<正>Since early 80s of last century,Chinese herbal medicines focused on the isolation and structural identification of active/chemical compounds have being investigated,started the journey from Henan College of ...<正>Since early 80s of last century,Chinese herbal medicines focused on the isolation and structural identification of active/chemical compounds have being investigated,started the journey from Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.After one year(1985~1986) advanced study in Prof.Jingxi Xie's laboratory in the展开更多
Background: To drill down into why per capita health expenditures vary between the US and Japan, this exploratory study compares the price, volume and composition of services provided to inpatients for two procedures ...Background: To drill down into why per capita health expenditures vary between the US and Japan, this exploratory study compares the price, volume and composition of services provided to inpatients for two procedures in an academic hospital in the US, and one in Japan. Methods: Detailed analysis of the amount reimbursed and services delivered was made from claims data for 449 acute myocardial infarction treated with coronary stents placed by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 115 heart valve dysfunction with heart valve replacement (HVR) cases in Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) Baltimore, Maryland, and 34 PCI and 21 HVR cases in Keio University Hospital (KUH), Tokyo. Results: After making appropriate adjustments, the reimbursed amount per discharge at JHH was significantly higher (Wilcoxon ranksum test, p < 0.01) for both medical conditions. This was due to more use of higher priced technology and higher prices for the same technology at JHH compared with KUH. However, medical imaging was performed more frequently at KUH and the reimbursed amounts per unit for the devices were higher at KUH. Analysis of room and board costs showed that the higher staffing level and wages of nurses at JHH was compensated by its shorter average length of stay for PCI, but not for HVR. Conclusion: Detailed analysis of the reimbursed amount and the utilization of services are needed to understand international variations in healthcare spending.展开更多
Since China’s Belt and Road Initiative was introduced,the rapid development of China–ASEAN economic cooperation has aroused suspicion from the United States and Japan,nations that have been cooperating with Southeas...Since China’s Belt and Road Initiative was introduced,the rapid development of China–ASEAN economic cooperation has aroused suspicion from the United States and Japan,nations that have been cooperating with Southeast Asia for a long time.Through comparative analysis,this paper draws a conclusion that the cooperation between China and ASEAN has rapidly grown in trade volume,tourism,infrastructure construction,and other fields,but its advantages in some fields are not yet apparent,and there is no evidence of crowding out the United States and Japan overall.The United States and Japan have been adjusting policies toward ASEAN in a targeted manner,while ASEAN countries do not completely depend on China,establishing a balance in foreign economic cooperation between great powers.Therefore,the economic cooperation between China,the United States,Japan,and ASEAN is experiencing a dynamic adjustment process in long-term competition that is unlikely to lead to exclusive monopoly circumstances.展开更多
This paper, for the goal of revealing the mechanism of compromise and change in coordination, will focus on US-Japan conflict over commercial whaling. The regime like the international whaling regulation, where countr...This paper, for the goal of revealing the mechanism of compromise and change in coordination, will focus on US-Japan conflict over commercial whaling. The regime like the international whaling regulation, where countries agree in general but disagree on coordination methods, is known as the Battle of the Sexes in game theory. It has been believed that in regimes presented as the Battle of the Sexes （BoS） situation, once the countries could somehow coordinate their interests and reach an agreement on the specific method of coordination, neither country would have the incentive to withdraw from that agreement. This case study, however, shows that this belief is not always true. From the analysis of this study, it will be concluded that coordination methods change over time even in regimes where the countries agree in general and disagree on coordination methods. In this case, ＂power,＂ ＂institution＂ and ＂consensus＂ are pointed out as incentives to make the two countries accept a specific coordination method.展开更多
A U.S.-Japan expert workshop on mobile alert and warning was held online 8–10 September 2021.Funded by the Japan Foundation’s Center for Global Partnership(CGP)and responding to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Ris...A U.S.-Japan expert workshop on mobile alert and warning was held online 8–10 September 2021.Funded by the Japan Foundation’s Center for Global Partnership(CGP)and responding to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,the workshop compared U.S.and Japanese mobile alert and warning contexts,systems,policies,and messages to investigate possibilities for international harmonization of mobile device-based early warning.The workshop’s sessions revealed two interrelated issues that repeatedly surfaced among workshop participants:culture and policy.The workshop illuminated several possibilities and problems confronting U.S.,Japanese,and global stakeholders as they develop,deploy,and seek to improve the effectiveness of mobile alert and warning systems and messages.展开更多
During the Second world war, the Franco-British cooperation included the organization of purchasing missions for airnautical material in the States. On 25 november 1939, a Franco-British agreement was set up to organi...During the Second world war, the Franco-British cooperation included the organization of purchasing missions for airnautical material in the States. On 25 november 1939, a Franco-British agreement was set up to organize two purchasing missions in the United States under the control of a ＂Liaison Committee＂ supervised by the Treasury Secretary, Henry Morgenthau. Edouard Daladier, French Chief of Government, sent Ren6 Pleven to establish contacts with General Arnold （AirCorps）. The Franco-British financial contribution facilitated a main spurt in investments which help modernize the American products apparatus. First contacts were established on April 1940, to be delivered in September. While France had not be able to benefit from significant part of these orders, Great Britain would take over some units that were originally allocated to France. These contracts would later facilitate the development of transatlantic cooperation.展开更多
