Pioneering a New Realm of Human Rights Civilization in the Chinese Path to Modernization——An Overview of the Symposium on“The Chinese Path to Modernization and the Promotion of Free and Comprehensive Human Development”

On October 14,2023,a symposium themed“The Chinese Path to Modernization and the Promotion of Free and Comprehensive Human Development”was held in Changchun,Jilin Province,China.More than fifty experts,scholars,and researchers from national institutions and universities engaged in discussions and exchanges on human rights on the Chinese path to modernization,including the path,practice,knowledge systems,and civilization forms of human rights.This symposium played a significant role in advancing the construction of the disciplinary system,academic system,and discourse system of human rights in China.

Viewing Chinese modernization and Its Requirements for Human Rights Protection from the Perspective of Human Development

Modernization,as a specific stage in the historical development of human society,possesses a multi-layered composite structure,with each layer playing both a promoting and inhibiting role in human development and dignity simultaneously.Chinese modernization is a strategic choice made based on lessons learned from various experiences of modernization processes in other countries,reflecting judgments on the benefits and choices on the values of human development and dignity in modernization.It values the promotion of the free and well-rounded development of all individuals as its standard,demanding the full realization of the positive effects of modernization on human development and the overcoming of its negative effects.Human rights,aiming to promote the free and well-rounded development of every person as the ultimate value goal,are not only an intrinsic structural element of the modernization stage but also a social normative tool that restrains the direction of modernization development,aligning closely with the values pursued by Chinese modernization.Chinese modernization poses dual requirements for human rights protection:on the one hand,it demands the affirmation and promotion of the positive effects of modernization on human development and dignity through human rights standards,and on the other hand,it requires the prevention and mitigation of the negative effects of modernization on human development and dignity through human rights standards.There exists a certain tension between these two dimensions,necessitating an appropriate balance and thereby presenting corresponding requirements for China’s approach to human rights protection.

Research on Training Needs,Training Transfer,and Training Effectiveness of In-Service Teachers in Local Normal Colleges

This study aims to understand the in-service training needs,training transfer,and training effectiveness of teachers in local normal universities in China,while also proposing a continuous professional development plan for teachers.Descriptive research methods were employed,with questionnaires serving as the primary data collection tool.The survey revealed that the educational background of teachers in local normal universities is characterized by an unreasonable distribution of academic qualifications,with a shortage of teachers holding postgraduate and higher degrees.Additionally,the training effectiveness for female teachers was found to be lower than that of male teachers.There is a lack of personalization in training needs,which tends to be more generalized.The transfer effect of training is moderate,and there is a need for further enhancement at the behavioral level of training effectiveness.A continuous professional development plan for teachers has been formulated to improve training effectiveness and promote professional development.

Correlation between the Human Development Index and the Incidence and Mortality of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Objective This study was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status and the incidence and mortality of non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL).Methods We compared the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),and the ASMR to ASIR ratio(MIR)at national and regional levels and studied the correlation between the MIR and the human development index(HDI)in 2012 and 2018.Results The highest ASIR was in North America in 2012 and in Australia in 2018,and the lowest ASIR was in Central and South Asia in both 2012 and 2018.The highest ASMR was in North Africa in both 2012 and 2018,and the lowest ASMR was in Eastern Asia and South-Central Asia in 2012 and in South-Central Asia in 2018.The lowest MIR was in Australia in both 2012 and 2018,and the highest MIR was in Western Africa in both 2012 and 2018.HDI was strongly negatively correlated with MIR(r:−0.8810,P<0.0001,2012;r:−0.8895,P<0.0001,2018).Compared to the 2012 data,the MIR in the intermediate HDI countries significantly deceased and the HDI in low and high HDI countries significantly increased in 2018.Conclusion The MIR is negatively correlated with HDI.Increasing the HDI in low and intermediate HDI countries may reduce the MIR and increase the survival of patients with NHL.

Energy storage and conversion:Driving human development

Energy scarcity and environmental pollution are worldwide issues which plague human development.According to projections for economic development and population growth,global energy demand is anticipated to double by 2050 and triple by2100.Better energy storage and conversion are glorious but arduous missions in the 21st century.Although the fossil

A Study of Hierarchy of Human Needs and English Classroom Management in Middle School

With more attentions on the humanism, students' needs becomes an indispensable part of teachers' teaching work. In this paper, according to the facts, the author will propose some suggestions combining Maslow's hierarchy of needs to improve teachers' English classroom management aim to enhance teaching efficiency.

