Cities in deltas are vulnerable to climate change, especially their unembanked neighborhoods that are not protected by dikes. Rising sea levels and extreme water levels in the rivers can lead to the flooding of these ...Cities in deltas are vulnerable to climate change, especially their unembanked neighborhoods that are not protected by dikes. Rising sea levels and extreme water levels in the rivers can lead to the flooding of these urban areas. The Netherlands has a long history in water management. However, building dikes and the elevation of land are traditionally treated as rather stand-alone measures. Attention is rarely paid to the surrounding area, let alone to the complex context of cities and certainly not to disadvantaged neighborhoods. Yet, inner-city area redevelopment may provide opportunities to integrate flood management in these planning processes. In order to investigate the support of stakeholders for risk-reducing adaptive measures and more resilient measures, we did research in an unembanked inner-city area in the city of Rotterdam (The Netherlands), in which we conducted in-depth interviews with the central stakeholders. The main conclusion is that the most important barriers for integrating climate adaptation measures into that neighborhood are the fragmentation of water-safety policy (e.g. elevation of rebuilding locations) and the hierarchical governance arrangement in water management. This type of fragmentation led on its turn to fragmentation with other policy goals for the neighborhood. It also led to fragmentation between different areas in the same neighborhood that received political attention and those that are excluded from water-safety policy. This questions the approach in terms of social justice. An important side effect is that this governance arrangement also restricted innovation towards climate adaptation. Therefore, integrating water-safety policies in urban planning (in its capacity as a more integrative and comprehensive spatial approach) should be considered the best option to increase the adaptive capacity in delta cities. Not only can the negative effects in terms of policy fragmentation be dealt with effectively, but also spatial fragmentation can be tackled.展开更多
针对传统的超像素马尔科夫随机场(Markov random field,MRF)影像分割模型中对空间背景信息利用不够完全的问题,发展了一种新的超像素MRF模型。该算法将高阶邻域模型引入到MRF的交互势函数中,使交互势函数能够充分利用超像素邻域系统所...针对传统的超像素马尔科夫随机场(Markov random field,MRF)影像分割模型中对空间背景信息利用不够完全的问题,发展了一种新的超像素MRF模型。该算法将高阶邻域模型引入到MRF的交互势函数中,使交互势函数能够充分利用超像素邻域系统所包含的空间背景信息。结合此一阶势函数模型,还提出一种逐类别的β参数自动估计方法,该方法是在范数距离的基础上进行的。利用2景具有不同特点的农田地区高分遥感影像,开展了验证实验。实验结果表明,本算法对于边界强度等空间背景信息的利用效果更好,分割结果更精确。与其他超像素MRF分割算法对比,也说明了该算法在性能上的优越性。展开更多
智能电网利用新一代信息技术实现网络安全、可靠、高效地运行。智能电网邻域网(Smart Grid Neighborhood Area Network,SGNAN)负责处理终端发送到数据集中单元的数据,对数据传输有较高的实时性和可靠性要求。采用5G uRLLC(Ultra-reliabl...智能电网利用新一代信息技术实现网络安全、可靠、高效地运行。智能电网邻域网(Smart Grid Neighborhood Area Network,SGNAN)负责处理终端发送到数据集中单元的数据,对数据传输有较高的实时性和可靠性要求。采用5G uRLLC(Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communication)技术建立SGNAN的上行链路资源调度模型,并给出解决方案。该方案依据优先级动态分配资源,定义分配矩阵、速率矩阵表示系统吞吐量(目标函数),使用改进的人工蜂群算法求得系统的最优资源分配方案。实验结果表明,该方案能够有效保证终端实时性、公平性,并改善系统的吞吐量。展开更多
文摘Cities in deltas are vulnerable to climate change, especially their unembanked neighborhoods that are not protected by dikes. Rising sea levels and extreme water levels in the rivers can lead to the flooding of these urban areas. The Netherlands has a long history in water management. However, building dikes and the elevation of land are traditionally treated as rather stand-alone measures. Attention is rarely paid to the surrounding area, let alone to the complex context of cities and certainly not to disadvantaged neighborhoods. Yet, inner-city area redevelopment may provide opportunities to integrate flood management in these planning processes. In order to investigate the support of stakeholders for risk-reducing adaptive measures and more resilient measures, we did research in an unembanked inner-city area in the city of Rotterdam (The Netherlands), in which we conducted in-depth interviews with the central stakeholders. The main conclusion is that the most important barriers for integrating climate adaptation measures into that neighborhood are the fragmentation of water-safety policy (e.g. elevation of rebuilding locations) and the hierarchical governance arrangement in water management. This type of fragmentation led on its turn to fragmentation with other policy goals for the neighborhood. It also led to fragmentation between different areas in the same neighborhood that received political attention and those that are excluded from water-safety policy. This questions the approach in terms of social justice. An important side effect is that this governance arrangement also restricted innovation towards climate adaptation. Therefore, integrating water-safety policies in urban planning (in its capacity as a more integrative and comprehensive spatial approach) should be considered the best option to increase the adaptive capacity in delta cities. Not only can the negative effects in terms of policy fragmentation be dealt with effectively, but also spatial fragmentation can be tackled.
文摘针对传统的超像素马尔科夫随机场(Markov random field,MRF)影像分割模型中对空间背景信息利用不够完全的问题,发展了一种新的超像素MRF模型。该算法将高阶邻域模型引入到MRF的交互势函数中,使交互势函数能够充分利用超像素邻域系统所包含的空间背景信息。结合此一阶势函数模型,还提出一种逐类别的β参数自动估计方法,该方法是在范数距离的基础上进行的。利用2景具有不同特点的农田地区高分遥感影像,开展了验证实验。实验结果表明,本算法对于边界强度等空间背景信息的利用效果更好,分割结果更精确。与其他超像素MRF分割算法对比,也说明了该算法在性能上的优越性。
文摘智能电网利用新一代信息技术实现网络安全、可靠、高效地运行。智能电网邻域网(Smart Grid Neighborhood Area Network,SGNAN)负责处理终端发送到数据集中单元的数据,对数据传输有较高的实时性和可靠性要求。采用5G uRLLC(Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communication)技术建立SGNAN的上行链路资源调度模型,并给出解决方案。该方案依据优先级动态分配资源,定义分配矩阵、速率矩阵表示系统吞吐量(目标函数),使用改进的人工蜂群算法求得系统的最优资源分配方案。实验结果表明,该方案能够有效保证终端实时性、公平性,并改善系统的吞吐量。