文摘<正>Since early 80s of last century,Chinese herbal medicines focused on the isolation and structural identification of active/chemical compounds have being investigated,started the journey from Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.After one year(1985~1986) advanced study in Prof.Jingxi Xie's laboratory in the
文摘Background: To drill down into why per capita health expenditures vary between the US and Japan, this exploratory study compares the price, volume and composition of services provided to inpatients for two procedures in an academic hospital in the US, and one in Japan. Methods: Detailed analysis of the amount reimbursed and services delivered was made from claims data for 449 acute myocardial infarction treated with coronary stents placed by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 115 heart valve dysfunction with heart valve replacement (HVR) cases in Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) Baltimore, Maryland, and 34 PCI and 21 HVR cases in Keio University Hospital (KUH), Tokyo. Results: After making appropriate adjustments, the reimbursed amount per discharge at JHH was significantly higher (Wilcoxon ranksum test, p < 0.01) for both medical conditions. This was due to more use of higher priced technology and higher prices for the same technology at JHH compared with KUH. However, medical imaging was performed more frequently at KUH and the reimbursed amounts per unit for the devices were higher at KUH. Analysis of room and board costs showed that the higher staffing level and wages of nurses at JHH was compensated by its shorter average length of stay for PCI, but not for HVR. Conclusion: Detailed analysis of the reimbursed amount and the utilization of services are needed to understand international variations in healthcare spending.
基金a phased result of the general project of the National Social Science Foundation of China(Project No.18BGJ068)entitled“Security Environment Research for the Implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative in Southeast Asia.”。
文摘Since China’s Belt and Road Initiative was introduced,the rapid development of China–ASEAN economic cooperation has aroused suspicion from the United States and Japan,nations that have been cooperating with Southeast Asia for a long time.Through comparative analysis,this paper draws a conclusion that the cooperation between China and ASEAN has rapidly grown in trade volume,tourism,infrastructure construction,and other fields,but its advantages in some fields are not yet apparent,and there is no evidence of crowding out the United States and Japan overall.The United States and Japan have been adjusting policies toward ASEAN in a targeted manner,while ASEAN countries do not completely depend on China,establishing a balance in foreign economic cooperation between great powers.Therefore,the economic cooperation between China,the United States,Japan,and ASEAN is experiencing a dynamic adjustment process in long-term competition that is unlikely to lead to exclusive monopoly circumstances.
文摘This paper, for the goal of revealing the mechanism of compromise and change in coordination, will focus on US-Japan conflict over commercial whaling. The regime like the international whaling regulation, where countries agree in general but disagree on coordination methods, is known as the Battle of the Sexes in game theory. It has been believed that in regimes presented as the Battle of the Sexes （BoS） situation, once the countries could somehow coordinate their interests and reach an agreement on the specific method of coordination, neither country would have the incentive to withdraw from that agreement. This case study, however, shows that this belief is not always true. From the analysis of this study, it will be concluded that coordination methods change over time even in regimes where the countries agree in general and disagree on coordination methods. In this case, ＂power,＂ ＂institution＂ and ＂consensus＂ are pointed out as incentives to make the two countries accept a specific coordination method.
文摘A U.S.-Japan expert workshop on mobile alert and warning was held online 8–10 September 2021.Funded by the Japan Foundation’s Center for Global Partnership(CGP)and responding to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,the workshop compared U.S.and Japanese mobile alert and warning contexts,systems,policies,and messages to investigate possibilities for international harmonization of mobile device-based early warning.The workshop’s sessions revealed two interrelated issues that repeatedly surfaced among workshop participants:culture and policy.The workshop illuminated several possibilities and problems confronting U.S.,Japanese,and global stakeholders as they develop,deploy,and seek to improve the effectiveness of mobile alert and warning systems and messages.
文摘During the Second world war, the Franco-British cooperation included the organization of purchasing missions for airnautical material in the States. On 25 november 1939, a Franco-British agreement was set up to organize two purchasing missions in the United States under the control of a ＂Liaison Committee＂ supervised by the Treasury Secretary, Henry Morgenthau. Edouard Daladier, French Chief of Government, sent Ren6 Pleven to establish contacts with General Arnold （AirCorps）. The Franco-British financial contribution facilitated a main spurt in investments which help modernize the American products apparatus. First contacts were established on April 1940, to be delivered in September. While France had not be able to benefit from significant part of these orders, Great Britain would take over some units that were originally allocated to France. These contracts would later facilitate the development of transatlantic cooperation.
