AIM:To investigate the effects of quercetin and genistein on colon cancer cell proliferation and their estrogen receptorβ(ERβ)expression.METHODS:Colon cancer cells were stably transfected with a mammalian expression...AIM:To investigate the effects of quercetin and genistein on colon cancer cell proliferation and their estrogen receptorβ(ERβ)expression.METHODS:Colon cancer cells were stably transfected with a mammalian expression vector to overexpress ERβ(HCT8-β8-expressing cells)or a control vector(HCT8-pSV2neo-expressing cells).The proliferation of these cells was examined after treatment with quercetin or genistein(5-100μmol/L),or 10 nmol/L17β-estradiol(17β-E2).Cell viability was examined by acridine orange staining following treatments for 48 or144 h.Effects of quercetin and genistein on ERβtranscriptional transactivation were examined by luciferase activity in HCT8-β8-expressing cells transiently transfected with a pEREtkLUC reporter vector.In addition,the regulation of ERβtranscription by phytoestrogens and 17β-E2 was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:Proliferation of HCT8-β8-expressing cells was not reduced low doses(5μmol/L)of quercetin and genistein,while it was reduced at 25-50μmol/L with an effect similar to 10 nmol/L 17β-E2.Treatment with doses of phytoestrogens≥75μmol/L completely blocked cell growth and reduced overall cell counts,however no effects at any dose were observed in HCT8-pSV2neoexpressing cells.These results were supported by viability staining that revealed acridine orange-stained lysosomes with high doses or extended treatment periods.Genistein and quercetin(50μmol/L)significantly increased ER-responsive luciferase activity similar to 10nmol/L 17β-E2(P<0.05).Furthermore,genistein and quercetin(50μmol/L),as well as 10 nmol/L 17β-E2significantly increased ERβmRNA levels in HCT8-β8-expressing cells(P<0.05).In addition,treatment of HCT8-pSV2neo-expressing cells with 50μmol/L quercetin or 10 nmol/L 17β-E2 significantly increased ERβmRNA levels compared to untreated controls(P<0.05),though the absolute levels were much lower than in HCT8-β8-expressing cells.CONCLUSION:The antitumorigenic effects of the phytoestrogenic compounds quercetin and genistein on colon cancers cells occur through ERβactivity and expression.展开更多
One of the remarkable results of Frege＇s Logicism is Frege＇s Theorem, which holds that one can derive the main truths of Peano arithmetic from Hume＇s Principle （HP） without using Frege＇s Basic Law V. This result...One of the remarkable results of Frege＇s Logicism is Frege＇s Theorem, which holds that one can derive the main truths of Peano arithmetic from Hume＇s Principle （HP） without using Frege＇s Basic Law V. This result was rediscovered by the Neo-Fregeans and their allies. However, when applied in developing a more advanced theory of mathematics, their fundamental principles--the abstraction principles--incur some problems, e.g., that of inflation. This paper finds alternative paths for such inquiry in extensionalism and object theory.展开更多
基金Supported by Funding from the University of Florence
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of quercetin and genistein on colon cancer cell proliferation and their estrogen receptorβ(ERβ)expression.METHODS:Colon cancer cells were stably transfected with a mammalian expression vector to overexpress ERβ(HCT8-β8-expressing cells)or a control vector(HCT8-pSV2neo-expressing cells).The proliferation of these cells was examined after treatment with quercetin or genistein(5-100μmol/L),or 10 nmol/L17β-estradiol(17β-E2).Cell viability was examined by acridine orange staining following treatments for 48 or144 h.Effects of quercetin and genistein on ERβtranscriptional transactivation were examined by luciferase activity in HCT8-β8-expressing cells transiently transfected with a pEREtkLUC reporter vector.In addition,the regulation of ERβtranscription by phytoestrogens and 17β-E2 was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:Proliferation of HCT8-β8-expressing cells was not reduced low doses(5μmol/L)of quercetin and genistein,while it was reduced at 25-50μmol/L with an effect similar to 10 nmol/L 17β-E2.Treatment with doses of phytoestrogens≥75μmol/L completely blocked cell growth and reduced overall cell counts,however no effects at any dose were observed in HCT8-pSV2neoexpressing cells.These results were supported by viability staining that revealed acridine orange-stained lysosomes with high doses or extended treatment periods.Genistein and quercetin(50μmol/L)significantly increased ER-responsive luciferase activity similar to 10nmol/L 17β-E2(P<0.05).Furthermore,genistein and quercetin(50μmol/L),as well as 10 nmol/L 17β-E2significantly increased ERβmRNA levels in HCT8-β8-expressing cells(P<0.05).In addition,treatment of HCT8-pSV2neo-expressing cells with 50μmol/L quercetin or 10 nmol/L 17β-E2 significantly increased ERβmRNA levels compared to untreated controls(P<0.05),though the absolute levels were much lower than in HCT8-β8-expressing cells.CONCLUSION:The antitumorigenic effects of the phytoestrogenic compounds quercetin and genistein on colon cancers cells occur through ERβactivity and expression.
文摘One of the remarkable results of Frege＇s Logicism is Frege＇s Theorem, which holds that one can derive the main truths of Peano arithmetic from Hume＇s Principle （HP） without using Frege＇s Basic Law V. This result was rediscovered by the Neo-Fregeans and their allies. However, when applied in developing a more advanced theory of mathematics, their fundamental principles--the abstraction principles--incur some problems, e.g., that of inflation. This paper finds alternative paths for such inquiry in extensionalism and object theory.
