Low-complexity signal detection for massive MIMO systems via trace iterative method

Linear minimum mean square error(MMSE)detection has been shown to achieve near-optimal performance for massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems but inevitably involves complicated matrix inversion,which entails high complexity.To avoid the exact matrix inversion,a considerable number of implicit and explicit approximate matrix inversion based detection methods is proposed.By combining the advantages of both the explicit and the implicit matrix inversion,this paper introduces a new low-complexity signal detection algorithm.Firstly,the relationship between implicit and explicit techniques is analyzed.Then,an enhanced Newton iteration method is introduced to realize an approximate MMSE detection for massive MIMO uplink systems.The proposed improved Newton iteration significantly reduces the complexity of conventional Newton iteration.However,its complexity is still high for higher iterations.Thus,it is applied only for first two iterations.For subsequent iterations,we propose a novel trace iterative method(TIM)based low-complexity algorithm,which has significantly lower complexity than higher Newton iterations.Convergence guarantees of the proposed detector are also provided.Numerical simulations verify that the proposed detector exhibits significant performance enhancement over recently reported iterative detectors and achieves close-to-MMSE performance while retaining the low-complexity advantage for systems with hundreds of antennas.

An improved algorithm based on equivalent sound velocity profile method at large incident angle

With the development of ultra-wide coverage technology,multibeam echo-sounder(MBES)system has put forward higher requirements for localization accuracy and computational efficiency of ray tracing method.The classical equivalent sound speed profile(ESSP)method replaces the measured sound velocity profile(SVP)with a simple constant gradient SVP,reducing the computational workload of beam positioning.However,in deep-sea environment,the depth measurement error of this method rapidly increases from the central beam to the edge beam.By analyzing the positioning error of the ESSP method at edge beam,it is discovered that the positioning error increases monotonically with the incident angle,and the relationship between them could be expressed by polynomial function.Therefore,an error correction algorithm based on polynomial fitting is obtained.The simulation experiment conducted on an inclined seafloor shows that the proposed algorithm exhibits comparable efficiency to the original ESSP method,while significantly improving bathymetry accuracy by nearly eight times in the edge beam.

PLANNING MOTION TRACE OF ROBOT BY SPINOR METHOD

The spinors applied to describe position and attitude of robot are studied. In dual spaces, the terminal trace of robot is planned through the mapping point, of attitude spinors. As a handy method directly perceived through the sense, the spinor method directly converges tracking error in the planning. It promotes the dynamic accuracy of trace operation. It is also suitable to the exerciser with redundant freedom.

Variations of trace elements and rare earth elements(REEs)treated by two different methods for snow-pit samples on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and their implications

Although previous investigations of the trace elements in snow and ice from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau obtained interesting information about pollution from human activities on the plateau, most were based on traditional acidification methods.To emphasize the influence of the different sample-preparation methods on the records of trace elements and rare earth elements, snow samples were collected from glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China and prepared using two methods: traditional acidification and total digestion. Concentrations of 18 trace elements(Al, Ti, Fe, Rb, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mn, Li,Cu, Co, Mo, Cs, Sb, Pb, Tl, and U), along with 14 rare earth elements(REEs: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er,Tm, Yb, and Lu), Y, and Th in the snow samples, were measured using inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry(ICP-SFMS). The results showed that the mass fraction of the trace elements(defined as ratio of concentration in the acid-leachable fraction to that in the digested sample) such as Mo, Ti, Al, Rb, and V, varied from 0.06 to 0.5. The mass fraction of other trace elements varied from about 0.6 to more than 0.9; those of the REEs, Y, and Th varied from 0.34 to0.75. Lower mass fractions will lead to an overestimated contribution of other sources, especially human activities, and the underestimated fluxes of these trace elements(especially REEs, Y, and Th, as well as dust) if the REEs are used as the proxy for the crust dust. The two sample-preparation methods exhibited different REE normalized distribution patterns,REE ratios, and provenance-tracing results. The REE normalized distribution patterns and proxies in the digested samples are more reliable and integrated than those found in traditional acidification method for dust-provenance tracing.

