days after operation hemoglobin levels was not significant and no need for transfusion. Only 3 (4.5%) cases with superficial skin infection and 4 (6%) cases with skin and Wound dehiscence were treated with dressing and antibiotics with full recovery. Conclusion: Without using drain for patients with idiopathic scoliosis who underwent posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation, no increase in blood loss, transfusion requirements, wound infection, skin dehiscence, and wound hematoma was observed.

Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Self-Weight Penetration Velocity of Suction Anchor Foundations in Sand

The application of the wellhead suction anchor in the second production test of natural gas hydrates(NGHs)in the South China Sea(SCS)was met with success.This design incorporates a central conductor guide pipe,which distinguishes it from traditional suction foundations.However,this addition resulted in a relatively high penetration resistance and a shallower penetration depth at the self-weight penetration stage.To mitigate this issue,the current study proposes an optimized design where the end of the suction foundation is sharpened.The installation characteristics of the traditional suction foundation and new suction foundation during self-weight penetration into sand are studied through laboratory tests and theoretical analysis.The flat and sharpened bottom shapes are considered in the traditional and new suction models.The effects of the initial penetration velocity on the initial penetration depth and soil plug and impact cavity characteristics are systematically studied.The results show that the self-weight penetration depth of the foundation with a sharpened bottom is 44.5%deeper than that of the foundation with a flat bottom.There are cavities around the foundation at the self-weight penetration stage,and the penetration depth is overestimated by 15%-30%.Finally,a model for predicting the penetration depth of the new suction foundation is proposed.

Flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid through a porous medium due to stretching/shrinking sheet with suction,magnetic field and thermal radiation

This study investigates the suction and magnetic field effects on the two-dimensional nanofluid flow through a stretching/shrinking sheet at the stagnation point in the porous medium with thermal radiation.The governing partial differential equations(PDEs)are converted into ordinary differential equations(ODEs)using the similarity transformation.The resulting ODEs are then solved numerically by using the bvp4c solver in MATLAB software.It was found that dual solutions exist for the shrinking parameter values up to a certain range.The numerical results obtained are compared,and the comparison showed a good agreement with the existing results in the literature.The governing parameters’effect on the velocity,temperature and nanoparticle fraction fields as well as the skin friction coefficient,the local Nusselt number and the Sherwood number are represented graphically and analyzed.The variation of the velocity,temperature and concentration increase with the increase in the suction and magnetic field parameters.It seems that the thermal radiation effect has increased the local Sherwood number while the local Nusselt number is reduced with it.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Marked Suction Tubes vs. Plain Suction Tubes in Pediatric Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Introduction: Endotracheal suction plays a crucial role in the management of mechanically ventilated patients. This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of suction tubes with markings in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: A randomized assignment was carried out on a cohort of 52 pediatric patients who underwent mechanical ventilation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, covering the period from January 2022 to December 2022. These patients were divided into two groups: an improved group (n = 26) utilizing marked suction tubes, and a regular group (n = 26) employing conventional suction tubes. The objective of our study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of marked suction tubes. Results: The effects of the improved group on the vital signs of children undergoing mechanical ventilation were small and statistically significant compared with the regular group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the improved group exhibited a reduced frequency of sputum suction, shorter mechanical ventilation duration, and fewer days of hospitalization in the PICU compared to the regular group during the ventilation period. Notably, the difference in the duration of PICU hospitalization was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, the incidence of adverse reactions in the improved group was notably lower, with statistically significant differences observed in airway mucous membrane damage and irritating cough when compared to the regular group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The utilization of marked suction tubes provides clinical nurses with clear guidance for performing suctioning with ease, efficiency and safety. Consequently, advocating for the widespread implementation of marked suction tubes in clinical practice is a commendable pursuit.

