Numerical Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Biofouled Full-Scale Net Cage

The effect of biofouling on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the net cage is of particular interest as biofouled nettings can significantly reduce flow of well-oxygenated water reaching the stocked fish. For computational efficiency, the porous-media fluid model is proposed to simulate flow through the biofouled plane net and full-scale net cage. The porous coefficients of the porous-media fluid model can be determined from the quadratic-function relationship between the hydrodynamic forces on a plane net and the flow velocity using the least squares method. In this study, drag forces on and flow fields around five plane nets with different levels of biofouling are calculated by use of the proposed model. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data of Swift et al.（2006） and the effectiveness of the numerical model is presented. On that basis, flow through full-scale net cages with the same level of biofouling as the tested plane nets are modeled. The flow fields inside and around biofouled net cages are analyzed and the drag force acting on a net cage is estimated by a control volume analysis method. According to the numerical results, empirical formulas of reduction in flow velocity and load on a net cage are derived as function of drag coefficient of the corresponding biofouled netting.

Three-dimensional path following control system for net cage inspection using bionic robotic fish

With the increasing impacts of overfishing and environmental pollution,the deep-sea cage culture of marine fishes has become an important direction of mariculture.In this paper,a tuna-like robotic fish with a three-dimensional helix path-following control system is designed for deep-sea net cage inspection.To mimic the flexibility of the fish’s movement,the kinematic model of the robotic fish adopts a tuna-like double-joint design with an addi-tional thruster device at the tail.Since the descending interval control plays a critical role in deep-sea net cage inspection,the control system utilizes the proportion integration differ-entiation(PID)based fuzzy logic control method to control the descending interval and yaw angle during the helix path movement.A polar coordinate path definition method is also proposed to simplify the reference path definition during net cage inspection.The experi-mental results demonstrates that the proposed three-dimensional path-following model can conduct net inspection task in an interferential environment and move along prede-fined reference path.

重力式深水网箱布局参数理论计算及影响因素分析

网箱规划布局是海水养殖全链条中的关键一环,不仅涉及到养殖产出效益,更是影响设施安全的关键因素。重力式深水网箱在未来一定时期内仍是深远海养殖的主要设施类型,有关其规划布局大多依靠以往的工程经验积累,缺乏一定的理论依据支撑。将重力式深水网箱布局分为交叉式布局和无交叉布局,从理论角度分别给出不同布局形式下网箱部分布局参数及相应的计算公式,并据此分析系泊缆根数、系泊长度以及安全控制距离等不同布局参数对规划海域网箱间距及海域利用率的影响。结果显示,随着系泊缆根数、系泊长度及安全控制距离的变化,交叉式布局网箱海域利用率相对于无交叉布局更为敏感;交叉式布局的海域利用率明显大于无交叉布局,但目前仍建议采用安全性更高的无交叉布局。

网衣对自升式桁架网箱结构响应的影响

自升式桁架网箱凭借便于将养殖箱体下潜入水的结构特性,为更好地适应深远海养殖极端环境提供了一种选择。网衣作为桁架网箱关键部件,通过纲绳系缚于桁架管上,在外部环境载荷作用下可能会对网箱主体结构强度产生影响。针对一种自升式桁架网箱,基于SESAM/GeniE建立其有限元分析模型,分析了在有无网衣及不同网衣参数条件下的网箱主体结构响应。结果表明:网衣对网箱主体结构响应评估存在较大影响,尤其在流速较高时,网衣阻力大幅增加,直接影响网箱桩腿受力和桁架利用系数(Utilization factor,UF)值,证明在校核网箱主体结构强度时不可忽略网衣的作用;不同网目群化比下,网衣对自升式深海网箱整体结构响应评估结果影响不大,在网箱主体结构响应仿真计算中可以考虑使用较大的网衣群化比来提升计算效率;网衣系缚纲绳数量变化对网箱主体结构的响应评估基本无影响,但增加系缚纲绳可以有效减少纲绳受力。

基于Gazebo的深海网箱洗网机器人动力学仿真平台搭建

深海网箱养殖是重要的海水养殖模式,网箱网衣的定期清洗是确保养殖质量和安全的关键环节。目前,网衣普遍采用人工清洗,不仅费时费力,且随着深海网箱规格越来越大,人工方式难度显著提升。洗网机器人为深海网箱网衣清洗提供了更加安全、便捷的方式;然而,洗网机器人在贴网清洁和水下穿梭过程中,受力难建模、状态难观测,设计抗扰动能力强、能耗低的控制器困难,开展全面实验及数据记录成本高、时间长。针对上述问题,在物理仿真环境Gazebo的基础上,考虑了推进器和洗盘的存在,并分析了在水下环境中诸如附加质量、阻尼等各项水动力学特性以及流场环境等因素对洗网机器人的影响,构建了一套洗网机器人仿真系统,使得洗网机器人水下工作完备数据易获得、控制性能易验证、模型性能易对比,从而助力洗网机器人的控制器开发。