Impact of national Human Development Index on liver cancer outcomes: Transition from 2008 to 2018

BACKGROUND Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide.Socioeconomic development,indicated by the Human Development Index(HDI),is closely interconnected with public health.But the manner in which social development and medical advances influenced liver cancer patients in the past decade is still unknown.AIM To investigate the influence of HDI on clinical outcomes for patients with existing liver cancer from 2008 to 2018.METHODS The HDI values were obtained from the United Nations Development Programme,the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database to calculate the mortality-toincidence ratio,and the estimated 5-year net survival of patients with liver cancer was provided by the CONCORD-3 program.We then explored the association of mortality-to-incidence ratio and survival with HDI,with a focus on geographic variability across countries as well as temporal heterogeneity over the past decade.RESULTS From 2008 to 2018,the epidemiology of liver cancer had changed across countries.Liver cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios were negatively correlated and showed good fit with a modified“dose-to-inhibition response”pattern with HDI(r=-0.548,P<0.0001 for 2018;r=-0.617,P<0.0001 for 2008).Cancer survival was positively associated with HDI(r=0.408,P<0.01)and negatively associated with mortality-to-incidence ratio(r=-0.346,P<0.05),solidly confirming the interrelation among liver cancer outcome indicators and socioeconomic factors.Notably,in the past decade,the HDI values in most countries have increased alongside a decreasing tendency of liver cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios(P<0.0001),and survival outcomes have simultaneously improved(P<0.001),with significant disparities across countries.CONCLUSION Socioeconomic factors have a significant influence on cancer outcomes.HDI values have increased along with improved cancer outcomes,with significant disparities among countries.

Understanding Human Development Potentials and Demands for Greenhouse Gas Emissions:with Empirical Analysis using time series and cross-sectional data

Based on an investigation of the meaning of development, the neo-classical economic approach to development, and the post-welfarist theory of development, this paper proposes a conceptual framework for understanding human development potentials, while undertaking empirical analysis using cross-sectional and time series data on human development. Human development is associated with basic necessities for subsistence, the quality of life, and political and civil rights, in addition to income indicators. Our analysis suggests that the concept of human development potentials has two dimensions: the rights of development and limits to human development. Both are largely ignored in the neoclassical theory of development. However, human development is not unbounded, which approaches to a relatively fixed constant at given economic, technological and institutional conditions. This conceptual understanding is supported by results from the empirical examination of the relationships between demands for carbon

Contribution of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Human Development of Young Researchers at Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire

The response to the COVID-19 pandemic has compelled Institut Pasteur de Cote d’Ivoire (IPCI) to set up strategies for an outstanding mobilisation of human resources to fight against it. Among these strategies, we can quote the screening of people requesting COVID-19 tests at IPCI for emergency travel after the lifting of flight restrictions. Newly recruited Young researchers at IPCI, as well as Ph.D. students and trainees, were mobilised. This document describes firstly, the benefits, knowledge acquired, and difficulties encountered, and secondly, recommendations to be followed for a future large-scale epidemic. This study helped to outline some achievements, such as upgrading the talents of young researchers, strong collaboration between young researchers from different fields, and between IPCI and other institutions. The lessons learned are numerous, including mood and stress management. The difficulties encountered during this study are mainly misunderstandings, increased workload, and insufficient awareness of COVID-19 travel test procedures. These results are relevant for a possible pandemic management in our country, as well as in other African countries.

Globalization: The Inevitable Route for Human Development

GLOBALIZATION is one of the most noticeable ongoing international phenomena with the longest duration in recent decades. It is recognized to be the most striking feature marking the current era, exerting significant influence on international relations. On the one hand, the international community has demonstrated a state of “phenomenal flourishing trade, great investment facilitation, personnel mobility, and enormous technological leaps,” which as a result has progressively forged a community of a shared future interlinking individuals. On the other hand, with the increasing degree of interdependence, the threats and challenges facing all countries worldwide are becoming more common. In particular, issues such as climate change, financial crises, large-scale outbreak of infectious diseases, and cyberattacks, have become globalized, and need to be addressed through global governance. Regardless of the positive and negative effects, globalization, as the trend of our times, has become the overriding rule and inevitable route for the international community.