Resistance Factor of Caisson-Tip with Internal Fillet for Suction Caissons Penetrating into Clay

This paper presents failure mechanisms of the soil at the caisson-tip with fillet during suction-assisted penetration of suction caissons in undrained clay.Theoretical solutions of resistance factor N_c of the caisson-tip are obtained in terms of the caisson-tip geometry ratio of the flat section of the caisson-tip to the caisson wall thickness m/t and adhesion factorsα_i along inside of caisson wall andα_b at the base of the caisson-tip.It is indicated that the factor N_c increases with the increase of m/t,α_i and a_b.The resistance factors N_c for the rough base(α_b=1)are larger by 0.57than that for the smooth base(α_b=0).Besides,the factors N_c of caisson-tip with flat base(m=t)are larger by 1.14 than that with full internal fillet(m=0).The required suction to penetrate suction caissons with various fillets is obtained in terms of the force equilibrium in vertical direction.The finite element limit analysis and centrifuge model test results are used to verify the rationality of the presented failure mechanisms and theoretical predictions.

Effects of solar radiation and fine roots on suction of Amorpha fruticose-vegetated soil

The thickness of shallow landslides is generally less than 2 m,which is of the same order of magnitude as the growth range of vegetation roots.Vegetation roots can improve the stability of shallow soil through mechanical and hydraulic effects.Therefore,the landslide process is closely related to the plant roots growing on the slope surface.Plant roots play a dominant role in the regulation of soil suction through solar radiation induced transpiration.However,little is known about the correlation between cumulative solar radiation and soil suction.Moreover,the specific effects of fine roots on the suction distribution are not clear in most previous studies.In this study,a vegetated soil of a drought-tolerant and water-tolerant shrub,namely Amorpha fruticose,was adopted.The suction and volumetric water content of bare and vegetated soils were monitored under natural conditions for 4 months.The results demonstrate that there is a nearly linear relationship between cumulative solar radiation and suction ranging from zero to 100 kPa.Regarding the modeling of the soil-plant-atmosphere interactions,this relationship could serve a significant role in calculating the root water uptake under given solar radiation conditions.In addition,higher suctions were observed at the lower layer of the vegetated soil than those at the middle layer,which is different from the results of vegetated soil from previous investigations.This is due to the fact that the root area index(RAI)of fine roots at the lower layer is twice that of the middle layer.Importantly,the higher concentration of fine roots at the lower layer of vegetated soil sample resembles the root distribution of shrub near the soil-bedrock interface on shallow bedrock landslides.The fine roots would increase soil suction through transpiration,and hence reduce the permeability and increase shear strength of landslides.Eventually,these new findings serve as a preliminary step on the evaluation of the stability of this common type of landslides.

Clinical Observation of Disposal Uterine Cavity Observation and Suction Surgery System on Terminating Pregnancy in Very Early Pregnancy

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of uterine cavity observation and suction surgery system with ultrasound guided induced abortion in very early pregnancy induced abortion surgery. Method: Select 80 patients who requested termination of pregnancy due to early pregnancy from August 2022 to April 2023, and analyze the data. 40 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided induced abortion to terminate pregnancy were included in the control group, and 40 patients who underwent uterine cavity observation surgery to terminate pregnancy were included in the observation group. Compare the surgical time, number of times the straw enters the uterine cavity, incidence of complications, and menstrual recovery time between the two groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the surgical time between the observation group and the control group, but the number of times negative pressure straws entered the uterine cavity and the incidence of surgical complications in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P Conclusion: Applying the uterine cavity observation and suction surgical system to terminate pregnancy in very early pregnancy has the advantages of minimal damage to the uterus and low incidence of surgical complications, greatly protecting the patient’s fertility.

Studies on Suction-Assisted Installation Behavior of Suction Caissons in Clay Under Various Undrained Shear Strengths

Suction caissons are widely used for anchoring floating platform and offshore wind turbines.Penetration of the suction caisson into the desired position under the combination of its self-weight and applied suction resulted from pumping out the encased water is integral to practical engineering.Model tests were carried out to investigate the suctionassisted installation of suction caissons in clay under various undrained shear strengths.It was found that there exists a critical penetration depth value.When the penetration depth is smaller than the critical value,the soil plug undrained shear strength is higher than intact clay(i.e.,clay prior to installation).However,when the penetration depth is greater than the critical penetration depth,the undrained shear strength of soil plug is lower than intact clay.The critical value decreases with the increasing consolidation time and undrained shear strength of clay.During suction-assisted installation,cracks occur around suction caissons.The installation way has little effect on the crack formation.The influence range(i.e.,the maximum distance between the crack and the suction caisson edge)was found to increase with the increasing friction coefficient of interface between the suction caisson wall and soil and decreases with the increasing soil undrained shear strength.In addition,the drained condition of the clay during installation is dominated by the caisson aspect ratio,the undrained shear strength and the friction coefficient between the caisson wall and clay.Equations to estimate the penetration resistance and the required suction to install the suction caisson are summarized.

