澄清被混用的“新自由主义”——兼谈对New Liberalism和Neo-Liberalism的翻译

在英文中,New Liberalism和Neo-Liberalism代表两个有着截然不同的主张和诉求的思想流派,且本来分属政治哲学和经济学两个不同的学科语境。由于它们都被翻译成“新自由主义”,当前国内学术界普遍在批判Neo-Liberalism时,导致批判本身的错位和人们对New Liberalism的很大误解。将New Liberalism译为“新自由主义”,Neo-Liberalism统一译为“‘新’自由主义”或“新古典自由主义”有利于正本清源,促进学术对话。

“liberal arts”的源与流——古今之变中的审视

“古今之变”是审视liberal arts流变的中心线索。古典liberal arts是具有内在统一性并指向完满品格的整全性知识体系。欧洲三次文艺复兴对liberal arts的再造展现了其历史流变中的不变逻辑,即为特定时代的受教育者提供共同价值。德国古典大学赋予了liberal arts在古典意义上的完美形态,而新人文主义的自我塑造观念孕育了博雅教育的现代转向。科学革命终结了古典学术的内在统一性与道德理想,瓦解了古典liberal arts。美国现代大学则借助古典资源,经由三次改革浪潮重建了liberal arts。然而,古典教育凝聚文明精华的共同价值、塑造意义与学术整合力量,同现代科学的智识自由、价值分殊与学科分化特性相冲突,这是古今之变为现代大学再造liberal arts所深植的困境,liberal arts只能在钟摆的两端之间不断权衡。

The Pathologies of Modernity:Liberalism,Nihilism,Conservatism,Postmodernism,Intersectionality/Identity Politics,and Secular Humanism

In this article,Mocombe highlights what he calls the pathological-pathogenic purposive-rationalities(liberalism,nihilism,conservatism,postmodernism,intersectionality/identity politics,and secular humanism)that emerge out of modernity as constituted by the West under American hegemony.In the place of these pathological-pathogenic responses to the vagaries of modernity,Mocombe calls for an antihumanism,associated with what he calls libertarian communism,as a panacea to the aforementioned malaises.

英文“liberal arts”真的等于“文科”或“人文学科”吗?——兼论翻译中的词汇空缺现象

伴随古希腊哲学思想兴起的liberal arts,体现了古希腊人对“普遍理解”的追求,经古罗马、文艺复兴及近世以降之经年累月发展,此概念之内在含义已然超越单纯之“文科”或“人文学科”的范畴,涵盖更广泛的学科领域。Liberal arts旨在培养学生广泛的知识和技能,包括批判性思维、沟通技巧、文化理解和全球意识等,从而使他们成为具有丰富知识和广泛兴趣的人。纵观liberal arts的发展,不宜将其简单翻译为“文科”或“人文学科”,可根据不同语境将其译为“通识教育”“博雅教育”,乃至“文理教育”。

An Exploration of Higher Vocational English Teachers’Professional Development on Students’Learning Ability in the Context of New Liberal Arts

The concept of New Liberal Arts,a multidisciplinary combined integrator with Chinese values at its core,has brought new challenges to the teaching methods and professional development of higher-level English teachers.Based on the evolving professional development process of higher vocational English teachers in the context of the New Liberal Arts,this article analyzes how English teachers can integrate multidisciplinary knowledge and adopt advanced educational technology in the teaching process.On this basis,it discusses the role of teachers’professional development in enhancing students’learning ability,such as through deepening disciplinary understanding,adopting innovative teaching strategies,and implementing personalized teaching.At the end of the article,based on a variety of pedagogical theories,we put forward suggestions,including continuous professional training,interdisciplinary cooperation,and the application of innovative teaching techniques,which are mainly aimed at helping higher vocational English teachers get rid of the dilemma of the new situation,adapt to the needs of the new liberal arts education as soon as possible,and then effectively improve students’abilities.

新自由主义(Neo-liberalism)对国家治理现代化的挑战和我国对策探究

新自由主义(Neo-liberalism)是一种经济-政治-文化思想,具有明确的理论主张,历经多年实践,是自由主义演化的新形态。它已经渗透到世界各国的政治、经济、文化和社会领域,在带来一定繁荣的同时,它对全球各国的国家治理现代化造成了严重挑战。我国在推进国家治理现代化的过程中要综合采取经济政治文化社会等各个方面的举措来积极应对新自由主义(Neo-liberalism)所带来的挑战,逐步完善国家治理体系,不断提高国家治理能力,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦提供治理保障。

The Crisis of Global COVID-19 Governance and the Challenge of Liberalism From Error-Tolerantism