A Miracle of Human Development in China(1950-2030)

China has created an even more spectacular miracle in human development than in economic growth.From 1950 to 2015,China went through three stages of socio-economic development; the "extremely poor era",the "era of letting some people get rich first" and the "era of common prosperity",raising its human development to an increasingly higher level.With the world's fastestgrowing Human Development Index(HDI) during this period,China evolved from a very "low human development level" to a "high human development level".And it is expected to enter a new stage with a "very high human development level" around 2021.This human development miracle in China indicates that socialism with Chinese characteristics gains strength from being a major country and a late mover,as well as from its development path and socialist system.China,arguably contributing the most to the entirety of human development,can serve as a role model for developing countries and can lead the path for the all-round development of billions of people.

The Analysis of Human Development Index (HDI) for Categorizing the Member States of the United Nations (UN)

To categorize the nations to reflect the development status, to date, there are many conceptual frameworks. The Human Development index (HDI) that is published by the United Nations Development Programme is widely accepted and practiced by many people such as academicians, politicians, and donor organizations. However, though the development of HDI has gone through many revisions since its formulation in 1990, even the current version of the index formulation published in 2016 needs research to better understand and to gap-fill the knowledge base that can enhance the index formulation to facilitate the direction of attention such as release of funds. Therefore, in this paper, based on principal component analysis and K-means clustering algorithm, the data that reflect the measures of life expectancy index (LEI), education index (EI), and income index (II) are analyzed to categorize and to rank the member states of the UN using R statistical software package, an open source extensible programming language for statistical computing and graphics. The outcome of the study shows that the proportion of total eigen value (i.e., proportion of total variance) explained by PCA-1 (i.e., first principal component) accounts for more than 85% of the total variation. Moreover, the proportion of total eigen value explained by PCA-1 increases with time (i.e., yearly) though the amount of increase with time is not significant. However, the proportions of total eigen value explained by PCA-2 and PCA-3 decrease with time. Therefore, the loss of information in choosing PCA-1 to represent the chosen explanatory variables (i.e., LEI, EI, and II) may diminish with time if the trend of increasing pattern of proportion of total eigen value explained by PCA-1 with time continues in the future as well. On the other hand, the correlation between EI and PCA-1 increases with time although the magnitude of increase is not that significant. This same trend is observed in II as well. However, in contrast to these observations, the correlation between PCA-1 and LEI decreases with time. These findings imply that the contributions of EI and II to PCA-1 increase with time, but the contribution of LEI to PCA-1 decreases with time. On top of these, as per Hopkins statistic, the clusterability of the information conveyed by PCA-1 alone is far better than the clusterability of the information conveyed by PCA scores (i.e., PCA-1, PCA-2, and PCA-3) and the explanatory variables. Therefore, choosing PCA-1 to represent the chosen explanatory variables is becoming more concrete.

National Breast Cancer Mortality and Incidence Rates According to the Human Development Index: An Ecological Study

Background: This study aimed to identify the role of human development index (HDI) in the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer (BC) worldwide. Methods: Data on the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of BC for 184 countries were obtained from the GLOBOCAN. Data about the HDI and other indices were obtained from the World Bank Report 2013. Linear regression model was used for assessment the effect of HDI on BC occurrence rates. Results: In 2012, BCs were estimated to have affected a total of 1,671,149 individuals (crude rate: 47.8 per 100,000 individuals), and caused 521,907 deaths worldwide (crude rate: 14.7 per 100,000 individuals). Nearly half of total female BC cases (46.3%) with the highest risk of incidence (age-standardized Rate (ASR): 128 per 100,000) had occurred in very high HDI regions. The most proportion of the mortality burden was in low HDI and medium HDI areas. Linear regression analyses showed a direct significant correlation between the incidence of BC and HDI at the global level (B = 104.5, P < 0.001). The mortality rate of BC was not significantly associated with HDI (B = 3.26, P = 0.160). Conclusion: Our study showed that the burden of female BC is enormous in very high HDI and low HID regions. Targeted interventions have the ability to reduce this number significantly through resource-dependent interventions. Moreover, further reductions in mortality could be brought about by increasing access to curative treatment for patients with BC.