深水网箱网衣清洗装备关键部件设计及试验

针对我国深远海大型网箱养殖网衣清洗装备缺乏的难题,基于高压射流空化原理,研制了一种双体深水网箱网衣清洗装备。采用数学建模及物理试验方法,建立了清洗装备关键部件的水动力特性分析方程,开展清洗装备水下清洗试验,探究了不同工况下的喷嘴孔径、喷嘴与转盘夹角(喷嘴轴线与分流转盘盘面所呈角度)、靶距对清洗装备污损生物清洁率的影响。结果表明:网衣挂板污损生物去除率受靶距、喷嘴孔径、喷嘴和转盘夹角等多因素影响,试验参数范围内网衣清洗装备污损生物去除率为30.26%~72.55%;试验范围内喷嘴孔径为1.0 mm,喷嘴与转盘夹角为60°,靶距为0 cm时网衣挂板污损生物去除率最大,靶距对网衣挂板污损生物去除率的影响最为显著。贝类污损生物在清洗装备空化射流冲击作用下主要以壳体破碎形式脱落,网面主要残留物为具有较强吸附力的软质足丝盘。研究结果进一步优化了水下清洗装备系统的参数配置,为网衣清洗装备的设计提供了理论支撑。

配重系统对HDPE圆形重力式网箱水动力特性影响研究

重力式网箱在强水流作用下的容积保持率关系到养殖鱼类健康生长,而网箱不同配重系统与其容积保持率、网箱阻力息息相关。为探究不同配重系统对网箱水动力特性的影响,本研究采用田内准则,通过模型试验研究了周长40 m的HDPE圆形重力式网箱在4种不同配重系统下其容积保持率、网箱阻力与流速之间的关系。结果显示:随着流速和配重量的增加,4种配重类型下网箱箱体的阻力均逐渐增大,并且阻力与流速之间呈现幂函数关系;与采用沉子配重的箱体相比,采用铁链配重的网箱在配重总量逐渐增加时,其阻力变化不大;当流速超过28.3 cm/s时,“底框+撑网圈+沉子”这种配重组合方式能够实现网箱容积保持率的最大化,在最大试验流速为70.7 cm/s以及3种不同配重重量条件下,分别能够保持有效容积的65.96%、69.10%和71.72%,此外,采用上述配重系统的网箱在特定流速和配重量下,其单位体积阻力最小,表现出最佳性能;经无量纲化处理发现箱体阻力与有效容积之间呈现出显著的负相关性。研究结果为HDPE重力式网箱的配重系统设计和应用提供了有益的参考依据。

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response of Supple Nets

A simulation method based on the lumped mass model is proposed for determining the dynamic behavior of nets exposed to a uniform current. Every mesh bar is modeled by a linear bar clement. The lumped mass point is set at the ends of each element. The net can be simulated by a discretized model consisting of many point masses and elements without mass. 3D shapes and the distribution of tensions of the net at different moments can be found from time integration of a set of motion equations with a computer program. Two nets are simulated according to reference experiments. Calculated results are in accordance with experimental results. The method is applicable and can be applied to improving design of, and research into other flexible structures, such as net cages.

Comparative Study of Two Approaches to Model the Offshore Fish Cages

The goal of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of two commonly used approaches to discretize offshore fish cages： the lumped-mass approach and the finite element technique. Two case studies are chosen to compare predictions of the LMA（lumped-mass approach） and FEA（finite element analysis） based numerical modeling techniques. In both case studies, we consider several loading conditions consisting of different uniform currents and monochromatic waves. We investigate motion of the cage, its deformation, and the resultant tension in the mooring lines. Both model predictions are sufficient close to the experimental data, but for the first experiment, the DUT-Flex Sim predictions are slightly more accurate than the ones provided by Aqua-FETM. According to the comparisons, both models can be successfully utilized to the design and analysis of the offshore fish cages provided that an appropriate safety factor is chosen.

