The Impact of New Standard of Financial Instruments on Commercial Banks- A Case Study of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

In July 2014,《International Financial Reporting Standard 9:Financial Instruments》(Referred to IFRS 9)was formally published. Compared to the former standard,《International Accounting Standard 39: Financial Instruments》(Referred to IAS 39), rules of two main aspects, the classification and measurement of financial assets and the impairment model of financial assets have been changed in IFRS 9. Taking ICBC as an example, this paper studies the impact of changes in financial instruments on commercial banks. The study shows three impacts on commercial banks’ financial report. Firstly, the changes of the classification and measurement of financial assets will have limited impacts on commercial banks. Secondly, the expected-loss model will significantly increase the loan loss reserves under the new standard, thus reducing the net asset and net profit. Thirdly, the change in the measurement way of the equity instruments of available-for-sale securities will increase the fluctuation of the net profit. This study shows investors and regulators the impact of the new standard of financial instruments on commercial banks.

China's Medical Equipment and Instruments Industry

Great changes have taken place in China’s medical equipment and instruments industry since the launch of the reform. The industry has evolved a new structure consisting of various economic sectors.

Between Tao and Instruments:Railways,China,and the World From the Perspective of Modern Thought(1875-1936)

In the evolution of modern railway thought,it includes not only the discussion of railway planning,sovereignty,debt,and construction,but also the discussion of spiritual guiding ideology such as“Tao,body and utility”and“material and spirit”.From the perspective of the relationship between road and equipment,the development of modern railway thought in China has experienced three stages.During the Westernization Movement,Li Hongzhang and other people expounded the benefits brought by railway construction from the angle of“utility”,and believed that there was still a unity of“Tao and style”.After the Sino-Japanese Naval Battle,with the emergence of the theory of railway sovereignty and the theory of dividing China,Kang Youwei and others questioned the thought of Westernization school.The unified Tao body was divided into two parts:China and the West.After the May Fourth Movement,railway,as a product of western material civilization,was compared with Eastern spiritual civilization by Liang Shuming,Li Dazhao,and others.The conflict between material and spirit made the Western“Tao style”evolve into the Europe-American way of pursuing“scientific spirit”and the Soviet-Russian way of exploring the ideas of revolution and transformation.The railway has thus become an important carrier of the“scientific spirit”and socialism.

National Verification Regulations and Calibration Specifications of Measuring Instruments of P.R.China in 2010(2010 No.131)

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China has approved the following 8 national measuring verification regulations in 2010 and publicize now.

National Verification Regulations and Calibration Specifications of Measuring Instruments of P.R.China in 2008 2008 NO.35

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China has approved the following 11 national measuring verification regulations in 2008 and publicize now.

National Verification Regulations and Calibration Specifications of Measuring Instruments of P.R.China in 2008

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China hasapproved the following 24 national measuring verification regulations in 2008 and publicize now.

National Verification Regulations and Calibration Specifications of Measuring Instruments of P.R.China in 2008 2008 No.22

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China has approved the following 10 national measuring verification regulations in 2008 and publicize now.

A Better Instrument for Screening Diabetes in Rural Areas of China: An Equation Developed from Multivariate Logistic Regression or a Simplified Scoring Form

Diabetes has become a major public health concern in the world and the total number of diabetic patients is considered to soar to 366 million in 2030. Emerging evidence has suggested that earlier detection of type 2 diabetes, glycaemic control improvement and intensified risk factor management may result in clinically important improvements in diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. According to the World Health Organization （WHO）p strategies such as clinical questionnaires, urine glucose, blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin A1C （HbA1C） and combinations of the above tests can be used for screening diabetes.

Multilateral Investment Agreement Negotiations and China's Policies

Of late,Chins’s joining in the WTO has again claimed the focus of attention at home and abroad.What is most talked about at home is

8th International Symposium on Test Automation & Instrumentation(ISTAI 2020) 18th-20th August 2020,Xining China

The"8th International Symposium on Test Automation and Instrumentation (ISTAI 2020)",co-sponsored by China Instrumentation&Control Society (CIS) and Beijing Information Science and Technology University,it will be held in Xining,China on August 18th-20th,2020.The symposium aims to build a platform for experts,scholars.

