neo-Lignans and Hemiterpenoid from the Seeds of Artabostrys hexapetalus (Annonaceae)

Four neo-lignans: isoamericanin A(1), isoamericanol A(2), americanin B(3), artabotrycinol(4), a hemiterpenoid: (R)-artabotriol(5) and other compounds: palmitic acid(6), β-sitosterol(7) and daucosterol(8) were isolated from the seeds of Artabostrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bhadari (Annonaceae). Artabotrycinol(4) is a new neo-lignan and (R)-artabotriol(5) is a new hemiterpenoid. Their structures were established by IR, UV, MS, 1D and 2D NMR. Three other neo-lignans 1, 2, 3 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

番荔枝科(Annonaceae)传粉室类型及其演化意义

花部结构与传粉者协同进化是有花植物成功演化的关键原因,在番荔枝科的植物中传粉室是一个非常明显的花部结构。由于该科花瓣的大小、轮数及每轮花瓣数、花瓣间的连合方式等高度多样,导致其传粉室形态也高度多样。番荔枝科107属中68属具详细的花部结构研究,该文根据开花期传粉室的闭合情况将这68属的传粉室分为开放型、半闭合型和闭合型3类,研究其系统演化意义。结果表明:(1)24属具开放型传粉室,38属具半闭合型传粉室,26属具闭合型传粉室;约17属具2种或3种传粉室类型。(2)不同传粉室类型的植物与传粉者之间具有一定的对应关系,蜂类和蝇类主要为开放型传粉室或传粉室空间较大的半闭合型和闭合型传粉室植物传粉;蓟马主要为半闭合型与闭合型传粉室植物传粉。(3)古热带和新热带是番荔枝科植物的分布中心。分布于古热带的植物种数最多,但传粉室类型和传粉者较单一;分布于新热带的植物种数相对较少,但传粉室类型与传粉者都高度多样性。已有研究表明非洲是番荔枝科植物的起源地,开放型传粉室的植物主要分布于热带非洲,普遍存在于各族早期分化的属中,且均由小甲虫进行传粉,是该科较原始的传粉室类型;半闭合型分布于热带非洲、热带亚洲及热带美洲,闭合型传粉室主要分布于热带亚洲,这两类传粉室植物的传粉者也较多样性,是番荔枝科植物中较进化的传粉室类型。

Efficacy of seed extracts of Annona squamosa and Annona muricata(Annonaceae) for the control of Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus(Culicidae)

Objective:To evaluate the potential efficacy of seed extracts of Annona squamosa and Annona muricata used as natural insecticides to control adult and larvae of the vectors Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions.Methods:Aqueous and oil extracts of the two plants were prepared from dried seeds.Preliminary identifications of the chemical components of each seed extracts were performed using microreactional and GCP techniques.Larvae and adults of Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus were collected from the breeding sites in coastal and highlands regions of Madagascar.WHO standardized tests of susceptibility for larvae and imaginal stage of mosquitoes were realized to determine mortality and LC_(50) of mosquitoes.Results:Chemical identifications showed that these extracts contain alkaloids and flavonoids compounds that probably confer their biological insecticidal proprieties.CPG analysis showed also the presence of various fatty acids.On adult mosquitoes,significant insecticidal effects were observed with both aqueous and oil extracts of the two plant seeds compared to mortality induced by deltamethrin,an insecticide used as reference.Extracts of Annona muricata induced high mortality rate to both species of mosquito compared to extracts of Annona squamosa at all concentrations tested.The LC_(50) of seed extracts ranged from 1%to 5%for adults and 0.5%to 1%for larvae.Conclusions:The seed extracts of these two plants may be used as mosquito controlling agents and offer a new approach to a less costly,practical and environmentally friendly control of vector borne diseases.

SQUAMOSTATIN-B, A NEW POLYKETIDE FROM ANNONA SQUAMOSA (ANNONACEAE)

Squamostatin-B (1), a new polyketide or acetogenin, has been isolated from Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae). Its structure and relative atereochemistry were elucidated on the basis of the spectral analyses of 1 and its derivatives, the acetate (2) and mesitoate (3).

Muricatenol, a Linear Acetogenin from Annona muricata (Annonaceae)

Muricatenol 1, a new acetogenin, has been isolated from the seeds of Annona muricata L.. Compound 1 is a C-37 acetogenin without any THF rings. with four hydroxyls and one double bond in the long aliphatic chain. The hydroxyls of 1 are located at C-4, C-10, C-18 and C-19. respectively. The vicinal diet at C-18/C-19 is threo-configuration, and the double bond at C-14/C-15 is cis-configuration.