Religious Education in Authentic Human Development: A Theological-Ethical Consideration

From a theological ethical moral view,it seems obvious that adequate religious moral education is a sine qua non for authentic human development necessary for a solid nation-building.Although,state and religion are separated from each other,this should not imply a total dichotomy of religious influence on socio-political matters.A pure secularised world that has nothing to do with God,a society devoid of any form of religious affiliation,a society purely human having neither to do with God nor the spirits,such a society seems inconceivable and unrealistic and may not even be human.Experience shows that to be human demands some form of acknowledgment of a superior being,whose influence may inform one’s basic choices.The nature of the human person shows that there is nothing of the material that does not take its bearing from the religious-spiritual disposition of the person.Experience also confirms that a good moral life or virtuous life draws faith.St James the apostle implies this,when he says faith without good works or good moral life is dead(James 2:18).This can also be applicable to Abraham who is judged righteous because of his faith in God,i.e.,because he obeyed God’s command.Without faith,it is impossible to do God’s will,i.e.live a good moral life(Hebr 11:6).On the other hand,there are many forms of development,for instance:economic development,agricultural development,scientific,rural or urban development,which narrow into the human development that seems to determine their level.However,to have a solid sustainable development demands an adequate religious-moral education of the people,which functions both in the informal and formal forms of education.In as much as religious moral education gives solid grounding for adequate formation of the human person,the end result,and the development of the human person should at the same time reflect the national development.Development thus understood is holistic embracing the good of the individual as well as the nation.This article argues that authentic human development that may produce a national development worthy of the name draws from adequate religious moral education imparted on the citizens.It shows also that a worthy national development is a fore test of the development of the citizens of that nation,which in turn indicates their commitment to the common good.It is through the application of the common good that individuals reach their desired goals and so be able to contribute to the enrichment of the nation.This article suggests that good moral life is the manifestation of virtue learnt and practiced,which leads to adequate human development that eventually brings about solid national development.This type of development can be compared to what Pope Benedict XVI calls true social development,which respects the dignity of the all human beings.

BMPRⅡ^(+)neural precursor cells isolated and characterized from organotypic neurospheres:an in vitro model of human fetal spinal cord development

Roof plate secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)directs the cellular fate of sensory neurons during spinal cord development,including the formation of the ascending sensory columns,though their biology is not well understood.Type-ⅡBMP receptor(BMPRⅡ),the cognate receptor,is expressed by neural precursor cells during embryogenesis;however,an in vitro method of enriching BMPRⅡ^(+)human neural precursor cells(hNPCs)from the fetal spinal cord is absent.Immunofluorescence was undertaken on intact second-trimester human fetal spinal cord using antibodies to BMPRⅡand leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF).Regions of highest BMPRⅡ^(+)immunofluorescence localized to sensory columns.Parenchymal and meningeal-associated BMPRⅡ^(+)vascular cells were identified in both intact fetal spinal cord and cortex by co-positivity with vascular lineage markers,CD34/CD39.LIF immunostaining identified a population of somas concentrated in dorsal and ventral horn interneurons,mirroring the expression of LIF receptor/CD118.A combination of LIF supplementation and high-density culture maintained culture growth beyond 10 passages,while synergistically increasing the proportion of neurospheres with a stratified,cytoarchitecture.These neurospheres were characterized by BMPRⅡ^(+)/MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(–)/vimentin^(–)/GFAP^(–)/NeuN^(–)surface hNPCs surrounding a heterogeneous core ofβⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(+)/vimentin^(+)/GFAP^(+)/MAP2ab^(–)/NeuN^(–)multipotent precursors.Dissociated cultures from tripotential neurospheres contained neuronal(βⅢ-tubulin^(+)),astrocytic(GFAP+),and oligodendrocytic(O4+)lineage cells.Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs were MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/GFAP^(–)/O4^(–)in culture.This is the first isolation of BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs identified and characterized in human fetal spinal cords.Our data show that LIF combines synergistically with high-density reaggregate cultures to support the organotypic reorganization of neurospheres,characterized by surface BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs.Our study has provided a new methodology for an in vitro model capable of amplifying human fetal spinal cord cell numbers for>10 passages.Investigations of the role BMPRⅡplays in spinal cord development have primarily relied upon mouse and rat models,with interpolations to human development being derived through inference.Because of significant species differences between murine biology and human,including anatomical dissimilarities in central nervous system(CNS)structure,the findings made in murine models cannot be presumed to apply to human spinal cord development.For these reasons,our human in vitro model offers a novel tool to better understand neurodevelopmental pathways,including BMP signaling,as well as spinal cord injury research and testing drug therapies.