Partial Trace Method for Deriving Density Operators of Light Field

With the help of technique of integration within an ordered product of operators we can fully display the partial trace method to deduce some new density operators of light field. The general form of single-mode density operator is derived in this way from a normalized two-mode generalized squeezed pure state density operator.

A FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING IMNUNOASSAY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF TRACE ALBUMIN USING UNLABELED EUROPIUM CHELATE

A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled europium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simple because labeling process is omitted.The detection limit is about 10^(10) mol/L antigen.The relative standard deviation of immunoassay is less than 10%.The recoveries of human serum albumin and estradiol protein conjugate are 96-105% and 111% respectively.

A QUENCHING FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF TRACE ALBUMIN USING UNLABELED TERBIUM CHELATE

A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled Terbium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simpte because labeling process is unnecessary.The recovery of HSA and albumin in urine is 107% and 95% respectively.The standard deviation is tess than 10%.

Distinguishing the main components of submarine groundwater and estimating the corresponding fluxes based on radium tracing method—taking the Maowei Sea for example

Submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)is an important part in the land-sea interactions,which mainly contains three components:submarine fresh groundwater discharge(SFGD),tidal flat recirculated saline groundwater discharge(tidal flat RSGD)and subtidal recirculated saline groundwater discharge(subtidal RSGD).In order to make a more accurate assessment of the impact of SGD on coastal ecological environment,it is necessary to distinguish the main components of SGD.In this study,the Maowei Sea,located in the northern part of the Beibu Gulf,was selected as the study area.Based on the radium(Ra)tracing method,we present a new analytical method for distinguishing the three main components of SGD in this area combined with field data.The average daily flow along the coastline of the Maowei Sea of tidal flat RSGD was slightly higher than that of SFGD,and both two were on the magnitude of 1×10^(5)m^(3)/d.The average daily flow for the subtidal RSGD of the entire subtidal zone of the Maowei Sea reached to the magnitude of 1×10^(6)-1×10^(7)m^(3)/d.The long-term variation trend of terrestrial SGD is a valuable information for the study of the influence of terrigenous material on the coastal ecological environment.Based on the results of four sampling periods,it is found that the fluxes of SFGD and tidal flat RSGD in the Maowei Sea had good linear correlation with the net precipitation.As an example,January 2015 to August 2022 were selected as the study periods,and the variation trends of SFGD and tidal flat RSGD were calculated by linear function with net precipitation as the independent variable.The results showed that the flux of tidal flat RSGD was slightly higher than that of SFGD,and the difference between the two is larger in flood season while smaller in dry season.In general,in the coastal range of China,the total SGD flux in the Maowei Sea area is at a high level,and the SFGD flux is at a medium level.

关于高纯石英原料矿石地质学评价方法的探讨

高纯石英资源是一种重要的战略性资源。本文结合高纯石英成矿地质特征及其对后期选矿提纯、材料加工等的影响,系统总结了高纯石英原料中杂质的赋存状态、形成机理以及评价方法等,得出:(1)可以作为高纯石英原料的潜在岩石类型有花岗伟晶岩(包括不含暗色矿物的伟晶状花岗岩)、脉石英以及水晶,岩浆演化晚期的伟晶状花岗岩-伟晶岩早期阶段的NYF型花岗伟晶岩结晶形成的石英纯度更高,后期适当的变形变质作用更有利于高纯石英矿床的形成。高纯石英原料矿石中石英矿物呈现无色透明至半透明,矿物构造裂隙少,伟晶岩型矿石矿物组成通常为石英、钠长石、条纹长石、白云母等,黑云母等暗色矿物含量极少,基本不见锂辉石、独居石等稀有金属矿物和电气石、萤石等含挥发分矿物。(2)影响高纯石英的主要地质因素包括脉石矿物及晶界杂质、包裹体、晶格杂质等。其中包裹体类型、数量和尺寸是包裹体评价的关键指标,天然石英矿物中的气液两相包裹体、矿物包裹体和<10μm包裹体应尽量少;Al和Ti是晶格杂质元素评价标志性元素,通常要求天然石英矿物中Al<50×10-6和Ti<10×10-6。(3)建议按照手标本特征-石英矿物特征-石英中包裹体特征-晶格元素赋存状态及含量的顺序,从宏观到微观,综合借助光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、阴极荧光光谱分析系统(SEM-CL)、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)等开展地质学评价和研究工作。

