A Hybrid Approach to Neighbour Discovery in Wireless Sensor Networks

In the contemporary era of unprecedented innovations such as Internet of Things(IoT),modern applications cannot be imagined without the presence of Wireless Sensor Network(WSN).Nodes in WSN use neighbour discovery(ND)protocols to have necessary communication among the nodes.Neighbour discovery process is crucial as it is to be done with energy efficiency and minimize discovery latency and maximize percentage of neighbours discovered.The current ND approaches that are indirect in nature are categorized into methods of removal of active slots from wake-up schedules and intelligent addition of new slots.The two methods are found to have certain drawbacks.Thefirst category disturbs original integrity of wake-up schedules leading to reduced chances of discovering new nodes in WSN as neighbours.When second category is followed,it may have inefficient slots in the wake-up schedules leading to performance degradation.Therefore,the motivation behind the work in this paper is that by combining the two categories,it is possible to reap benefits of both and get rid of the limitations of the both.Making a hybrid is achieved by introducing virtual nodes that help maximize performance by ensuring original integrity of wake-up schedules and adding of efficient active slots.Thus a Hybrid Approach to Neighbour Discovery(HAND)protocol is realized in WSN.The simulation study revealed that HAND outperforms the existing indirect ND models.

Entanglement and quantum phase transition in alternating XY spin chain with next-nearest neighbouring interactions

By using the method of density-matrix renormalization-group to solve the different spin spin correlation functions, the nearest-neighbouring entanglement （NNE） and the next-nearest-neighbouring entanglement （NNNE） of one-dimensional alternating Heisenberg XY spin chain are investigated in the presence of alternating the-nearestneighbouring interaction of exchange couplings, external magnetic fields and the next-nearest neighbouring interaction. For a dimerised ferromagnetic spin chain, the NNNE appears only above a critical dimerized interaction, meanwhile, the dimerized interaction a effects a quantum phase transition point and improves the NNNE to a large extent. We also study the effect of ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic next-nearest neighbouring （NNN） interaction on the dynamics of NNE and NNNE. The ferromagnetic NNN interaction increases and shrinks the NNE below and above a critical frustrated interaction respectively, while the antiferromagnetic NNN interaction always reduces the NNE. The antiferromagnetic NNN interaction results in a large value of NNNE compared with the case where the NNN interaction is ferromagnetic.

The Background of Regional Lead Isotopic Compositions and Its Application in the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and Neighbouring Areas

The paper systematically deals with the background of regional isotopic compo-sitions in the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River and neighbouring areas. It isshown that the lead isotopic compositions of different geological formations and units are con-trolled by the primary mantle heterogeneity, dynamic process of crust-mantle interchange,abundances of uraninm, thorium and lead of various layers of the earth and timing. Studies onthe background of regional isotopic compositions may offer significant information forgeochemical regionalization, tracing of sources of ore-forming materials, and regionalprognosis of ore deposits.

Effects of local neighbourhood diversity on crown structure and productivity of individual trees in mature mixed-species forests

Background:Species-specific genotypic features,local neighbourhood interactions and resource supply strongly influence the tree stature and growth rate.In mixed-species forests,diversity-mediated biomass allocation has been suggested to be a fundamental mechanism underlying the positive biodiversity-productivity relationships.Empirical evidence,however,is rare about the impact of local neighbourhood diversity on tree characteristics analysed at a very high level of detail.To address this issue we analysed these effects on the individual-tree crown architecture and tree productivity in a mature mixed forest in northern Germany.Methods:Our analysis considers multiple target tree species across a local neighbourhood species richness gradient ranging from 1 to 4.We applied terrestrial laser scanning to quantify a large number of individual mature trees(N=920)at very high accuracy.We evaluated two different neighbour inclusion approaches by analysing both a fixed radius selection procedure and a selection based on overlapping crowns.Results and conclusions:We show that local neighbourhood species diversity significantly increases crown dimension and wood volume of target trees.Moreover,we found a size-dependency of diversity effects on tree productivity(basal area and wood volume increment)with positive effects for large-sized trees(diameter at breast height(DBH)>40 cm)and negative effects for small-sized(DBH<40 cm)trees.In our analysis,the neighbour inclusion approach has a significant impact on the outcome.For scientific studies and the validation of growth models we recommend a neighbour selection by overlapping crowns,because this seems to be the relevant scale at which local neighbourhood interactions occur.Because local neighbourhood diversity promotes individual-tree productivity in mature European mixed-species forests,we conclude that a small-scale species mixture should be considered in management plans.