The crisis of COVID-19 governance in Western countries has demonstrated inherent defects of the concept of freedom defined by liberalists.Error-Tolerantism integrating liberalism with China’s cultures divides the right to freedom into two categories:The right to freedom in the innovative fields is the right to be wrong as an original right;and those to freedom in the non-innovative fields are the subordinate rights.Rights come from mutual empowerment between people.The right theory of Error-Tolerantism called error-tolerant rights paradigm is the right to be wrong as an original right and mutual empowerment theory.The first defect of liberalism is that the Western media criticized China’s right to be wrong as an original right in the governance of COVID-19 by turning to the rights to freedom at the subordinate level in the context of non-COVID-19.The second defect is its failure to realize that the rational implementation of the right to be wrong as an original right will produce new subordinate rights.The number of people infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan dropping to zero indicates that new subordinate rights to freedom,such as keeping social distance,wearing face masks in public places,showing health codes,etc.,have been formed and confirmed.Error-Tolerantism holds that the definition of freedom by liberalists lacks dynamics,leading to the confusion in understanding the idea of freedom and various illegal actions endangering public security,such as traveling,gathering,or demonstrating without wearing masks during the pandemic.

Toward a Security Community in Asia? The Limits of Constructivism, Developmental Statism, Liberalism, and Realism

This article asks whether a regional security community has emerged in Asia with the potential to grow mature and seeks to make a contribution to the ongoing debate on this controversial topic.It advances the argument that states in this broad region are far from being able to develop a security community for reasons different from those provided by political realists,developmental statists,liberals,and constructivists(social,discursive,and emancipationist).The role of Association of Southeast Asia(ASEAN)and that of China provide excellent test cases for the theoretical proposition that the building of a successful regional security community requires at least two necessary conditions:liberal democracy and regional democratic leadership,which remain absent in Asia.

Confucian Liberalism:Convergence Between the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Chinese Traditional Culture

As early as the 18th century,Confucian liberalism of considering others in one s own place was integrated into the provisions of freedom of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.In 1948,the Confucian idea of benevolence and other liberalism had an important influence on the drafting and content of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.The fulcrum of Confucian liberalism is self-discipline based on benevolence.The code of conduct created by Confucianism of"What you do not want done to yourself,do not do to others"has the social effect of safeguarding people’s negative freedom;the code of conduct of"while establishing himself and pursuing success,also works to establish others and enable them to succeed as well"has the social effect of safeguarding people s positive freedom.Confucian liberalism is social-oriented,which adheres to the unity of everyone’s freedom with the freedom of others,and the idea that individual freedom lies in the overall freedom of the social community.It is based on the conscience(benevolence)of the way of considering others in one’s own place and the practical path from the obligation to rights and freedoms are prominent features of traditional Chinese culture.It is consistent with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights’provision that everyone has duties to the community,and is similar to Marx’s philosophy that"the free development of every human being is the condition of the free development of all human beings",and is a unique system of liberal discourse that is different from Western liberalism.

Teaching Reform and Practice of Finance under the Background of New Liberal Arts

Under the background of new liberal arts,the problems existing in the teaching process of Finance were re-examined.For instance,the setting of teaching objectives does not meet the requirements of construction of new liberal arts,and teaching content emphasizes theory;teaching method is single,and teaching assessment is not reasonable.It is proposed that the curriculum reform should be carried out from five dimensions:teaching objective,teaching content,teaching method,practice system and teaching evaluation,so as to meet the requirements of construction of new liberal arts.

National Revival and Workers Liberation in the Polish Issue-The Differences Between Marx and Engels and Proudhonists During the First International

In the international communist movement in the 19th century,the national uprising in Europe and the workers’movement were intertwined,forming a complex historical background.The Polish National Uprising in 1863 became a historical opportunity for the establishment of the First International.Although the unity of the British workers and the French workers was the realistic basis of the First International,the French workers showed a vague attitude different from the British workers on the Polish issue.In the first Congress of the First International,the French workers who almost are Proudhonists rejected the issue of supporting the Polish nation against the Tsar Russian oppression.Pierre-Joseph Proudhon did not link the Polish issue with the workers’movement,while he insisted that social and economic issues should not be confused with political reconstruction,and artificially separated national revival from workers’liberation.In order to promote and assist the establishment of the First International,Marx made certain consideration and concessions on national issues in the formulation of its declaration and constitution.Then Engels,commissioned by Marx,made some specific interpretations that they based on the difference between nation and nationality,and adhere it to the international national principle,both clearly shows the Marxism view of nation state,reveals the risk if international communist movement limited to the principle of nationalities,and also further reveals the importance to combine two great cause,national revival and workers liberation.

新文科背景下中国语言学学科的承继与发展

中国语言学自先秦以来,不仅取得丰硕的成果,而且形成独特的研究传统。近现代之后,中国语言学逐步转型,学科细分所致的新的研究态势已经不能适应新时代新文科要求。中国语言学需要在承继优良学术传统的基础上,面向人工智能和数字技术,走“大语言学”发展之路。

Research and Practice of Integrating Ideological and Political Education Into Liberal Arts Mathematics Teaching

This paper first analyses the reasons for the low effectiveness of ideological and political education in current liberal arts mathematics teaching,then puts forward the contents,methods,and approaches of integrating ideological and political education into liberal arts mathematics teaching,and finally finds out the matters needing attention of integrating ideological and political education into liberal arts mathematics teaching.