血清微量元素与营养素对骨坏死因果效应的孟德尔随机化分析

背景:多项临床研究观察表明血清微量元素和营养素与骨坏死之间存在密切关系,但血清微量元素和营养素与骨坏死之间是否存在遗传因果效应尚不清楚。目的:通过孟德尔随机化方法探讨血清微量元素与营养素对骨坏死的因果效应。方法:暴露因素血清微量元素和维生素的单核苷酸多态性来自已发表的UK Biobank数据库以及全基因组关联研究公开数据库。结局事件骨坏死全基因组关联研究数据来自FinnGen Biobank数据库。采用孟德尔随机化方法探讨7种微量元素和3种营养素与骨坏死之间的因果关系。利用逆方差加权、MR-Egger和加权中位数等方法进行因果推断,计算F值统计量以确保工具变量的稳健性,采用Cochran’s Q统计法和留一法进行异质性检验,采用MR-Egger回归法、MR-PRESSO进行水平多效性检验。使用PhenoScanner数据库剔除具有水平多效性的单核苷酸多态性,以确保结果的可靠性。结果与结论:经过孟德尔随机化分析发现,血清硒、磷酸盐以及维生素C、维生素E与骨坏死之间存在明显的因果关系。血清硒、维生素C、维生素E对骨坏死有保护作用,磷酸盐摄入过多会增加骨坏死的风险。研究过程中没有发现异质性和水平多效性,孟德尔随机化统计效力(Power值>80%)显示上述4项结果可靠,研究结果对于开发有针对性的预防及治疗骨坏死的措施具有重要临床意义。

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定复杂高温合金中微量硅

以混酸低温加热方式溶解合金,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定复杂高温合金中微量硅。通过实验前准备、动能歧视和完全匹配基体消除二次污染、多原子离子干扰和共存元素干扰。采用5 mL盐酸、0.5 mL硝酸和几滴氢氟酸作溶剂,于80℃加热溶解合金样品,以Sc为内标校正仪器波动产生的影响。以硅的信号强度值为纵坐标,其质量分数为横坐标,绘制标准工作曲线,质量分数在0.002%~0.10%范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999,检出限为0.0003%。样品加标平均回收率为90.0%~110.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于2.0%(n=6)。该方法操作简便,能够满足日常测试要求。

楔块耦合的碳纤维增强复合材料褶皱缺陷全聚焦成像

褶皱是碳纤维增强复合材料中最主要的缺陷类型之一,当使用超声相控阵对复合材料薄板进行检测时,由于采集系统非线性效应和电子串扰等干扰会引发盲区现象,掩盖了薄板内的褶皱信息。为削弱盲区影响,考虑在相控阵与复合材料薄板(小于10 mm)之间增加楔块,提出楔块耦合的最短路径射线追踪全聚焦方法。基于费马原理与斯涅耳定律,建立楔块耦合的多层介质超声波传播模型;制备含褶皱缺陷的碳纤维增强复合材料试样,搭建超声相控阵数据采集系统,采集全矩阵数据;将楔块耦合的最短路径射线追踪全聚焦方法和传统全聚焦方法的成像效果进行对比。结果表明,基于楔块耦合的最短路径射线追踪全聚焦方法能减小试样表面盲区深度,修正声时偏差,削弱盲区影响,恢复出试样内的褶皱缺陷。相比传统全聚焦方法,纤维褶皱长度、褶皱顶部高度、褶皱角度这3个参数表征的精准程度分别提高了5.9%、4.1%、4.2%。该文为碳纤维增强复合材料薄板褶皱缺陷的检测提供了新思路。