Uncovering the coupling effect with energy-related carbon emissions and human development variety in Chinese provinces

Lessening energy-related carbon emissions has become a crucial measure to achieve Chinese carbon neutrality.This study is the first to construct a Difference in Carbon pressures-adjusted Human Development Index(DCHDI)model for the purpose of exploring the coupling effect between carbon emissions and human development variety from 2000 to 2019 in Chinese provinces.We demonstrate the following.(1)The total energy-related carbon footprint of 30 provinces in China reached 10.2 billion tons in 2019,with an average annual growth rate of 6.93% over the past two decades;and the provinces with the highest carbon emissions per capita are InnerMongolia,Ningxia,and Shanxi.(2)At the provincial level,we observed that the Human Development Index(HDI),which includes life expectancy,education,and income,has been rising,while Beijing,Shanghai,and Tianjin entered the super-high HDI level before 2008.(3)The entire coupling effect of 30 Chinese provinces has been broadly fortified in the last 20 years,but the growth rate of DCHDI values in 2011-2019 has slowed down compared with that in 2000-2010;the clustering phenomenon demonstrated that this discovery is associated with historical peaks in total carbon emissions.(4)The co-ordination degree of carbon emissions per capita and HDI was verified,and 96% of the data points were found in the range of super high coupling coordination degree.Overall,this study provides the government with worthwhile guidance for decision-making and carbon reduction strategies for other countries struggling to advance human sustainable development.

Ophthalmic community perception of new medication needs

AIM：To survey ophthalmologists（who have participated previously in clinical research） and ophthalmic industry professionals（who have been involved in ocular research and development） to indicate perceived needs for new pharmaceuticals in various ophthalmic subspecialties.METHODS：A prospective,industry-based survey was sent to ophthalmologists and ophthalmic industry professionals about the perceived needs for new pharmaceutical products.RESULTS：This survey was sent to 559 ophthalmic pharma professionals and ophthalmologists.We received 82（15%） responses.The results showed that the most commonly perceived need for new pharmaceuticals were dry and wet age-related macular degeneration,glaucoma,diabetic macular edema and dry eye.There was a statistical difference found between response groups（P〈0.0001）.Respondents indicated they would express their commitment to a new product they perceived as needed by recommending to colleagues（63%）,prescribing（60%）,participating as principle investigator in a related clinical trial（52%）,advising the company（52%）,lecturing on behalf of the product（43%）,investing in the product（38%）,taking no action（7%） or obtain a position in the company（1%）.CONCLUSION：Ophthalmic pharma professionals and ophthalmologists perceive the greatest need for new medicines in ophthalmology to be in dry and wet agerelated macular degeneration,glaucoma,diabetic macular edema and dry eye.

The Matrix of Needs: Reframing Maslow’s Hierarchy

In his original article on human motivation, Abraham Maslow said “The present theory then must be considered to be a suggested program or framework for future research and must stand or fall, not so much on facts available or evidence presented, as upon researches yet to be done, researches suggested perhaps, by the questions raised in this paper” ([1], p370). This article endeavours to build on Maslow’s work, incorporating research in the neurobiological impact of childhood trauma which shows that safety is the most fundamental need for all human beings. Indigenous approaches to understanding human needs beyond the ending points of any one individual life and valuing cultural perpetuity are also integrated into this model. The methodology to synthesize this paper is the result of a transdisciplinary approach which values collaboration between disciplines that focus on the biological, social, and psychological factors that interact with each other in the dynamic dance of life. Communication is added as a core need of human beings, with Interdependent Actualization being seen as the capstone of human development. Incorporating the biological framework of the extra-cellular matrix with a visual model that shows the relationships between the parts of a whole, the Matrix of Needs restores the dynamic and interrelated nature of human needs in the same hope Maslow had, that this paper will generate ideas, launch discussions and build a framework for future researchers to better understand what it means to be human, and how to remove the barriers which impede our growth as individuals and as members of the human family.