Two new species of Polyalthiopsis(Annonaceae) based on morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence,with a supplementary description of P.chinensis from China

Two new species of Polyalthiopsis(Annonaceae),P.nigra Y.H.Tan & Bin Yang from Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces and P.xui Y.H.Tan & Bin Yang from Yunnan Province,are described and illustrated.P.nigra is morphologically similar to P.chinensis in having narrowly elliptic-oblong,lemon to yellowish green petals,but differs by having obovoid monocarps,a higher number of leaf secondary veins,leaf blades usually widest above the middle,and a lower ratio of leaf blade length to width.P.xui is morphologically similar to P.floribunda in having axillary inflorescences,1-3(-4) flowers,elliptic leaves,and ellipticovate petals,but differs in the numbers of carpels per flower and ovules per carpel.The molecular phylogenetic analysis using five plastid markers confirm that the two new species belong to the genus Polyalthiopsis and show clear interspecific divergences between P.nigra and P.xui and between them and other species in the genus.Detailed descriptions,colored photographs,and habitat and distribution data for the two new species are provided.In addition,the fruit morphology of P.chinensis is described for the first time,based on living collections.Geographical distributions and a diagnostic key for all Polyalthiopsis species are also presented.

Phytochemical Constituents of the Stem Barks of Uvaria tortilis, an Endemic Annonaceae from Côte d’Ivoire

Uvaria tortilis is a lianescent annonaceous species endemic to the C&#244te d’Ivoire where it is used to treat amenorrhea and as uterotonic. Thus, the MeOH crude extract of its stem barks was investigated in order to determine the chemical composition. A new C-benzyl hydroxlated, uvriatortilisin (1), together with six known compounds, dichamanetin (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4), chamanetin (5), uvaretin (6) and (-)-epicatechin (7), were isolated. Structure of these compounds was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques, including IR, UV, MS and NMR (1D and 2D). Certain compounds could be considered to have chemotaxonomic value.

Systematic studies on the neotropical genus Fusaea (Baill.) Saff.(Annonaceae)

Fusaea occurs in Colombia, Venezuela, the three Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Brazi land Bolivia. It is found in non inundated and inundated rain forest at elevations from sea level to 600(-900)m. It is distinct from other related genera by its conspicuous ring of staminodes formed by the enlarged outer stamens, which is unique in the Annonaceae, and by an entirely fused calyx, combined with the fully syncarpous fruits with a basal collar. The general wood anatomical characters are in line with the very specific wood anatomy of the family, characterized by the tangential, concentric parenchyma bands. There is, however, one very specific feature in Fusaea : the small rhombic crystals in the ray cells. From the combined evidence from flower, fruit and pollen morphology, we can conclude that Fusaea is closely related to Duckeanthus, Duguetia, Pachypodanthium, Letestudoxa and probably Pseudartabotrys . Based on measurements of the diagnostic features on all the 158 available specimens identified either as F.longifolia or F.decurrens , we constructed three scatter diagrams to show the continuous variation of the distinguishing characters previously used. F.decurrens is obviously within the morphological variation range of F.longifolia , and is therefore brought into synonymy with the latter. Two species, i.e., F.longifolia and F.peruviana , are recognized in this genus.

圆滑番荔枝种子化学成分研究

目的 研究圆滑番荔枝 (Annonaglabra)种子的抗肿瘤活性成分。方法 利用色谱技术分离纯化 ,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定结构。结果 从己烷提取物鉴定 18个化合物 ,其中 14个为番荔素 :glabrencinA(1) ,bullatencin (2 ) ,glabrencinB (3) ,uvariamicin I (4) ,uvariamicin II (5 ) ,uvariamicin III (6 ) ,reticulatain 1(7) ,desacetyluvaricin (8) ,4 deoxyasimicin (9) ,asimicin (10 ) ,bullatacin (11) ,squamocin (12 ) ,motrilin (13) ,cherimolin 2(14 ) ;豆甾醇 (stigmasterol,15 )及脂肪酸酰胺混合物 :棕榈酸酰胺 (palmiticamide ,16 ) ,硬脂酸酰胺 (stearicamide,17)和花生酸酰胺 (arachidicamide ,18)。结论 glabrencinA (1) ,glabrencinB (3)为新番荔素 ;2 ,4～ 7,9,11,13,16～ 18是首次从该植物中分离得到。

大叶紫玉盘化学成分研究

目的 研究番荔枝科紫玉盘属植物大叶紫玉盘 (UvariamacrophyllaRoxb .)根的化学成分。方法 用硅胶色谱法分离化学成分 ,通过波谱方法 (IR ,UV ,EIMS ,1 HNMR ,1 3CNMR ,1 H 1 HCOSY ,HMQC ,NOESY ,HMBC)鉴定了他们的结构。结果 从氯仿的脱脂部分分离得到 7个化合物 ,其结构分别鉴定为 :大叶素 (1) ,onisyline (2 ) ,taraxerol (3) ,3,5 二甲氧基苄基苯甲酸酯 (4) ,苯甲酸 (5 ) ,β 谷甾醇 (6 )和胡萝卜苷 (7)。结论 大叶素为新化合物 ,其他

