室间隔缺损并心力衰竭时红细胞钙离子代谢变化

目的探讨室间隔缺损（VSD）合并心力衰竭（心衰）患儿红细胞钙离子的代谢变化。方法正常对照组12人．VSD无心衰组10人，VSD合并心衰组21人。测定其红细胞内Ca2＋浓度（[Ca2＋]）、45Ca跨膜流动及膜ATPase活性。结果VSD合并心衰时红细胞内[Ca2＋]及45Ca净摄取较对照组显著增加，45Ca单向性内流无变化，而膜Ca2＋－Mg2＋ATPase和Na＋－K＋ATPase活性则明显下降。结论心衰时细胞内[Ca2＋]增高不是细胞膜对Ca2＋的通透性改变所致，而与细胞排Ca2＋能力下降有关；VSD并心衰患儿细胞内Ca2＋代谢变化是由于VSD导致血液动力学改变后，引起机体代谢变化，而随之发生变化的。

双向电缆网络的设计要点和方法步骤

通过对CATV双向电缆网络反向回传通道中汇集噪声和汇集均衡的产生、影响和解决办法的探讨,说明双向电缆传输网络的设计要点和方法步骤。

Carbon Dioxide Concentrations and Light Levels on Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Juvenile Cacao Genotypes

In many countries cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is invariably grown as an understory crop in agroforestry types of cropping systems and subjected to low levels photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) due to presence of large number of upper story shade trees with poorly managed canopy structure. In recent years carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is steadily increasing and it is unclear what impact this will have on performance of cacao grown under shade of upper story shade trees. A climatically controlled greenhouse experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effects of ambient and elevated carbon dioxide (400 and 700 μmol·mol-1) and three levels of PPFD (100, 200, and 400 μmol·m-2·s-1) on growth, and macro- and micronutrient use efficiency of three genetically contrasting cacao genotypes (CCN 51, VB 1117 and NO 81). Intraspecific variations were observed in cacao genotypes for growth parameters at ambient to elevated carbon dioxide and low to adequate levels of PPFD. With the exceptions of total root length and leaf area, irrespective of carbon dioxide and PPFD levels, all three genotypes showed significant differences in all the growth parameters. For all the cacao genotypes, increasing PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol·m-2·s-1 and carbon dioxide from 400 to 700 μmol·mol-1 increased overall growth parameters such as leaf, shoot and root biomass accumulation, stem height, leaf area, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Irrespective of carbon dioxide and PPFD, invariably genotypes differed significantly in macro-micronutrient uptake parameters such as concentration, uptake, influx, transport and use efficiency. With few exceptions, raising PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol·m-2·s-1 and carbon dioxide from 400 to 700 μmol·mol-1 increased nutrient use efficiency for all the cacao genotypes. Elevated carbon dioxide and adequate PPFD are beneficial in improving cacao growth and mineral nutrient uptake and use efficiency.

水氮耦合效应对红桦幼苗生长的影响及其生理机制

在全球大气氮沉降日益加剧的背景下,研究川西亚高山地区主要阔叶树种红桦(Betual albo-sinensis)幼苗在不同水、氮供应下的形态变化和生理机制,以了解该区主要植被的生长特性,并可为森林生态系统的恢复重建提供一定的科学依据.采用两因素随机区组试验设计,设置5个水分梯度,即40%(W1)、50%(W2)、60%(W3)、80%(W4)、100%(W5)的土壤田间持水量(FC)和3个施氮梯度,即模拟氮沉降施加N 0(N0)、20(N1)、40(N2)g m-2 a-1的硝酸铵.结果显示:土壤水分和氮素及二者交互作用对生长和生理特征均具有显著(P<0.001)影响.表现为:1)幼苗生长(株高和基径)、叶片碳同化特征(最大净光合速率、叶绿素含量和叶片氮含量)及根系生理特征[呼吸速率、NH+4和NO-3净吸收速率及根系硝酸还原酶(NR)活性]均随土壤水分增加而增大,且在土壤水分为W4和W5时达到最大.根冠比的变化呈相反趋势.2)施氮在土壤水分不足(W1和W2)时除对基径、NO-3净吸收速率和NR活性无影响外,显著抑制了红桦株高及叶片和根系生理特征.而在水分充足(W4和W5)时,除N2在土壤水分W4时对叶片生理特征和根系呼吸速率无影响外,对红桦的生长和根系生理特征有显著的促进作用,且N1效果更显著.在W3时两种施氮浓度效果不同:N1对红桦的生长和相关生理特性具有促进作用而N2呈抑制作用(除对根系NH+4和NO-3净吸收速率及NR活性无影响外).根冠比变化呈相反趋势.3)根系离子(NH+4和NO-3)净吸收速率与根系呼吸速率和叶片氮含量呈极显著正相关.本研究表明,土壤水分和氮素供应对植物的影响存在显著的耦合效应,当土壤水分不足时施氮不利于红桦幼苗生长,而适量的施氮在水分充足时有利于生长.对于供试土壤以及本试验设置的水、氮梯度而言,土壤含水量为80%田间持水量,施加N 20 g m-2 a-1更适宜红桦幼苗生长.

不同铁营养状态对小金海棠镉吸收的影响

采用非损伤微测技术对不同铁营养状态(正常供铁、缺铁和高铁)下苹果小金海棠(Malus xiaojinensis)水培苗根部镉吸收速率和植株不同部位镉含量进行了测定,并采用半定量RT-PCR研究MxIRT1在不同铁营养状态下的表达变化。结果表明:正常供铁培养条件下,小金海棠根部各区镉吸收速率有明显差异,分生区>伸长区>成熟区;缺铁培养条件下,小金海棠植株根部分生区和伸长区镉吸收速率明显增加,成熟区无明显变化,植株地上部和根部镉积累增加;高铁培养条件下,小金海棠植株根部分生区和伸长区镉吸收速率明显降低,成熟区无明显变化,植株地上部和根部镉积累减少。铁转运蛋白编码基因MxIRT1在不同铁营养状态下表达水平存在明显差异,推测铁营养可能通过调控基因MxIRT1的表达影响重金属镉的吸收。