A research on the geothermal structure in Yanqing-Huailai Basin and its neighbouring region

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A natural neighbour method based on Fraeijs de Veubeke variational principle for materially non-linear problems

The natural neighbour method can be considered as one of many variants of the meshless methods. In the present paper, a new approach based on the Fraeijs de Veubeke （FdV） functional, which is initially developed for linear elasticity, is extended to the case of geometrically linear but materially non-linear solids. The new approach provides an original treatment to two classical problems： the numerical evaluation of the integrals over the domain A and the enforcement of boundary conditions of the type ui = hi on Su. In the absence of body forces （Fi = 0）, it will be shown that the calculation of integrals of the type fA .dA can be avoided and that boundary conditions of the type ui = hi on Su can be imposed in the average sense in general and exactly if hi is linear between two contour nodes, which is obviously the case for tTi = O.

ID-TIMS U-Pb Geochronology of the Tayatea Dyke Swarm of Australia: Identifying Tasmania's Nearest Neighbours in the Proterozoic

The Tayatea Dyke Swarm(also known as the Tayatea Dolerite)comprises well-exposed northeast-trending tholeiitic dykes that intrude the Rocky Cape Group(RCG)of northwest Tasmania,Australia.The dykes commonly

Enhancement of next-nearest-neighbouring entanglement in quantum Ising spin chain

Using the method of the Jordan-Wigner transformation for solving different spin-spin correlation functions, we have investigated the generation of next-nearest-neighbouring entanglement in a one-dimensional quantum Ising spin chain with the Gaussian distribution impurities of exchange couplings and external magnetic fields taken into account. The maximal value of entanglement between the next-nearest-neighbouring qubits in the transverse Ising model was analysed in detail by varying the effectively controlled parameters such as interchange coupling, magnetic field and the system impurity. For such systems, where both exchange couplings and external magnetic field disorder appear, we show that it is possible to achieve next-nearest-neighbouring entanglement better than the previously discussed pure Ising spin chain case. We also show that the Gaussian distribution impurity can induce next-nearest-neighbouring entanglement, which can be used as a means to characterize quantum phase transition.

UNESCO Chair in Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Set Up in China

The ceremony marking the establishment ofUNESCO chair in copyright and neighbouringrights was held in the Renmin University ofChina(PUC).Mr.Koichiro Matsuura,DirectorGeneral of the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organisation(UNESCO)attended the ceremony.At which,Mr.

POI数据挖掘在市场调查与分析大赛中的应用——以东北三省养猪企业数据挖掘为例

随着大数据技术的快速发展,海量数据的采集、挖掘和分析广泛应用于商业、农业、医疗等各个领域。本文基于POI数据挖掘构建市场调查方法,通过核密度和最邻近距离分析,利用POI数据分析东北三省养猪企业的分布特征,从而了解地区优势产业,并结合人口分布、企业分布等数据进行校核与验证。研究结果表明,POI数据挖掘为市场调查与分析大赛提供了有效的数据收集和市场分析方法。

A Novel Insertion Solution for the Travelling Salesman Problem

The studypresents theHalfMax InsertionHeuristic (HMIH) as a novel approach to solving theTravelling SalesmanProblem (TSP). The goal is to outperform existing techniques such as the Farthest Insertion Heuristic (FIH) andNearest Neighbour Heuristic (NNH). The paper discusses the limitations of current construction tour heuristics,focusing particularly on the significant margin of error in FIH. It then proposes HMIH as an alternative thatminimizes the increase in tour distance and includes more nodes. HMIH improves tour quality by starting withan initial tour consisting of a ‘minimum’ polygon and iteratively adding nodes using our novel Half Max routine.The paper thoroughly examines and compares HMIH with FIH and NNH via rigorous testing on standard TSPbenchmarks. The results indicate that HMIH consistently delivers superior performance, particularly with respectto tour cost and computational efficiency. HMIH’s tours were sometimes 16% shorter than those generated by FIHand NNH, showcasing its potential and value as a novel benchmark for TSP solutions. The study used statisticalmethods, including Friedman’s Non-parametric Test, to validate the performance of HMIH over FIH and NNH.This guarantees that the identified advantages are statistically significant and consistent in various situations. Thiscomprehensive analysis emphasizes the reliability and efficiency of the heuristic, making a compelling case for itsuse in solving TSP issues. The research shows that, in general, HMIH fared better than FIH in all cases studied,except for a few instances (pr439, eil51, and eil101) where FIH either performed equally or slightly better thanHMIH. HMIH’s efficiency is shown by its improvements in error percentage (δ) and goodness values (g) comparedto FIH and NNH. In the att48 instance, HMIH had an error rate of 6.3%, whereas FIH had 14.6% and NNH had20.9%, indicating that HMIH was closer to the optimal solution. HMIH consistently showed superior performanceacross many benchmarks, with lower percentage error and higher goodness values, suggesting a closer match tothe optimal tour costs. This study substantially contributes to combinatorial optimization by enhancing currentinsertion algorithms and presenting a more efficient solution for the Travelling Salesman Problem. It also createsnew possibilities for progress in heuristic design and optimization methodologies.