毛叶假鹰爪根化学成分的研究

目的：寻找番荔枝科假鹰爪属植物毛叶假鹰爪［ Ｄｅｓｍｏｓ ｄｕ ｍｏｓｕｓ （ Ｒｏｘｂ ．） Ｓａｆｆ］ 根抗肿瘤活性成分。方法：用硅胶柱色谱分离化学成分； Ｕ Ｖ， Ｉ Ｒ， Ｅ Ｉ Ｍ Ｓ，１ Ｈ Ｎ Ｍ Ｒ，１ ３ Ｃ Ｎ Ｍ Ｒ，１ Ｈ１ Ｈ Ｃ Ｏ Ｓ Ｙ， Ｈ Ｍ Ｑ Ｃ， Ｈ Ｍ Ｂ Ｃ， Ｎ Ｏ Ｅ Ｓ Ｙ 等方法鉴定结构。结果：从氯仿萃取物中分离鉴定了６ 个化合物，分别为２甲氧基３甲基４ ，６二羟基５（３′羟基） 肉桂酰基苯甲醛（ Ｉ） ，５羟基７甲氧基８甲酰基３苯甲酰基２ ，６二甲基２ Ｓ，３ Ｒ二氢色原酮（ Ｉ Ｉ） ，豆甾４烯３ ，６二酮（ Ｉ Ｉ Ｉ） ，豆甾烷３ ，６二酮（ Ｉ Ｖ） ，荠宁黄酮（ Ｖ） ，黄芩素７甲醚（ Ｖ Ｉ） 。结论：化合物 Ｉ Ｉ为新化合物，命名为毛叶假鹰爪素 Ａ。 Ｉ， Ｉ Ｉ Ｉ和 Ｉ Ｖ为首次从本种植物中得到。 Ｉ Ｉ Ｉ有细胞毒活性。

瘤果紫玉盘中的酰胺类化学成分

瘤果紫玉盘(Uvaria kweichowensis)为番荔枝科紫玉盘属植物,在民间广泛应用于癌症、贫血和炎症的治疗,通过研究瘤果紫玉盘的化学成分,阐明其活性成分,为开发其资源提供科学依据。应用溶剂提取法,硅胶和Sephadex LH-20等多种色谱技术进行反复分离纯化,根据理化性质和现代波谱技术(EI-MS,1H NMR,13C NMR)进行结构鉴定,从瘤果紫玉盘茎中分离得到6个酰胺类化合物,分别鉴定为紫玉盘双酰胺(1),赛法酮(2),马兜铃酸内酰胺AⅡ(3),因特洛卡内酰胺Ⅱ(4),马兜铃酸内酰胺A Ia(5)和4,5-dioxodehydroasimilobine(6)。其中化合物1为新化合物,2～6均为首次从该植物中分离得到。

中国番荔枝科8属植物叶的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)对中国番荔枝科 8属 2 8种植物叶表皮的微形态进行了观察比较研究。结果表明 8属植物叶片的表皮微形态在属级水平上较为稳定且具有较明显的属间差异。紫玉盘属具有星状毛 ;哥纳香属具有盾状毛和单列丝状毛两种类型表皮毛 ;蒙蒿子属具有棍棒状毛 ;而其它属只具有单列丝状毛 ;瓜馥木属叶远轴面表皮细胞外平周壁中央均向外突起形成一个乳突 ;鹰爪花属的气孔器具有双拱盖 ;银钩花属和蕉木属的气孔器突起 ,但前者的表皮细胞垂周壁直 ,而后者表皮细胞垂周壁深波状 ;金钩花属气孔器周围的角质层呈瘤状突起。因此 ,可以利用这些叶表皮的微形态特征将

海南哥纳香抗癌有效成分研究

从番荔枝科（Ａｎｎｏｎａｃｅａｅ）哥纳香属植物海南哥纳香（ＧｏｎｉｏｔｈａｌａｍｕｓｈｏｗｉＭｅｒ）树皮中分离出２种苯乙烯吡喃酮类新化合物，分别命名为海南哥纳香醇甲（ＨｏｗｉｎｏｌＡ，Ｉ）和海南哥纳香酯甲（ＨｏｗｉｎｉｎＡ，Ｉ）。药理实验表明海南哥纳香醇甲对多种瘤株体内体外实验均显示较明显的抗肿瘤活性。