扩大金融领域制度型开放的运行机理、现实风险和实施路径

扩大金融领域制度型开放是开放型经济发展的必然要求,是实现国民经济高质量发展和中国式现代化的重要保证。以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,结合数字科技产业发展与中国积极加入CPTPP、DEPA的趋势要求,以国际高标准规则和中国金融开放的问题为导向,厘清金融领域制度型开放的瓶颈和基于RTA规则的差距,从金融服务业务、金融市场和资本账户等领域分析扩大金融领域制度型开放的运行机理和现实风险,并在此基础上提出金融领域制度型开放有序扩大的长中短期目标、实施路径、战略规划和方案设计。文章的研究为中国克服金融开放瓶颈,推进“金融深化”,建设金融强国,建立和完善中国特色的自主性开放型金融理论知识体系提供有益贡献。

新文科背景下管理学科拔尖创新人才培养模式研究

管理学科人才培养模式改革和创新是新文科建设的重要内容,也是国家战略和社会发展的必然要求。文章从新文科背景下管理学科拔尖创新人才培养新内涵出发,探讨了人才培养的逻辑与路径。进而,结合笔者教学改革实践工作,提出了一套“一二三”式培养理念,即以国家和社会需求以及学科和产业发展趋势为导向,充分利用教育资源与国际高水平学术交流两个平台,以德育知识、专业知识和素质拓展三个模块协同培养,并从课程创新、科研创新、实践创新角度构建了“六位一体”人才培养模式。

新文科数学课程体系的构建与实施路径

在新文科建设与人才培养视域下,培养新型社会所需优秀文科人才的关键在于不同学科之间的交叉融合,而数学与文科的交叉融合尤为重要。随着社会的发展,文科专业对学生数学能力的要求不断提升,原有的文科数学课程在教学目标、教学内容和教学模式等方面已不能满足新文科专业建设与人才培养的需要。新文科数学课程体系要在融合与守正的平衡中建立新的目标,深入挖掘数学在新文科建设中的价值。在内容上进行更新或重构,在教学模式上紧跟教育数字化转型的步伐,重视数学技术的应用,构建适应新文科建设与发展要求的大学数学课程体系,发挥数学类优质课程与教材在培养高素质文科人才方面的积极作用。因此,在对新文科数学课程体系的构建依据和课程体系的构建理念、体系结构和课程设置进行深入分析的基础上,文章从教学目标、课程内容、新形态文科数学教材开发、数字化资源建设、考核评价模式和保障制度几个方面探讨了新文科大学数学课程体系的实施路径,并在吉林大学进行教学实践,取得了较好的效果。

新文科背景下复合型人才培养实践模式研究

新文科建设背景下,各高校在跨学科、跨专业的复合型人才培养方面积极进行改革和创新尝试,形成了诸多值得借鉴的典型模式。通过对全国数十所高校新文科建设中复合型人才培养情况进行总结和分析,研究将现有人才培养模式归纳为双学位和联合学位模式、微专业模式、文科实验室模式、书院模式。这四种典型模式各有优势,用新视角、新范式、新方法带动了传统文科转型升级。未来,各高校应继续探索建立以立德树人为目标、以优势学科为核心、以学科交叉为抓手、以名家大师为引领的复合型文科人才培养体系。

新文科建设背景下公共管理硕士人才培养质量保障体系探究

新文科建设是党和国家立足于民族复兴、人才培养的战略高位,对我国高等教育现代化发展所做出的有益探索与伟大尝试,给公共管理硕士人才培养也带来了无限机遇。文章在总结提炼新文科建设的特征及其对公共管理硕士人才的总体要求背景下,梳理了当前国内公共管理学科的发展概况及人才培养方面存在的现实问题,并基于“手段-目的链”分析框架,构建了“四维一体”人才培养质量保障体系,其中“四维”包括:制度创新、实践平台、保障机制和课程改革,“一体”强调以研究生培养质量为导向。在此基础上,深入分析了该体系在公共管理硕士人才培养质量保障方面的实践路径、特色及效果。文章旨在为国内高校加快推进高等教育现代化进程中公共管理硕士人才的培养提供思路借鉴和参考。

贸易自由化与中国出口农产品质量:基于双边贸易成本的研究

出口农产品质量直接关系农产品出口的长远发展。基于双边贸易成本的视角,利用中国与127个贸易伙伴847种农产品的数据,运用回归反推法测算了中国出口农产品的质量水平,并从理论和实证两个方面分析了贸易自由化对中国出口农产品质量的影响。研究发现,样本期间,中国出口农产品质量呈波动上升趋势,且贸易自由化总体上可显著促进中国出口农产品质量的提高,但对出口到不同收入组国家农产品质量的影响存在显著差异。具体而言,贸易自由化对中国出口到埃塞俄比亚等低收入组国家农产品质量的促进作用最为显著,对出口到孟加拉等中等偏低收入组和日本高收入组国家农产品质量的促进作用次之,对出口到印度尼西亚等中等偏高收入组国家的农产品质量反而具有阻碍作用。