基于微分方程曲面求交跟踪法的包容式节点相贯区域建模研究

包容式节点是一种新型管状相贯式节点,其形态是一种典型的薄壁自由曲面结构。在进行曲面造型过程中会涉及曲面求交的问题,而曲面求交是计算机辅助几何设计(CAGD)领域中的关键技术之一。本文构建了包容式节点非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面模型,将求包容式节点中的相贯线问题转化为NURBS曲面的求交问题。基于微分方程的跟踪算法原理,在分割法求得初始交点的基础上,采用微分方程追踪法求出所有交点,最后将所求得交点进行曲线拟合,交线包围区域即为包容式节点与腹杆相贯焊接区域。

党的批评与自我批评方法溯源、原则遵循与实践要求

批评与自我批评是中国共产党长期坚持、行之有效的工作方法,其产生具有深厚的历史渊源、其实施具有多方面的条件保障,是政党建设的一种科学方法。从建党初期自发的、零星的运用这一方法,到党的七大作为党的建设的重要方法广泛运用,伴随着中国共产党发展壮大的每个时期,直至今天依然是党的建设极其重要的方法与时俱进。为有效开展批评与自我批评,我们需要掌握正确的原则、立场和方法并提供扎实的条件保障,避免运用中的偏差或错误。

二氧化硅抛光液中金属杂质的检测方法

采用高分辨电感耦合等离子质谱仪检测二氧化硅抛光液中金属杂质元素,通过调节元素分辨力,选择适合的同位素进行检测,可有效解决质谱干扰问题。采用标准加入法稀释样品检测金属杂质含量的方法,10μg/kg加标回收率为81.17%~111.79%,可以实现对二氧化硅抛光液中多金属杂质的快速分析。

沉积矿床中重要(变价)金属元素与古海洋环境关系综述--以新元古代-早古生代扬子板块周缘为例

对氧化—还原敏感元素和生命必需元素地球化学性质和相关沉积矿产形成机制及其时空分布特征的分析、总结和归纳,有助于对古海洋环境演化与相关沉积矿产形成关系的深入认识,这对沉积矿床学理论的发展具有重要意义。新元古代南华纪—早古生代早志留世,扬子板块周缘黑色岩系中依次沉积了举世瞩目的南华纪锰矿、震旦纪—早寒武世沉积磷块岩、早寒武世重晶石矿、镍—钼—钴多金属矿、钒矿和早志留世铀矿的完整沉积矿床系列,不同时代地层、同一时代不同沉积环境地层赋存不同类型的沉积矿产,有必要对其成矿机理进行系统研究、总结和归纳。笔者等在对氧化—还原敏感金属元素、生命必需元素和海底热液元素等元素地球化学性质综述的基础上,兼论了它们在结合黄铁矿矿物学对氧化—还原环境、生物生产力和盆地限制性分析方面具体作用;进一步结合新元古代—早古生代扬子板块古环境演化特征,对扬子板块周缘特定时代中特定沉积矿产的分布、成因机理进行分析、总结和归纳;最终得出扬子板块周缘相关沉积矿产,是在全球氧化事件、冰期—间冰期、Rodina大陆裂解大背景下,海洋中成矿金属元素得到长期积累,在特定时代区域性海水—海底热液—生物作用(根据不同矿种各有侧重)影响下,在相关重要元素地球化学性质的控制下、局部区域特殊氧化—还原环境的控制下形成的特定矿产的初步认识。最后,结合相关沉积矿床研究中存在的问题,提出下一步解决方案与展望。