蚂蚁筑巢对森林土壤氮库组分含量和分配的影响

为阐明蚂蚁筑巢对纳帕海面山森林土壤氮循环的影响过程及机制,以该区云杉-冷杉森林群落为研究对象,比较蚁巢和非蚁巢2种野外实验处理土壤氮组分(全氮、碱解氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、微生物生物量氮)含量及其分配(碱解氮/全氮、硝态氮/全氮、铵态氮/全氮、微生物生物量氮/全氮)的差异特征,分析蚂蚁筑巢活动引起土壤理化环境变化对氮库组分积累与分配的影响。结果显示:(1)蚂蚁筑巢显著影响土壤氮组分含量积累及分配(P<0.05)。其中,蚁巢土壤的全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、碱解氮和微生物生物量氮含量是非蚁巢的2.2、3.5、1.4、4.2、1.8倍;蚁巢土壤的氮组分(碱解氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、微生物生物量氮)占全氮比例是非蚁巢的1.88、1.47、1.38、1.58倍;土壤氮库组分及其分配受不同处理、土层及交互作用的影响显著(P<0.05)。(2)回归分析显示,土壤铵态氮和硝态氮分别解释全氮变化的87.29%、80.84%。(3)曼特尔分析表明,氮库组分积累的主要驱动因子是土壤孔隙度、全磷和pH,土壤氮库组成分配的主要驱动因子是有机质、速效钾和速效磷。可得结论:蚂蚁筑巢显著改变土壤孔隙度、酸碱性、碳磷钾养分等环境因子,进而调控纳帕海面山森林土壤氮库组分含量的积累与分配。研究结果有助于理解高原湿地面山土壤氮积累过程的土壤动物学调控机制。

蚂蚁筑巢对纳帕海面山土壤碳积累及分配的影响

【目的】揭示纳帕海面山森林蚁巢与非蚁巢土壤总有机碳储量及活性有机碳组分的分配特征,为阐明蚂蚁活动对森林土壤有机碳沉积影响的过程及机制提供关键数据支撑。【方法】以纳帕海面山云杉−冷杉森林群落为研究对象,比较蚁巢和非蚁巢2种处理土壤总有机碳储量、活性碳组分(微生物生物量碳、易氧化有机碳、颗粒有机碳、可溶性有机碳)及其碳分配(微生物生物量碳/总有机碳、易氧化有机碳/总有机碳、颗粒有机碳/总有机碳、可溶性有机碳/总有机碳)的差异,并分析蚂蚁筑巢活动引起土壤理化环境改变对总有机碳储量及活性有机碳组分分配的影响。【结果】蚂蚁筑巢显著影响土壤有机碳积累及活性碳组分分配(P<0.05)。其中,蚁巢土壤有机碳储量是非蚁巢的5.7倍;蚁巢土壤总有机碳、微生物生物量碳、易氧化有机碳、颗粒有机碳含量分别提高了3.8、2.7、4.0、3.5倍;蚁巢土壤易氧化有机碳/总有机碳均值大小比蚁巢高出1.50%,而非蚁巢土壤微生物生物量碳/总有机碳、颗粒有机碳/总有机碳、可溶性有机碳/总有机碳均值分别比蚁巢高0.43%、3.30%、3.21%;不同处理和土层仅对土壤总有机碳、微生物生物量碳、颗粒有机碳和可溶性有机碳含量存在明显的交互作用(P<0.05);回归分析结果表明土壤微生物生物量碳、颗粒有机碳、可溶性有机碳和易氧化有机碳分别解释了96.45%、96.35%、95.13%、94.27%的总有机碳变化;主成分分析表明土壤密度、全氮和速效磷是总有机碳储量的主控因子,而速效氮、速效磷、土壤密度等是活性碳组分积累的主要驱动因子;全钾、含水量分别是颗粒性有机碳与可溶性有机碳分配的主要影响因子。【结论】蚂蚁筑巢主要通过改变土壤紧实度、氮磷养分条件等环境因子,进而调控纳帕海面山森林土壤总有机碳储量与活性有机碳组分的分配,研究结果有助于理解高原湿地面山土壤碳积累过程的土壤动物学调控机制。