Microstructure characteristics and thermodynamic properties of A357-SiCp/A357 layered composites prepared by semi-solid vacuum stirring suction casting

A357-SiCp/A357 layered composites were prepared using a semi-solid vacuum stirring suction casting method.The microstructures,mechanical properties,and thermal conductivities of the composites fabricated under different suction casting processes were compared.Additionally,the microstructural evolution characteristics and performance enhancement mechanism of the A357-SiCp/A357 layered composites were discussed.The results demonstrate that suction casting at 610°C with a low solid phase ratio can significantly enhance the material density and reduce the agglomeration of SiCp.The A357-SiC_(p)/A357 interface is clear and straight with good bonding.With an increase in the suction casting temperature,the bending resistance and thermal conductivity of the A357-SiC_(p)/A357 layered composites exhibit a trend of significantly increase at first and then slowly decrease owing to casting defects,interface bonding,and SiCp distribution.Compared with SiCp/A357 composites,the bending strength,deflection,and thermal conductivity of the A357-SiCp/A357 layered composites increase from 257 MPa,1.07 mm,and 155.72 W·(m·K)^(-1) to 298 MPa,2.1 mm,and 169.86 W·(m·K)^(-1),respectively.This study provides a reference for improving the rheological casting of aluminum matrix layered composites.

气吸双行错置式玉米密植精量排种器设计与试验

针对大豆-玉米复合密植播种模式下传统气吸式排种器单行种盘高转速作业导致充种时间短、气流稳定性差,难以实现高速精量密植播种的问题,设计了一种气吸双行错置式玉米密植精量排种器,阐述了排种器结构与工作原理,对其工作过程及关键部件进行理论分析,构建充种和投种环节的种子力学模型,确定排种盘内外环型孔排布、投种轮、气室等关键结构参数,并开展单、双气道内负压分布、型孔内气流场特性分析,基于DEM-CFD耦合方法对排种器的排种过程进行仿真分析,以作业速度、气室结构和负压为试验因素,充种合格指数、重充指数和漏充指数为评价指标,优选出最优气室结构。通过台架试验开展不同气吸式排种器排种性能对比试验。试验结果表明,在作业速度为5~10 km/h的高速密植工况下,气吸双行错置式密植精量排种器排种合格指数均大于88.7%,且作业速度为10 km/h时,相较于常用单圆环气吸式排种器合格指数提高5.5个百分点,漏播指数降低5.6个百分点;田间试验结果表明,在作业速度为5 km/h下,播种合格指数为95.7%,重播指数为1.6%,漏播指数为2.8%。提出的气吸双行错置式玉米密植精量排种器在高速作业时拥有良好的排种性能,能够满足大豆-玉米高速精量密植播种要求。