高纯铟杂质元素的ICP-MS测试方法研究

红外材料锑化铟的原材料之一是高纯度铟,其杂质元素的种类和含量直接影响了探测器的性能。因此建立准确高效的痕量元素定量测试方法尤为重要。通过严格控制温度保证酸解过程的可实现性,使用标准加入法建立标准曲线并对样品进行测试。经过响应率对比,该项测试选取的基底样品为单标溶液In10000,标准曲线的线性相关系数均接近于0.999。排除线性差异的影响,对多批次的测试结果进行分析并验证其准确性。同时采用内标法验证In10000溶液内的多种杂质元素含量。结果表明,基底样品具有极低的杂质含量。通过配置已知标准浓度的溶液对该测试方法的准确性和可重复性进行多次验证。测试结果表明,该项测试方法准确有效,可应用于高纯(大于6N) In的杂质含量测试。

永定河平原南部典型植被土壤优先流特征及其归因

[目的]研究永定河平原地区的优先流现象,解析其形态特征和发育程度,明确影响优先流的主要因素,为该区域淡水资源保护以及生态环境恢复提供理论依据。[方法]以3种典型植被柳树、荆条和狗尾草为对象,在25 mm入渗水量下(大雨)通过野外亮蓝染色示踪试验获取原始土样和染色剖面图像,使用图像处理技术解析水分和溶质在土壤中下渗的形态规律,结合相关性分析和主成成分分析法研究不同土壤因子对优先流产生和发育的响应。[结果](1)柳树、荆条和狗尾草土壤优先流分别集中在10—40 cm处、10—40 cm处和10—30 cm处,最大染色深度分别为40.0 cm,44.8 cm,31.5 cm。不同植被类型垂直剖面上显示出染色面积比随土层深度的增加而下降。(2)优先流发育程度为柳树样地>荆条样地>狗尾草样地。柳树样地和狗尾草样地的染色面积比和长度指数差异显著(p<0.05),荆条样地与其他2种植被差异均不显著(p>0.05)。(3)黏粒、砂粒、粉粒含量对方差变异性的贡献率为24.824%,根重密度和有机质含量对方差变异性的贡献率为46.312%。[结论]永定河平原南部3种典型植被中柳树样地最早发生土壤优先流现象,形成优先流染色形态分化程度最高,优先流现象最明显,而狗尾草样地最不明显。随着入渗水量的增加,土壤水分运动表现出整体下移,加深了土壤水流形态分化界面深度,即0—20 cm土层染色形态表现为相对稳定。土壤机械组成与径级小于5 mm根系是影响优先流产生发育的重要因素,由于各样地中植被的生长发育状态不同,因此对土壤优先流的影响程度也不尽相同,存在一定的差异性。

固态药物痕量晶体定量技术的研究进展

晶型是影响药物理化性质的关键因素,进而影响药物的体内药效、安全性及稳定性。固态药物的晶型研究对于药物的生产工艺开发、质量控制、临床疗效评价等至关重要。化学计量学方法与分析检测技术的联合应用,表现出对大量多维数据极强的分析能力,为痕量晶体(<1%)的定量检测提供了可能。同时,利用过程分析技术(process analytical technology,PAT)对制剂制备过程中的晶体含量进行实时监测,可进一步实现对制剂质量的控制,并作为支撑晶型专利保护的核心技术。本文概述了晶体定性定量分析技术和化学计量学方法联合应用于痕量晶体的定量测定,以期为药品的生产和质量控制提供指导。

An intersection method for locating earthquakes in complex velocity models

The intersection method is one of the basic approaches for locating earthquakes and is not only robust but also efficient. However, its location accuracy is not high, especially for focal depth because the velocity model used for the conventional intersection method is based on homogeneous or laterally homogeneous media, which is too simple. In order to improve the accuracy, we have modified the existing intersection method. In the modified approach, the earthquake loci are not assumed to be circular or hyperbolic and calculation accuracy is improved using a minimum traveltime tree algorithm for tracing rays. The numerical model shows that the modified method can locate earthquakes in complex velocity models.