This paper aims to derive the optimal switching strategy for production system considering efficiency, delivery time and green evaluation. Nowadays more and more manufacturing and logistics systems not only pursue bet...This paper aims to derive the optimal switching strategy for production system considering efficiency, delivery time and green evaluation. Nowadays more and more manufacturing and logistics systems not only pursue better work efficiency, but also focus on green energy evaluation issues. Cost reduction and shortening of delivery time are always important management issues in pursuit of efficiency and optimization of the entire production system because of global production competition. In a market situation where customer needs change in various ways, in particular, due to inadequate quality, changes in the local environment, natural disasters and so on. Therefore, prompt planning of management measures such as switching work processes and changing production methods has become an important issue. On the other hand, since the Paris Agreement came into effect, the construction of an environment-friendly production system has been required as an approach to environmental problems such as global warming. In this paper, we propose an optimum switching model of production systems considering efficiency, delivery time and green evaluation using a green evaluation index (GEC: Green Energy Coefficient). We also discuss the optimal switching strategy by numerical observation.展开更多
Fault detection in optical burst switching （OBS） networks will be a challenging task in the future. A novel mechanism based on probe burst （PB） and a new key concept is proposed to detect faults of OBS networks by...Fault detection in optical burst switching （OBS） networks will be a challenging task in the future. A novel mechanism based on probe burst （PB） and a new key concept is proposed to detect faults of OBS networks by sampling the health of data channels, which solve the difficulty of optical monitoring schemes while keeps the transparency of data network to Internet protocol （IP） packets. It takes full advantage of the characteristics of OBS, including architecture and signalling scheme, and introduces the excellent performances of single-hop-test used in electrical communication networks into OBS environment while avoids the shortcoming that any optical burst must undergo an optical-electric-optical （OEO） conversion. Well designed PB can provide exact criterion for judging whether protection/restoration should be excuted according to hard or soft fault identification.展开更多
Around the world energy sustainability and environment protection face many challenges due to the continuously increasing population and energy demands, where the demanding rate of energy increases by at least 2.3% pe...Around the world energy sustainability and environment protection face many challenges due to the continuously increasing population and energy demands, where the demanding rate of energy increases by at least 2.3% per year. According to statistical data, until 2035, fossil fuels still are the main source of energy consumption. Burning fossil fuels produces the greenhouse gas of carbon dioxide as a byproduct. CO<sub>2</sub> emissions have a dangerous effect on both human health and the natural environmental balance. There are many types of clean energy like solar, biofuel, and wind energy. The major limitations of using these types, their availability depends on climate conditions and their production rate is inadequate for energy demand. For any country, energy resources’ availability and economic conditions imposed on projects’ prioritization. Application of energy management and emissions control techniques for industrial unit can limit fuel combustion environmental effects and transfer this fossil fuel to an eco-friendly type. In this work, we applied Green Energy Model GEM to the Hydrotreater Unit of the refinery, GEM is composed of four techniques. Which are Heat Exchangers Networks Synthesis [HENS], Fuel Switching, Thermal Insulation application, and Carbon Captures Storage [CCS]. Where they reduce energy consumption by the rate of 3% - 34% and control CO2 emissions by the rate of 26% - 90%. This model is a radical way to face climate change challenges and practical solutions for both energy and environmental crises.展开更多