基于PCA+KNN和kernal-PCA+KNN算法的废旧纺织物鉴别

该研究采集了15类废旧纺织物的4 998张近红外谱图,以7∶3的比例分为训练集和验证集,并分别采用主成分分析(PCA)与核主成分分析(kernal-PCA)两种不同降维方法对数据进行降维,并选用余弦相似度(cosine)核作为kernal-PCA的最佳核函数,最后分别将PCA和kernal-PCA降维处理后的数据进行k-近邻算法(KNN)训练。结果表明,kernal-PCA+KNN的模型准确率(95.17%)优于PCA+KNN模型的准确率(92.34%)。研究表明,kernal-PCA+KNN算法可以实现15类废旧纺织物识别准确率的提升,为废旧纺织物在线近红外自动分拣提供有力的技术支撑。

Cluster-Based Nearest-Neighbour Classifier and Its Application on the Lightning Classification

The problem addressed in this paper concerns the prototype generation for a cluster-based nearest-neighbour classifier. It considers, to classify a test pattern, the lines that link the patterns of the training set and a set of prototypes. An efficient method based on clustering is here used for finding subgroups of similar patterns with centroid being used as prototype. A learning method is used for iteratively adjusting both position and local-metric of the prototypes. Finally, we show that a simple adaptive distance measure improves the performance of our nearest-neighbour-based classifier. The performance improvement with respect to other nearest-neighbour-based classifiers is validated by testing our method on a lightning classification task using data acquired from the Fast On-orbit Recording of Transient Events （FORTE） satellite, moreover the performance improvement is validated through experiments with several benchmark datasets. The performance of the proposed methods are also validated using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test.

利益衡量视域下人工智能生成内容的邻接权保护

对人工智能生成内容保护与否、如何保护的争论,本质上是对既有利益如何协调的讨论。化解人工智能生成内容带来的利益冲突,需从人工智能运行的底层逻辑出发,以利益分析为主线,审视著作权法保护的条件。人工智能生成内容符合广义邻接权的保护要求。但现有邻接权制度无法对人工智能生成内容提供保护,邻接权制度需进行一定的扩张,结合人工智能生成内容的特性和关联的利益,宜新设“生成式信息使用者权”,并对权利主体、具体保护条件、权利行使限制等方面进行明确。

A systematic review of the attractant-decoy and repellent- plant hypotheses: do plants with heterospecific neighbours escape herbivory?

Aims this systematic review highlights the relative support and implica-tions of the attractant-decoy and repellent-plant hypotheses,discuss-ing important linkages between these theories and the opportunity for novel integration into ecological and applied research.Methods an extensive systematic review of the current literature on the attract-ant-decoy and repellent-plant hypotheses was done to describe the following attributes of the research to date:(i)the geographic extent(country and biome)of studies on this topic,(ii)the scope of experi-mental designs used,(iii)the level of support for these hypotheses with respect to the breadth of ecological niches tested,(iv)the level of support for these hypotheses with respect to the classes of herbi-vores examined and,lastly,(v)the ecological impact or purpose of these studies.Herein,we summarize important research gaps in the empirical literature on this topic and identify novel opportunities for critical linkages between ecological and applied theories.Important Findingsa total of 37%of experiments testing these two associated hypotheses were done in North america,frequently in either temperate broadleaf(26%of studies)or taiga ecosystems(15%of studies).the majority of these studies involved experimental manipulations such as removing and transplanting vegetation and either tracked or excluded mammalian herbivores.Ecological implications were primarily examined(59%of studies),but there were also implications described for agriculture and commercial forestry in 22%of studies.the repellent-plant hypothesis was well supported in many ecological systems,particularly for mammalian herbivores,but the attractant-decoy hypothesis has been less frequently tested,thereby representing an important research gap.Insect herbivores were under-represented in all categories except in applied contexts such as commercial forestry and agriculture.there is a clear need for studies to connect these two ecological hypotheses with the management of agriculture and restoration efforts in many ecosystems.research on the co-evolution and facilitation between palatable and unpalatable plants also represents another novel area of future study.

Optimal location query based on k nearest neighbours

Optimal location query in road networks is a basic operation in the location intelligence applications.Given a set of clients and servers on a road network,the purpose of optimal location query is to obtain a location for a new server,so that a certain objective function calculated based on the locations of clients and servers is optimal.Existing works assume no labels for servers and that a client only visits the nearest server.These assumptions are not realistic and it renders the existing work not useful in many cases.In this paper,we relax these assumptions and consider the k nearest neighbours(KNN)of clients.We introduce the problem of KNN-based optimal location query(KOLQ)which considers the k nearest servers of clients and labeled servers.We also introduce a variant problem called relocation KOLQ(RKOLQ)which aims at relocating an existing server to an optimal location.Two main analysis algorithms are proposed for these problems.Extensive experiments on the real road networks illustrate the efficiency of our proposed solutions.