CIIS President Meets with UN General Assembly Co-Chairs of Intergovernmental Negotiations on Security Council Reform

On February 28,CIIS President Chen Bo,along with scholars in relevant fields,met with Co-chairs of the Intergovernmental Negotiations on the United Nations Security Council Reform of the 78th session of the UN General Assembly,Permanent Representative of Kuwait to the UN Tareq M.A.M.Albanai and Permanent Representative of Austria to the UN Alexander Marschik.

New E-Commerce Model Based on Multi-Agent Automated Negotiation

A new multi-agent automated negotiation model is developed and evaluated, in which two competitive agents, such as the buyer and seller, have firm deadlines and incomplete information about each other. The negotiation is multi-dimensional in different cases. The model is discussed in 6 kinds of cases with different price strategies, warrantee strategies and time strategies. The model improves the model of Wooldridge and that of Sycara to a certain extent. In all possible situations, the optimal negotiation strategy is analyzed and presented, and an e-commerce model based on multi-agent automated negotiation model is also illustrated for the e-commerce application in the future.

History-based trust negotiation model

Trust negotiation （TN） is an approach to establish trust between strangers through iterative disclosure of digital credentials. Speeding up subsequent negotiations between the same negotiators is a problem worth of research. This paper introduces the concept of visiting card, and presents a history-based trust negotiation （HBTN） model. HBTN creates an account for a counterpart at the first negotiation and records valid credentials that the counterpart disclosed during each trust negotiation in his historical information base （HIB）. For the following negotiation, no more credentials need to be disclosed for both parties. HBTN speeds up subsequent negotiations between the entities that interact with each other frequently without impairing the privacy preservation.

Cultural Barriers to International Business Negotiations

Studies in international business negotiation acquire unprecedented significance,as globalization closely connects various business fields into a dynamic whole.Cultural factors play a vital role in international business negotiation.This paper begins with a brief introduction to business negotiation,international business negotiation and significance of cultural barriers to international business negotiation.It then explores two fundamental cultural differences of China and western countries:value differences and thinking-pattern differences,which pose cultural barriers.The author then puts forward three strategies to help remove the cultural barriers and achieve successful negotiations.

Proxemic Communication and Negotiation

Communication is not just verbal. This paper concentrates on the three areas of nonverbal communication that will most likely affect contract negotiations, that is proxemic communication, using available space, distance form or proximity to other people, and territorial control. Based on this, the paper tends to provide certain strategies to promote the negotiation.

The Application of Non-verbal Communication Strategies in International Business Negotiations

As the economic globalization deepens, trades among nations are steadily increasing. Therefore, the international business negotiations become more and more significant. In the process of negotiations, the application of appropriate strategies is necessary for negotiators to reach an agreement smoothly. However, the non-verbal communication plays an important role to some extent in real international business negotiations. This article tends to explore the application of non-verbal strategies in the international business negotiations.

QoS Negotiation and Renegotiation Based on Mobile Agents

The Quality of Service （QoS） has received more and more attention since QoS becomes increasingly important in the Internet development. Mobile software agents represent a valid alternative to the implementation of strategies for the negotiation. In this paper, a QoS negotiation and renegotiation system architecture based on mobile agents is proposed. The agents perform the task in the whole process. Therefore, such a system can reduce the network load, overcome latency, and avoid frequent exchange information between clients and server. The simulation results show that the proposed system could improve the network resource utility about 10%.

A Study on How to Overcome Cultural Barriers in the Sino-US Business English Negotiations

With the growing popularity of intercultural communication, business English Negotiation between China and the United States has also increased. Negotiators will meet many communication barriers of language and culture during the process.If handled improperly, it will affect the outcome of the negotiations and the following cooperation. Thus, a profound understanding of the characteristics of business English negotiations and cultural barriers is indispensible.For different obstacles, summing up the appropriate negotiation strategies can be twice the result with half the effort, which will actively promote business English communication and negotiation.

Cultural Differences in International Business Negotiation

Different countries have different cultures.Currently,the world is developing quickly in the age of economic globalization.Business contacts among nations get increasingly close,which has brought more and more opportunities to deal with businesses.Actually,international business negotiation is the most important part of international business,meanwhile,cultural differences have many influence on international business negotiation,such as languages,manners,time,thinking,value and attitudes and so on.Analyzing their differences is a good way to find out some effective ways to avoid or mitigate the adverse impacts the cross-cultural elements might produce on international business negotiation.

RESEARCH ON NEGOTIATION-BASED PARTNER SELECTION APPROACH

The key problem in the construction of virtual enterprises (VEs) is how toselect appropriate partners. The negotiation-based approach is proposed to support partner selectionin the construction of VEs. The negotiation model is discussed from three main aspectsrespectively, i.e., negotiation protocol, negotiation goal and negotiation decision-making model.And the generic mathematical description of the negotiation model is formally presented. Finally, asimple example is used to validate the approach's availability.

Metropolitan Pollution Reduction by Intelligent Negotiation

This paper discusses the issue of pollution reduction in metropolises by means of intelligent negotiation in multi-agent systems. For situations of complete information, it gives a stochastic hill-climbing search algorithm for computing the pollution-reduction solutions; For situations of incomplete information, it puts forward a genetic algorithm for computing the best solutions for every plants subjectively and proposes market-mechanism-based algorithm for computing the emission-redistribution solutions objectively. Key words intelligent negotiation - game theory - pollution reduction - genetic algorithm CLC number TP 391.1 Foundation item: Supported by the National 863 Project (2002AA134020-04)Biography: HAN Wei (1975-) male, Ph.D. candidate, research direction: MAS and Electronic Commercial.