目的·构建成人重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)患者转出后(ICU后患者)的早期症状网络;辨别网络中的核心症状和桥梁症状,对比综合ICU和心脏监护病房(coronary care unit,CCU)2个亚组的症状网络,分析症状的发生情况。方法...目的·构建成人重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)患者转出后(ICU后患者)的早期症状网络;辨别网络中的核心症状和桥梁症状,对比综合ICU和心脏监护病房(coronary care unit,CCU)2个亚组的症状网络,分析症状的发生情况。方法·于2022年12月—2023年8月,从上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院综合ICU和CCU转入普通病房3 d(±48 h)的成人患者中方便抽样328例。采用患者一般情况和临床资料调查表、症状调查问卷(由医院焦虑抑郁量表、疲劳严重程度量表、理查兹-坎贝尔睡眠量表、疼痛数字评分法组成)对患者进行调查。基于Spearman相关性分析和GLASSO算法构建同期症状网络,计算网络的中心性指标,对比亚组症状网络的差异,并进行网络的边线准确性和中心性指标稳定性检验。结果·共收集有效问卷302份,问卷有效率92.1%。中心性指标计算结果显示,ICU后患者的早期症状网络中,强度最高的是“感到振奋和愉快”(rS=1.145),紧密性最高的是“对以往感兴趣的事情仍然有兴趣”(rC=1.851×10^(−3)),预期影响最高的是“疲劳影响体能”(rE=1.143)。桥梁强度前3位的是“心中充满烦恼”(rb=10.392)、“对以往感兴趣的事情仍然有兴趣”(rb=10.359)和疼痛(rb=10.221)。综合ICU和CCU患者转入普通病房后的早期症状网络在网络结构(M=0.289)和整体连接强度(GS综合ICU=13.876,GSCCU=13.838;S=0.039)上差异无统计学意义;对比亚组的中心性指标,除5个症状表现的强度和预期影响差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)外,其他指标间差异均无统计学意义。ICU后患者早期症状网络的边线准确性和中心性指标稳定性良好。结论·成人ICU后患者早期的核心症状为焦虑和抑郁,疼痛是桥梁症状之一。综合ICU和CCU患者转出后的早期症状发生情况差异不大。医护人员要关注ICU后患者早期的不适症状,针对性开展干预以提升患者的舒适体验,促进其康复进程。展开更多
文章旨在探讨基于交换机实现的虚拟局域网(Virtual Local Area Network,VLAN),讨论VLAN的概念及其实现原理、不同VLAN之间的通信技术、VLAN的配置技术、VLAN的优点和缺点等方面。通过文献研究和调查企业网络管理需求,文章确定使用基于...文章旨在探讨基于交换机实现的虚拟局域网(Virtual Local Area Network,VLAN),讨论VLAN的概念及其实现原理、不同VLAN之间的通信技术、VLAN的配置技术、VLAN的优点和缺点等方面。通过文献研究和调查企业网络管理需求,文章确定使用基于交换机实现的VLAN技术的合理性。文章选用适当的交换机设备,利用该设备的特点和功能,建立VLAN网络,并在此基础上进行网络管理,测试各项功能并收集实验数据,进行充分分析与比较。经过实验,发现基于交换机实现的VLAN技术能够实现对网络的分段管理,具有较高的安全性和管理性。同时,实验数据也证明该技术的可行性和有效性。展开更多
文摘This paper aims to derive the optimal switching strategy for production system considering efficiency, delivery time and green evaluation. Nowadays more and more manufacturing and logistics systems not only pursue better work efficiency, but also focus on green energy evaluation issues. Cost reduction and shortening of delivery time are always important management issues in pursuit of efficiency and optimization of the entire production system because of global production competition. In a market situation where customer needs change in various ways, in particular, due to inadequate quality, changes in the local environment, natural disasters and so on. Therefore, prompt planning of management measures such as switching work processes and changing production methods has become an important issue. On the other hand, since the Paris Agreement came into effect, the construction of an environment-friendly production system has been required as an approach to environmental problems such as global warming. In this paper, we propose an optimum switching model of production systems considering efficiency, delivery time and green evaluation using a green evaluation index (GEC: Green Energy Coefficient). We also discuss the optimal switching strategy by numerical observation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （ No. 90304004）, High Technology Research and Development Program of China （ No 2005AA122310）, the Projects of the Science and Technology Council of Chongqing （2005BB2062, 2005AC2089）.
文摘Fault detection in optical burst switching （OBS） networks will be a challenging task in the future. A novel mechanism based on probe burst （PB） and a new key concept is proposed to detect faults of OBS networks by sampling the health of data channels, which solve the difficulty of optical monitoring schemes while keeps the transparency of data network to Internet protocol （IP） packets. It takes full advantage of the characteristics of OBS, including architecture and signalling scheme, and introduces the excellent performances of single-hop-test used in electrical communication networks into OBS environment while avoids the shortcoming that any optical burst must undergo an optical-electric-optical （OEO） conversion. Well designed PB can provide exact criterion for judging whether protection/restoration should be excuted according to hard or soft fault identification.