Integration of Multiple Spectral Data via a Logistic Regression Algorithm for Detection of Crop Residue Burned Areas:A Case Study of Songnen Plain,Northeast China

The burning of crop residues in fields is a significant global biomass burning activity which is a key element of the terrestrial carbon cycle,and an important source of atmospheric trace gasses and aerosols.Accurate estimation of cropland burned area is both crucial and challenging,especially for the small and fragmented burned scars in China.Here we developed an automated burned area mapping algorithm that was implemented using Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Instrument(MSI)data and its effectiveness was tested taking Songnen Plain,Northeast China as a case using satellite image of 2020.We employed a logistic regression method for integrating multiple spectral data into a synthetic indicator,and compared the results with manually interpreted burned area reference maps and the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)MCD64A1 burned area product.The overall accuracy of the single variable logistic regression was 77.38%to 86.90%and 73.47%to 97.14%for the 52TCQ and 51TYM cases,respectively.In comparison,the accuracy of the burned area map was improved to 87.14%and 98.33%for the 52TCQ and 51TYM cases,respectively by multiple variable logistic regression of Sentind-2 images.The balance of omission error and commission error was also improved.The integration of multiple spectral data combined with a logistic regression method proves to be effective for burned area detection,offering a highly automated process with an automatic threshold determination mechanism.This method exhibits excellent extensibility and flexibility taking the image tile as the operating unit.It is suitable for burned area detection at a regional scale and can also be implemented with other satellite data.

Different Cultural Values between China and America:Collectivism and Individualism in Business Negotiation

Along with the advancement of globalization and China's further integration into the global market, business negotiations between Chinese and American enterprises have been increasing rapidly. In order to successfully communicate with each other and promote the progress of business negotiation, this paper analyzes differences between America's individualism and China's collectivism in Business Negotiation, and uses the case of Lenovo's acquisition of IBM's PC unit as an example. The last part provides Chinese negotiators with some recommendations to achieve successful negotiations.

Discussion on the Construction of Negotiation Mechanism of Cross-bounder Water Pollution Treatment in Changjiang River

In order to construct cooperation platform for the treatment of water pollution in Changjiang River,thoughts and revolution were performed from both central government and regional area two aspects.From the national level,Changjiang region water resources management cooperation counsel committee was constructed as the national cooperation platform;from the regional level,Changjiang region water resources management cooperation counsel committee was constructed as the platform of Changjiang cooperation platform.The two platforms built fine interaction mechanism to deal with the national water management and Changjiang regional water management.

Recent Progress in Studies of Climate Change in China

An overview of basic research on climate change in recent years in China is presented. In the past 100 years in China, average annual mean surface air temperature （SAT） has increased at a rate ranging from 0.03℃ （10 yr）-1 to 0.12℃ （10 yr）-1. This warming is more evident in northern China and is more significant in winter and spring. In the past 50 years in China, at least 27% of the average annual warming has been caused by urbanization. Overall, no significant trends have been detected in annual and/or summer precipitation in China on a whole for the past 100 years or 50 years. Both increases and decreases in frequencies of major extreme climate events have been observed for the past 50 years. The frequencies of extreme temperature events have generally displayed a consistent pattern of change across the country, while the frequencies of extreme precipitation events have shown only regionally and seasonally significant trends. The frequency of tropical cyclone landfall decreased slightly, but the frequency of sand/dust storms decreased significantly. Proxy records indicate that the annual mean SAT in the past a few decades is the highest in the past 400-500 years in China, but it may not have exceeded the highest level of the Medieval Warm Period （1000 1300 AD）. Proxy records also indicate that droughts and floods in eastern China have been characterized by continuously abnormal rainfall periods, with the frequencies of extreme droughts and floods in the 20th century most likely being near the average levels of the past 2000 years. The attribution studies suggest that increasing greenhouse gas （GHG） concentrations in the atmosphere are likely to be a main factor for the observed surface warming nationwide. The Yangtze River and Huaihe River basins underwent a cooling trend in summer over the past 50 years, which might have been caused by increased aerosol concentrations and cloud cover. However, natural climate variability might have been a main driver for the mean and extreme precipitation variations observed over the past century. Climate models generally perform well in simulating the variations of annual mean SAT in China. They have also been used to project future changes in SAT under varied GHG emission scenarios. Large uncertainties have remained in these model-based projections, however, especially for the projected trends of regional precipitation and extreme climate events.