A METHOD OF TASK ALLOCATION AND AUTOMATED NEGOTIATION FOR MULTI ROBOTS

A method of task allocation and automated negotiation for multi robots was proposed. Firstly, the principles of task allocation were described based on the real capability of robot. Secondly, the model of automated negotiation was constructed, in which Least-Squares Support Vector Regression (LSSVR) was improved to estimate the opponent's negotiation utility and the robust controller of output feedback was employed to optimize the utility performance indicators. Thirdly, the protocol of negotiation and reallocation was proposed to improve the real-time capability and task allocation. Finally, the validity of method was proved through experiments.

Motion Planning of Humanoid Robot for Obstacle Negotiation

The motion planning for obstacle negotiation by humanoid robot BHR-2 through stepping over or stepping on/off the wide and flat obstacle at known locations is presented. In the trajectory generation method, first the constraints of the foot motion parameters which include obstacle dimensions and the distance of obstacle from the humanoid robot is formulated. By varying the values of the constraint parameters, different types of foot motion for different obstacles can be produced. In this method, first the foot trajectory is generated, and then the waist trajectory is computed by using cubic spline interpolation without first calculating the zero moment point （ZMP） trajectory . The dynamic stability during the execution of stepping over and stepping on/off trajectories are ensured by incorporating the ZMP criterion. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by simulations and experiments on humanoid robot BHR-2.

Negotiation System of Ecological Compensation of Water Source Areas

In view of no generally accepted ecological compensation standards and methods at present,this paper discusses the introduction of the negotiation system to the process of ecological compensation for water source areas.That is,the government in water source areas and the downstream regions of river basins should confirm their respective rights and obligations and then establish their compensation standards through negotiations according to the different purposes of water use.The amount of compensation should be determined in the comprehensive consideration of the quality,quantity and compensation price of water.Through open and fair negotiations,an institutional arrangement will be set up,which can make the water source areas and the downstream regions of river basins fully express their true preferences and their independent choices on the ecological environment.

Double Learning Algorithm in Bilateral Multi-Issue Negotiation under Incomplete Information

In order to enhance the efficiency in bilateral multi-issue negotiation under incomplete information, double learning algorithm that includes Q-learning algorithm and Bayesian learning algorithm is presented. The Q-learning algorithm is used to learn the weights of issues, and the Bayesian learning algorithm is used to learn the reservation price of issues. Experiments show that the algorithm can help agents to negotiate more efficiently.

Codec Negotiation Technologies for 3G

The different formats of codec stream carried in the radio access network and the core network make the double speech encoding/decoding necessary, which degrades the speech quality. Accordingly, codec negotiation technologies are necessary for unifying encoding/ decoding in the whole process. Transcoder Free Operation (TrFO), Tandem Free Operation (TFO), and network quality deciding technology are the leading codec negotiation technologies. The TrFO is a mechanism for optimum selection during the establishment of a call. It tries to establish connection between User Equipment (UE) without Transcoder (TC). Its successful fulfillment enables the efficient utilization of bandwidth. The TFO, a standby technology of TrFO, is the negotiation technology of an in-band codec. With it, the user codec stream is free from the compression and decompression by the voice codec, and the quality of voice can accordingly be improved. The network-quantity deciding technology adopts G.711 or G.729 flexibly according to the number of accessed calls. This allows the access of new calls while won’t increase the load of network too much.

An Analysis of Pragmatic Strategy on Sino-US Business Negotiation from the Adaptation Theory

Since China joins in WTO,its economic activities with America become more frequent. With the help of Adaptation Theory,the thesis mainly discusses on the application of adaptation strategy to Sino-US business negotiations from two ways,communicative context and language structure of adaptability. According to communicative context,the thesis states the extra linguistic factors in Sino-US negotiations,such as the mental world,the social world and the physical world of Sino-US negotiators. What's more,The thesis also discuss adaptation to language structure,such as,sound,word and syntactic structure.

Conversational implicature in business negotiation

Conversational implicature is a feature of language in use. This paper is trying to explore the conversational implicature phenomenon in business negotiation. From pragmatics view, it analyses the potential meaning of break off the Negotiation and carry on the negotiation in business negotiation. Through carefully selected examples, it manages to show how to behave politely in business negotiation. It's hoped that this paper can help those who are in such field to achieve successful negotiation.

Cultural Conflict in Business Negotiation between China and America

With the rapid development of Sino-US economic and trade relations,business negotiation is becoming increasingly frequent between the two countries.Due to the differences in cultural background,performance in the negotiations between China and America is very different.This thesis explores the problems of cultural conflict in Sino-US business negotiation,and analyzes the causes leading to cultural conflict.After a thorough analysis,this thesis puts forward some strategies for solving cultural conflict in business negotiation:identifying cultural differences,respecting cultural differences,learning about other's culture,and striving to create a harmonious and win-win situation.

On the Deviation of Cooperative Principle in Business Negotiation

Business negotiation is a delicate art and can be a very trying process of confrontation and concession.Cooperative principle is ac knowledged as a principle of conversation of enhancing the mutual trust and understanding for the purpose of increasing the odd for com munication success.This thesis attempts to highlight the cooperative principle and analyze its inconsistence in business negotiation scenarios.In this paper,whether Cooperative Principle is applicable in business negotiations is the main research question.