钻井法凿井气-液-固耦合排渣流场及刀盘吸渣口优化

针对西部地区侏罗系地层煤矿立井钻井法施工中出现的气举反循环洗井排渣与钻进效率低下问题,以陕西可可盖煤矿中央回风立井ϕ4.2 m超前钻井为工程背景,基于CFD-DEM(计算流体力学和离散单元法耦合)研究方法,建立了气-液-固多相耦合排渣数值模型,揭示了排渣管内、井底流场的速度及压力分布规律,并基于自研的气举反循环排渣试验装置,采用PIV(粒子图像测速法)测试技术对流场分布的正确性进行验证;提出了优化刀盘吸渣口评判指标和方法,对吸渣口的数量、长径比、面积比、总面积占比进行优化,得到了超前钻头刀盘吸渣口布置的最佳方式和相关参数;讨论了钻头转速、注气量、风管没入比和泥浆黏度等主要因素对排渣流场的影响。研究结果表明:(1)排渣管内流体的运移以轴向流动为主,且途经注气端时,流速发生跳跃式剧增;井底流体的运移主要以水平流动为主,流体的垂直上返仅存在于吸渣口附近;井底流体的水平流动以切向流动为主,径向流动仅在吸渣口两侧较为明显,且远离吸渣口处,径流速度较小易产生岩屑沉积;(2)当刀盘吸渣口数量为2,长径比为0.4,面积比为1,总面积占比为1.94%时,吸渣口的布置方式最佳,且清渣率较现行吸渣口布置方式提高66%;(3)增大钻头转速可显著增强吸渣口的吸附作用,注气量、风管没入比与井底和排渣管内流体的轴向速度均呈正相关关系,低黏、低密度的泥浆易获取高流速,但携岩能力较差。研究结果可为破解侏罗系地层深大立井钻井法洗井排渣与钻进效率低下技术难题,提供有益的理论参考。

颗粒组成和基质吸力对残积土抗剪强度的影响

花岗岩残积土遇水后基质吸力丧失,强度显著劣化,会引起崩岗、塌陷等地质灾害和工程问题。受风化程度影响,残积土的颗粒组成在垂直方向上存在差异。为研究颗粒组成和基质吸力对非饱和花岗岩残积土力学性质的影响,对5种不同颗粒组成的残积土进行土水特征曲线测试和不同饱和度下的直剪试验。采用粒组质量分形维数D表征残积土颗粒组成,D随土壤细粒含量的增加而增大。试验结果表明:残积土土水特征曲线受颗粒组成影响;VG模型参数与分形维数D存在良好的线性关系;颗粒组成和基质吸力影响土颗粒的接触方式,进而影响残积土的抗剪强度;残积土的表观内摩擦角φ和表观内聚力c随基质吸力ψ的增大先增大,当基质吸力ψ达到约200 kPa后φ逐渐稳定而c有所减小;残积土的抗剪强度参数可以使用含有分形维数D和基质吸力ψ的经验公式进行预测。研究成果可以为花岗岩残积土分布地区工程设计中的力学强度参数选取提供参考。

双吸泵交错叶轮内流诱导噪声

为研究叶轮交错布置对双吸泵内流噪声的影响,根据叶片夹角设计了4组叶轮交错方案.在设计工况下,采用标准k-ε湍流模型对双吸泵内部流动进行了非定常数值模拟,基于数值模拟结果提取偶极子声源,应用直接声学边界元法计算了双吸泵内声场,分析了不同叶轮交错方案对泵能量性能、压力脉动和内流噪声等的影响规律.研究结果表明:叶轮交错布置能够提高双吸泵能量性能,扬程和效率最高分别提升3.0%和5.7%;随着交错角度增大,压力脉动峰峰值逐渐减小,最大降幅达79.6%;当交错角为叶轮夹角的1/2时,蜗壳内流场压力脉动、偶极子声源流动噪声和声压频响曲线的主频均从1倍叶频变为2倍叶频,且主频处幅值明显降低;随着交错角增大,吸水室、叶轮和蜗壳表面高声压区范围逐渐减小,表面声压最大值和声压频响曲线逐渐降低,最大降幅分别为9.9%和18.7%.研究结果可为双吸泵优化设计和减振降噪提供一定的理论参考.

气吸式杂交稻单粒排种器研制

针对气力式水稻精量排种器充种不稳定、单粒播种精度不高和播种量大的问题,该研究设计了一种具有矩形吸种孔和辅助充种装置的气吸式杂交稻单粒排种器。根据“吉田优”型杂交稻的长短轴重力分布情况,确定排种盘吸种孔形状;基于CFD-DEM(Computational fluid dynamics,Discrete element method)流固耦合理论,以吸附力为指标,进行5类具有相同面积的吸种孔单因素仿真试验,确定吸附力最大的吸种孔规格为0.8 mm×2.25 mm;以该型吸种孔为基础,选取辅助充种角、工作转速和工作负压为试验因素,以单粒率S、多粒率M和漏播率L为试验指标,开展Box-Bhnken台架试验,对试验结果进行响应曲面分析和多目标优化,得到排种盘辅助充种角为80.90°、工作转速为42.65 r/min、工作负压为621 Pa时,排种器的单粒率为86.91%,漏播率为3.63%。验证试验结果的排种器单粒率为86.36%、漏播率为3.41%,与优化结果吻合。研究结果可为后续气吸式杂交稻单粒排种器的优化设计和直播机整机作业精度的提高提供指导。