Consideration of some key issues of carbon market development in China

The global carbon market has developed rapidly with two significant trends of globalization and financialization.Deriving economic interest is a nation driven-force behind the international climate negotiation and carbon market.According to deeply analyzed relationships between the carbon market and the key subjects of the climate negotiation,this article reveals that promoting the development of the global carbon market is one of the core interests of developed nations.Based on the background of international carbon market development and domestic carbon market pilots,four suggestions to the key issues of China's carbon market are provided.The first is that the goal of China's carbon market should be in line with and contribute to the national objectives and policies addressing climate change.The second is that the Chinese carbon market should mainly target the emission reduction of production-sectors,and contribute to their upgradation and transformation.The third is mat the development of the nation-wide carbon market in China should first take the principle of unbalanced regional development into consideration.The fourth is that linking China's carbon market to the international market should keep steps in line with international opening-up of China's financing system.

The evolution of central environmental protection inspection policy attention in China: An investigation based on inspection reports

The central environmental protection inspection (CEPI) system in China is a significant institutional innova‐tion in national environmental governance. The CEPI applies a joint supervision strategy to address salient en‐vironmental issues and strictly enforce the environmental responsibilities of local governments. This study col‐lects and organizes CEPI inspection reports covering three stages that encompass the first round, the “look back”, and the second round, applying text analysis to obtain sample data and conduct statistical quantifica‐tion of word frequency in inspection reports and identify notable changes. The study explores the allocation of CEPI attention between policy objectives and the intensity of policy instruments. We determine that in con‐junction with public opinion feedback, the CEPI conducts targeted inspections and focuses more on pollutant governance, which has high severity and can be addressed quickly. The CEPI fills the gap of normalized gover‐nance with a campaign-style governance approach. Regarding the intensity of policy measures, the CEPI pri‐marily uses economic incentive policy instruments, supplemented by command-and-control and public guid‐ance approaches, advancing the sustainability of regulatory effectiveness through economic, social, and politi‐cal activities. This study extends knowledge in the field of CEPI policy priorities and implementation, expand‐ing the literature related to outcomes of environmental policy in developing countries.

Competition gives way to cooperation:rethinking Sino-Indian relations in climate change negotiations

In global climate change politics,China and India have worked closely with each other,representing two big emitters from the developing world.This article reviews Sino-Indian cooperation during four UN climate change negotiations from 2009 to 2012.Their collaboration echoed the perception of neorealism in international relations(IR) studies that states will seek "external balancing" for maximizing national "relative gains".China and India are expected to continue their cooperation on climate change issues when sharing the same structural position as big economies and big emitters,the same pressure in carbon emission reductions,and the same goal of improving living standards for their citizens.Encountering the devastating impacts of climate change and the deadlock in responsibility division in current global climate change governance,this work seeks to shed light on the evolving multilateral governance environment and its complex implications for Sino-Indian relations from an IR perspective.

Influence of China's Grain Industrial Market Structure over Grain Pricing Power

From the point of view of industrial market structure,we analyze the influence of market structure on grain production,circulation,and processing,and on the grain pricing power of entities along China's grain industrial chain.Through analysis,it is indicated that different features of market structure play a significant role in pricing power of such microeconomic entities as farmers and grain enterprises in grain production and transaction.And the market structure determines welfare distribution model of consumers' surplus and producers' surplus at the market.