深度边缘光谱U-Net海水网箱养殖信息提取

网箱养殖是海水养殖的重要类型之一,传统网箱养殖目标光谱特征受近岸植被、水体影响较大,易出现噪声问题。新型深海网箱养殖目标离岸较远,但养殖目标海面框体部分较小,与自然水体光谱相似性较高,难以实现有效提取。本文提出深度边缘光谱U-Net模型对两种海水网箱养殖类型进行养殖信息提取。该模型通过Canny算子双边滤波算法去除波段运算后冗余光谱信息,提取边缘光谱特征并利用U-Net跳跃连接结构将其与深度卷积网络特征相融合,经softmax分类器逐像素分类实现网箱养殖信息提取。以海南近岸网箱养殖与深海网箱养殖为研究对象进行养殖信息提取,经实验对比所提方法在传统近岸网箱目标上精确度达到97.35%,新型深海网箱目标上提取精度达98.99%,其提取结果明显优于传统无监督算法和典型深度学习网络模型。

Dynamic Analysis for the Global Performance of An SPM-Feeder-Cage System Under Waves and Currents

In the present study, the dynamic response of a coupled SPM-feeder-cage system under irregular waves and shear currents is analyzed. A numerical model is developed by using the commercial software Orca Flex. Hydrodynamics coefficients of the vessel are calculated by using a 3D diffraction/radiation panel program. First- and second-order wave forces are included in the calculations. Morison equation is used to compute the drag force on line elements representing the net. Drag coefficients are determined at every time step in the simulation considering the relative normal velocity between the structural elements and the fluid flow. The dynamic response of the coupled system is analyzed for various environments and net materials. The results of the study show the effects of solidity ratio of the net and vertical positions of the cage on the overall dynamic response of the system, confirming the viability of this type of configuration for future development of offshore aquaculture in deep waters.

船型网箱运动-波浪场扰动-网衣受力耦合动力响应特性

船型网箱是一种由大型浮体、钢架、网衣系统及系泊系统构成的新型海洋养殖结构.大型浮体在波浪中产生的绕射和辐射作用会对波浪场产生扰动,进而改变网衣受力,这种相互作用此前还未被研究过.本文基于势流理论求得绕射波和辐射波在网衣周围波浪场的速度传递函数,同时采用莫里森方程求解计及波浪场扰动的网衣水动力载荷;对网衣水动力载荷与浮体运动不断迭代计算,实现计及网箱运动-波浪场扰动-网衣受力耦合效应的船型网箱动力响应分析;最后,研究了不同幅值的规则波下这种耦合效应对网箱运动、网衣张力、容积损失和连接器载荷的影响规律.结果发现:波浪场扰动对网箱运动和容积损失的影响不明显,但是会导致网衣张力和连接器载荷明显增大,这能够为船型网箱的结构强度校核及安全设计提供指导.

海水养殖网箱防污损生物技术的研究进展

海水养殖网箱上的污损生物过多时,会影响网箱内外水体的交换、缩短网衣的使用寿命,甚至危害养殖生物的健康。如何解决网箱污损生物的附着成为了海水养殖网箱使用的一个难题。本文简述了国内外海水养殖网箱防污损生物技术的现状,重点介绍了机械清除法、涂料防污法、金属合金网衣防污法等海水养殖网箱防污损生物技术的研究进展,同时指出了当前海水养殖网箱防污损生物技术所面临的问题并给予了建议,旨在为海水养殖网箱的防污损生物技术以及海水养殖业的可持续性健康发展提供参考。

气力输送投饵机发展现状

列举国内外的气力输送投饵机研究成果,介绍了气力输送的影响因素,并列举了CFD-DEM仿真对气力输送投饵机设计的辅助作用,发现CFD-DEM仿真中将颗粒视为离散的实体,采用离散元法(DEM)对颗粒间的相互作用进行描述,采用计算流体力学的方法(CFD)对颗粒-流体的相互作用进行描述。该耦合方法的优点是能够将颗粒的形状、尺寸和密度等因素纳入其中,使其对多相流的数值模拟更为精确。

海水养殖网箱用铜合金生产实践及应用

海水网箱养殖是水产养殖中一种重要模式,也是我国水产养殖绿色可持续发展必然选择的方向之一。海水网箱网衣的使用环境要求铜合金具有良好的耐蚀性以及加工成型性。通过对海水养殖用铜合金成分设计及材料制备工艺研究,制备出抑菌耐蚀铜合金,板材经过加工后形成网衣,最终应用于海水网箱养殖。海水养殖用耐蚀铜合金作为未来海水养殖装备的重要组成部分,在深远海养殖的可持续发展中扮演着不可或缺的重要角色,对提高海洋渔业资源利用率具有重要的意义。