烟台港龙口港区27^(#)~29^(#)通用泊位疏浚工程绞吸船施工工艺优化

烟台港龙口港区27^(#)~29^(#)通用泊位疏浚工程土质主要为起球的黏性土,混有少量粗砂,绞吸船在施工时受黏土起球及黏性等影响,容易出现堵管、绞刀糊堵、输送困难等情况,施工作业关键参数波动幅度较大,作业人员操作控制难度高,平均生产效率低。重点围绕绞吸船的挖掘和输送分析,确定关键施工参数,优化施工工艺,指导作业人员施工。优化后的施工工艺使烟台港龙口港区27^(#)~29^(#)通用泊位疏浚工程绞吸船施工产能提高20%以上,节约了施工成本。

天鲲号绞吸挖泥船挖岩作业配套船舶技术研究

随着全球经济增长和疏浚业的扩大,大型绞吸挖泥船已成为这一领域的关键装备。文章专注于提升超大型绞吸挖泥船“天鲲号”的效能。通过分析该船在挖岩工程中的挑战,引入了“挖-运分离”的高效物流策略。为实现这一目标,建议开发一艘专门与天鲲号配套使用的开体式耙吸挖泥船。文章详细讨论了开体式耙吸挖泥船在主尺度和舱容、快速靠泊、泥舱结构和强度、疏浚系统和船舶布局等方面与天鲲号的匹配问题。提出了一个新颖的开体式耙吸挖泥船方案,能够完全满足配合天鲲号挖岩装驳和运输的需求,实现“挖-运分离”物流策略;能够开展后期扫浅挖泥作业,减少天鲲号的占用期,从而显著提升整体经济效益。

双吸离心泵吸水室隔舌位置对空化性能影响分析

双吸离心泵吸水室隔舌位置的不同,影响了叶轮进口的速度及压力分布,对泵空化性能具有重要影响。以一台单级双吸离心泵为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法研究分析隔舌位置分别位于与水平方向呈45°(原模型),90°,135°及-45°四种吸水室内部流动变化对空化性能的影响。结果表明:采用隔舌位于90°和135°的吸水室,吸水室出口附近低压区明显增大,出口与转速方向相反的圆周分速度范围逐渐增大,在叶轮进口水力损失逐渐增大,临界空化数逐渐上升,泵空化性能降低。采用隔舌位于-45°的吸水室,吸水室出口附近低压区明显减少,出口不再存在与转速方向相反的圆周分速度,在叶轮进口水力损失减小,小流量及额定工况下虽然临界空化数变化不大,但在空化各个阶段叶轮内空泡率及空化区域均有所降低,在大流量工况下临界空化数下降较为明显。综合比较之下隔舌-45°吸水室,具有较好的空化性能。为吸水室的设计提供一定参考。

分段式排风系统异形构件阻力特性分析及优化

铝冷轧过程产生大量油雾,危害工人健康、破坏厂房环境,分段式排风系统虽可高效捕集油雾,但因含阻力特性未知的异形构件,导致系统风量无法精确按需分配。本文针对分段式排风系统中的环吸式排风罩和缝吸式半密闭罩,通过数值模拟方法研究其阻力特性,并进行减阻优化。研究发现,影响环吸式排风罩和缝吸式半密闭罩局部阻力系数的关键因素为进出口面积比,且二者呈指数关系;针对2种构件中涡产生的主要位置,采用结构优化的方式使阻力分别降低了28.6%和22.1%。本文可为铝冷轧排风系统管路设计提供参考。

粘土中吸力锚基础的抗扭承载特性研究

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