文摘Around the world energy sustainability and environment protection face many challenges due to the continuously increasing population and energy demands, where the demanding rate of energy increases by at least 2.3% per year. According to statistical data, until 2035, fossil fuels still are the main source of energy consumption. Burning fossil fuels produces the greenhouse gas of carbon dioxide as a byproduct. CO<sub>2</sub> emissions have a dangerous effect on both human health and the natural environmental balance. There are many types of clean energy like solar, biofuel, and wind energy. The major limitations of using these types, their availability depends on climate conditions and their production rate is inadequate for energy demand. For any country, energy resources’ availability and economic conditions imposed on projects’ prioritization. Application of energy management and emissions control techniques for industrial unit can limit fuel combustion environmental effects and transfer this fossil fuel to an eco-friendly type. In this work, we applied Green Energy Model GEM to the Hydrotreater Unit of the refinery, GEM is composed of four techniques. Which are Heat Exchangers Networks Synthesis [HENS], Fuel Switching, Thermal Insulation application, and Carbon Captures Storage [CCS]. Where they reduce energy consumption by the rate of 3% - 34% and control CO2 emissions by the rate of 26% - 90%. This model is a radical way to face climate change challenges and practical solutions for both energy and environmental crises.
文摘目的·构建成人重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)患者转出后(ICU后患者)的早期症状网络;辨别网络中的核心症状和桥梁症状,对比综合ICU和心脏监护病房(coronary care unit,CCU)2个亚组的症状网络,分析症状的发生情况。方法·于2022年12月—2023年8月,从上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院综合ICU和CCU转入普通病房3 d(±48 h)的成人患者中方便抽样328例。采用患者一般情况和临床资料调查表、症状调查问卷(由医院焦虑抑郁量表、疲劳严重程度量表、理查兹-坎贝尔睡眠量表、疼痛数字评分法组成)对患者进行调查。基于Spearman相关性分析和GLASSO算法构建同期症状网络,计算网络的中心性指标,对比亚组症状网络的差异,并进行网络的边线准确性和中心性指标稳定性检验。结果·共收集有效问卷302份,问卷有效率92.1%。中心性指标计算结果显示,ICU后患者的早期症状网络中,强度最高的是“感到振奋和愉快”(rS=1.145),紧密性最高的是“对以往感兴趣的事情仍然有兴趣”(rC=1.851×10^(−3)),预期影响最高的是“疲劳影响体能”(rE=1.143)。桥梁强度前3位的是“心中充满烦恼”(rb=10.392)、“对以往感兴趣的事情仍然有兴趣”(rb=10.359)和疼痛(rb=10.221)。综合ICU和CCU患者转入普通病房后的早期症状网络在网络结构(M=0.289)和整体连接强度(GS综合ICU=13.876,GSCCU=13.838;S=0.039)上差异无统计学意义;对比亚组的中心性指标,除5个症状表现的强度和预期影响差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)外,其他指标间差异均无统计学意义。ICU后患者早期症状网络的边线准确性和中心性指标稳定性良好。结论·成人ICU后患者早期的核心症状为焦虑和抑郁,疼痛是桥梁症状之一。综合ICU和CCU患者转出后的早期症状发生情况差异不大。医护人员要关注ICU后患者早期的不适症状,针对性开展干预以提升患者的舒适体验,促进其康复进程。
文摘文章旨在探讨基于交换机实现的虚拟局域网(Virtual Local Area Network,VLAN),讨论VLAN的概念及其实现原理、不同VLAN之间的通信技术、VLAN的配置技术、VLAN的优点和缺点等方面。通过文献研究和调查企业网络管理需求,文章确定使用基于交换机实现的VLAN技术的合理性。文章选用适当的交换机设备,利用该设备的特点和功能,建立VLAN网络,并在此基础上进行网络管理,测试各项功能并收集实验数据,进行充分分析与比较。经过实验,发现基于交换机实现的VLAN技术能够实现对网络的分段管理,具有较高的安全性和管理性。同时,实验数据也证明该技术的可行性和有效性。