The Characteristics of Storm Wave Behavior and Its Effect on Cage Culture Using the ADCIRC+SWAN Model in Houshui Bay, China

The current storm wave hazard assessment tends to rely on a statistical method using wave models and fewer historical data which do not consider the effects of tidal and storm surge.In this paper,the wave-current coupled model ADCIRC+SWAN was used to hindcast storm events in the last 30 years.We simulated storm wave on the basis of a large set of historical storms in the North-West Pacific Basin between 1985 and 2015 in Houshui Bay using the wave-current coupled model ADCIRC+SWAN to obtain the storm wave level maps.The results were used for the statistical analysis of the maximum significant wave heights in Houshui Bay and the behavior of wave associated with storm track.Comparisons made between observations and simulated results during typhoon Rammasun(2014)indicate agreement.In addition,results demonstrate that significant wave height in Houshui Bay is dominated by the storm wind velocity and the storm track.Two groups of synthetic storm tracks were designed to further investigate the worst case of typhoon scenarios.The storm wave analysis method developed for the Houshui Bay is significant in assisting government's decision-making in rational planning of deep sea net-cage culture.The method can be applied to other bays in the Hainan Island as well.

A Model for the Calculation of Velocity Reduction Behind A Plane Fishing Net

A model for the calculation of velocity reduction behind a fishing net is proposed in this paper. Comparisons are made between the calculated results and experimental data. It is shown that by the application of the effective adjacent area coefficient of fluid flowing around a solid structure to the fishing net, the calculated results agree well with the experimental data. The model proposed in this paper can also be applied to the analysis of the velocity reduction within a fishing cage and can be introduced into the numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic behavior of fishing cages for the improvement of computational accuracy.

标准化安全措施在超高层钢结构建筑中的应用

北京某超高层项目采用框筒结构,核心筒为钢板墙暗柱,外框为钢柱钢梁楼层板框架结构。施工过程中核心筒钢板墙施工在上部,外框钢柱钢梁施工在中部,外框楼层板施工在下部,其余土建机电施工紧随钢结构。因此各工序交叉作业频繁,容易产生物体打击、高空坠落、机械伤害、触电、火灾等安全隐患。本文通过某项目为实例,论述该项目为消除隐患,采用高空焊接平台、装配式水平通道、钢板墙操作平台、外挑网、焊机房、屯料平台、钢梁焊接挂笼、爬梯等标准化安全措施,以供相关人员参考。

基于改进YOLOv7的网箱网衣破损识别方法

网箱网衣极易破损,一旦破损未及时修补,会给养殖户造成巨大的经济损失。为实现智能化网箱网衣破损检测,本研究提出一种基于改进YOLOv7的网箱网衣破损识别方法。该方法通过在Backbone网络使用gnConv结构、Neck网络引入SimAM模块来提升模型表达能力更好聚焦网衣破损处的特征,提高模型的检测精度。Backbone网络使用深度可分离卷积,并减少激活函数和改变卷积步长,同时在Neck网络利用Bottleneck模块使用1×1卷积核的特点和使用性能更佳的Mish激活函数重构模型,以减少参数量和运算成本,实现模型检测速度的提升及尺寸的压缩。通过消融试验和对比试验结果显示,YOLOv7-C3NeHX比原YOLOv7算法的平均精度提高了3.1个百分点,精确率、召回率与F 1值分别提升了0.5、4.2与3个百分点,检测速度达到了232.56FPS,GFLOPs和模型尺寸分别占原YOLOv7的38.2%和94.3%。研究表明,改进模型能有效提高识别效率和部署的灵活性,为智能网衣修补机器人的研发提供技术支持。

柔性网衣结构变形影响因素数值模拟研究

为解决柔性网衣在水流作用下容易产生较大变形,不利于网箱内鱼类生长的问题,本文利用Orcaflex软件对网衣结构变形进行了数值计算分析,并将计算结果与Kristiansen等[10]的水槽试验和Cristian数值模拟结果进行比较,验证了数值计算的准确性,再利用“九点空间坐标法”计算了不同流速和配重情况下网箱体积剩余系数,定量分析了流速和配重对网衣变形的影响。结果表明:在低流速情况下,体积剩余系数可达0.997;在高流速情况下,体积剩余系数可达0.652;同时,在流速为0.3 m/s的情况下,增加40 g配重可以将网箱体积剩余系数从0.612提高到0.684,对网衣变形程度的影响高达10%。由此得出,流速是影响网衣变形的主要因素,流速越大,网衣变形情况越严重,在高速情况下,配重是改善网衣变形的重要因素。