番荔枝科10种植物叶表皮结构的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,对番荔枝科10种植物的叶表皮结构进行了观察。结果如下:表皮细胞近等径多角形或不规则形,垂周壁直、弧形、浅波状、波状或深波状。瓜馥木和香港瓜馥木叶片远轴面表皮细胞平周壁形成乳突。有的植物表皮细胞内具棱晶或晶簇。气孔器全部为平列型,具2-6个副卫细胞,除鹰爪花近轴面、远轴面均具气孔器外,其它9种植物的气孔器仅分布在远轴面,有的植物还具有双气孔器或败育的气孔器类型。除圆滑番荔枝外,其它9种的表皮均具表皮毛。表皮毛有单细胞毛、单列多细胞毛、2列多细胞毛、棍棒状毛和星状毛等类型。研究结果表明,10种植物的表皮细胞形状,垂周壁的式样,平周壁是否具乳突,表皮细胞内晶体的有无及其类型,近轴面是否具气孔器,表皮毛的类型等方面存在着种间差异,这些特征可以作为种间甚至属间分类和系统关系探讨的依据。

番荔枝种子化学成分研究

目的 研究药用植物番荔枝(AnnonasquamosaL)种子的抗肿瘤活性成分。方法 利用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化, 根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定化学结构。结果 从乙醇提取物分离鉴定了 11个番荔素:squamocenin(1), annotemoyin- 2 (2), reticulatain- 2 (3), squamocin- I(4), squamocin -B(5), squamocin(6), motrilin(7), squamostatin -D(8), squamostatin- E(9), cherimolin -1 (10)和cherimolin -2 (11)。结论 Squamocenin(1)为新番荔素; annotemoyin- 2 (2)和reticulatain -2 (3)是首次报道该植物含有的化合物。

大叶假鹰爪根化学成分研究(I)

目的 :寻找番荔枝科假鹰爪属植物大叶假鹰爪的抗肿瘤活性成分。方法 :硅胶柱色谱法分离 ,理化性质及波谱分析等方法鉴定结构。结果 :从石油醚和氯仿萃取物中分离鉴定了 6个化合物 ,为 5 ,7 二羟基 6 甲酰基 8 甲基双氢黄酮、5 ,7 二羟基 8 甲酰基 6 甲基双氢黄酮、去甲氧杜鹃花素、苯甲酸、β 谷甾醇和豆甾醇。 结论 :均为本植物中首次分得 ,3个双氢黄酮均为A 环全取代、B 环未取代 ,具有假鹰爪属植物黄酮类成分的特征性。

乌藤化学成分研究

目的 研究乌藤 Uvaria tonkinensis var.subglabra的化学成分。方法 利用硅胶柱层析 ,Sephadex L H- 2 0分离得到 9个化合物 ,通过光谱数据分析。结果 鉴定为棕榈酸 ( )、硬脂酸 ( )、二十四烷酸 ( )、β-谷甾醇 ( )、β-胡萝卜苷 ( )、4 -烯 - 3-酮豆甾烷 ( )、4 ,2 2 -二烯 - 3-酮豆甾烷 ( )、甘油 ( )、4 -烯 - 3,6 -二酮豆甾烷 ( )。结论 化合物 、 、 、 、 、

假鹰爪枝中新的氧化阿朴菲生物碱

目的 :研究假鹰爪枝的化学成分。方法 :采用硅胶柱层析及SephadexLH 2 0等色谱技术分离和纯化化合物 ,根据理化性质及近代波谱学方法法鉴定结构。结果 :从假鹰爪枝的氯仿萃取部分分离得到 5个化合物 ,其中两个氧化阿朴菲生物碱为 3,9,11 三甲氧基 1,2 亚甲二氧基氧化阿朴菲 (3,9,11 trimethoxy 1,2 methylene dioxyloxoaporphine ,1) ,oxoanolobin(2 ) ,两个黄酮类化合物分别为荠黄酮 (mosloflavone ,3) ,黄芩素 7 甲醚 (negletein ,4 ) ,一个甾醇为 β 谷甾醇 (β sitosterol,5 )。结论 :化合物 1为新化合物 ,化合物 2在该属植物中首次发现。

鹰爪种子化学成分的研究

目的 研究药用植物鹰爪Artabotryshexapetalus (L .f.)Bhandari的化学成分。 方法 利用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化 ,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果 从鹰爪种子分得 4种木脂素 :异洋商陆素A(isoamericaninA ,1)、异洋商陆醇A (isoamericaninolA ,2 )、洋商陆素B (americaninB ,3)、鹰爪木脂醇(artabotrycinol,4) ,以及 (R) 鹰爪三醇 [(R) artabotriol,5 ]、棕榈酸 ( 6 )、β 谷甾醇 ( 7)和胡萝卜苷 ( 8)等。 结论 鹰爪木脂醇 ( 4)和鹰爪三醇 ( 5 )为新化合物 ,其余