Multi-target neural circuit-magnetic stimulation has been clinically shown to improve rehabilitation of lower limb motor function after spinal cord injury. However, the precise underlying mechanism remains unclear. In...Multi-target neural circuit-magnetic stimulation has been clinically shown to improve rehabilitation of lower limb motor function after spinal cord injury. However, the precise underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we performed double-target neural circuit-magnetic stimulation on the left motor cortex and bilateral L5 nerve root for 3 successive weeks in a rat model of incomplete spinal cord injury caused by compression at T10. Results showed that in the injured spinal cord, the expression of the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein and inflammatory factors interleukin 1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α had decreased, whereas that of neuronal survival marker microtubule-associated protein 2 and synaptic plasticity markers postsynaptic densification protein 95 and synaptophysin protein had increased. Additionally, neural signaling of the descending corticospinal tract was markedly improved and rat locomotor function recovered significantly. These findings suggest that double-target neural circuit-magnetic stimulation improves rat motor function by attenuating astrocyte activation, thus providing a theoretical basis for application of double-target neural circuit-magnetic stimulation in the clinical treatment of spinal cord injury.展开更多
An implantable optrode with micro-thermal detectors was designed to investigate the availability and safety of INS using high repetition rates.Optical auditory brainstem responses(oABRs)were recorded in normal-hearing...An implantable optrode with micro-thermal detectors was designed to investigate the availability and safety of INS using high repetition rates.Optical auditory brainstem responses(oABRs)were recorded in normal-hearing guinea pigs,and the energy thresholds,pulse durations,and ampli-tudes evoked by the varied stimulus repetitions were analyzed.Stable oABRs could be evoked through INS even as the repetition rate of stimulation reached 19 kHz.The energy threshold of oABRs was elevated,the amplitudes decreased as pulse durations increased and repetition rates were higher,and the latencies were delayed as the pulse durations increased.The temperature variation curves on the site of stimulation significantly increased as the pulse duration increased to 400μs.INS elevated the temperature around the stimulus site area via thermal accumulation during radiation,especially when higher repetition stimuli were used.Our results demonstrate that high repetition infrared stimulations can safely evoke stable and available oABRs in normal-hearing guinea pigs.展开更多
While it is well-known that neuronal activity promotes plasticity and connectivity, the success of activity-based neural rehabilitation programs remains extremely limited in human clinical experience because they cann...While it is well-known that neuronal activity promotes plasticity and connectivity, the success of activity-based neural rehabilitation programs remains extremely limited in human clinical experience because they cannot adequately control neuronal excitability and activity within the injured brain in order to induce repair. However, it is possible to non-invasively modulate brain plasticity using brain stimu- lation techniques such as repetitive transcranial (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) techniques, which show promise for repairing injured neural circuits (Henrich-Noack et al., 2013; Lefaucher et al., 2014). Yet we are far from having full control of these techniques to repair the brain following neurotrauma and need more fundamen- tal research (Ellaway et al., 2014; Lefaucher et al., 2014). In this perspective we discuss the mechanisms by which rTMS may facilitate neurorehabilitation and propose experimental techniques with which magnetic stimulation may be investi- gated in order to optimise its treatment potential.展开更多
Human central nerve system(CNS)is an extremely complex and delicate structure.While regeneration is possible in some reptiles and fish CNS,the regeneration capacity seems completely lost in adult mammals.Therefore,the...Human central nerve system(CNS)is an extremely complex and delicate structure.While regeneration is possible in some reptiles and fish CNS,the regeneration capacity seems completely lost in adult mammals.Therefore,the classic concept is that once neurons in mammal展开更多
Newborn infants who had neurogenic bladder dysfunction(NBD)have a normal upper urinary tract at birth.Most of them will develop deterioration of renal function and chronic kidney disease if they do not receive proper ...Newborn infants who had neurogenic bladder dysfunction(NBD)have a normal upper urinary tract at birth.Most of them will develop deterioration of renal function and chronic kidney disease if they do not receive proper management.Children with NBD can develop renal damage at adolescence or earlier,which is due to high detrusor pressures resulted from poor compliance of the bladder,detrusor overactivity against a closed sphincter or detrusor sphincter dyssynergia.To preserve renal function and prevent deterioration of the kidneys,NBD must be treated immediately after being diagnosed.Over the last few years there was great progress in the treatment of children with the NBD.We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library for peer-reviewed articles published in any language up to March 10,2021,using the search term“neurogenic bladder children.”Our search excluded diagnosis,pathophysiology,surgical treatment of spinal cord injury and spina bifida.The research identified the effectiveness of treatment regimens targeting prevention of chronic kidney disease and the indications of kidney transplantation.The results of the research showed that NBD in children should be diagnosed early in life,and the child should receive the proper management.The literature search concluded that the management of NBD in children would be personalized for every case and could be changed according to response to treatment,side effects,child compliance,availability of treatment modality and costs of treatment.The objectives of the study are to present the different options of management of NBD in children and the selection of the proper method in a personalized manner.展开更多
Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(LF-r TMS) to the contralesional hemisphere and intensive occupational therapy(i OT) have been shown to contribute to a significant improvement in upper li...Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(LF-r TMS) to the contralesional hemisphere and intensive occupational therapy(i OT) have been shown to contribute to a significant improvement in upper limb hemiparesis in patients with chronic stroke. However, the effect of the combined intervention program of LF-r TMS and i OT on cognitive function is unknown. We retrospectively investigated whether the combined treatment influence patient's Trail-Making Test part B(TMT-B) performance, which is a group of easy and inexpensive neuropsychological tests that evaluate several cognitive functions. Twenty-five patients received 11 sessions of LF-r TMS to the contralesional hemisphere and 2 sessions of i OT per day over 15 successive days. Patients with right- and left-sided hemiparesis demonstrated significant improvements in upper limb motor function following the combined intervention program. Only patients with right-sided hemiparesis exhibited improved TMT-B performance following the combined intervention program, and there was a significant negative correlation between Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale total score change and TMT-B performance. The results indicate the possibility that LF-r TMS to the contralesional hemisphere combined with i OT improves the upper limb motor function and cognitive function of patients with right-sided hemiparesis. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of improved cognitive function.展开更多
Most studies on peripheral nerve injury have focused on repair at the site of injury, but very few have examined the effects of repair strategies on the more proximal neuronal cell bodies. In this study, an approximat...Most studies on peripheral nerve injury have focused on repair at the site of injury, but very few have examined the effects of repair strategies on the more proximal neuronal cell bodies. In this study, an approximately 10-mm-long nerve segment from the ischial tuberosity in the rat was transected and its proximal and distal ends were inverted and sutured. The spinal cord was subjected to pulsed electrical stimulation at T10 and L3, at a current of 6.5 m A and a stimulation frequency of 15 Hz, 15 minutes per session, twice a day for 56 days. After pulsed electrical stimulation, the number of neurons in the dorsal root ganglion and anterior horn was increased in rats with sciatic nerve injury. The number of myelinated nerve fibers was increased in the sciatic nerve. The ultrastructure of neurons in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord was noticeably improved. Conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve was also increased. These results show that pulsed electrical stimulation protects sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia as well as motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord after peripheral nerve injury, and that it promotes the regeneration of peripheral nerve fibers.展开更多
Voluntary participation of hemiplegic patients is crucial for functional electrical stimulation therapy.A wearable functional electrical stimulation system has been proposed for real-time volitional hand motor functio...Voluntary participation of hemiplegic patients is crucial for functional electrical stimulation therapy.A wearable functional electrical stimulation system has been proposed for real-time volitional hand motor function control using the electromyography bridge method.Through a series of novel design concepts,including the integration of a detecting circuit and an analog-to-digital converter,a miniaturized functional electrical stimulation circuit technique,a low-power super-regeneration chip for wireless receiving,and two wearable armbands,a prototype system has been established with reduced size,power,and overall cost.Based on wrist joint torque reproduction and classification experiments performed on six healthy subjects,the optimized surface electromyography thresholds and trained logistic regression classifier parameters were statistically chosen to establish wrist and hand motion control with high accuracy.Test results showed that wrist flexion/extension,hand grasp,and finger extension could be reproduced with high accuracy and low latency.This system can build a bridge of information transmission between healthy limbs and paralyzed limbs,effectively improve voluntary participation of hemiplegic patients,and elevate efficiency of rehabilitation training.展开更多
Pudendal nerve plays an important role in urine storage and voiding.Our hypothesis is that a neuroprosthetic device placed in the pudendal nerve trunk can modulate bladder function after suprasacral spinal cord injury...Pudendal nerve plays an important role in urine storage and voiding.Our hypothesis is that a neuroprosthetic device placed in the pudendal nerve trunk can modulate bladder function after suprasacral spinal cord injury.We had confirmed the inhibitory pudendal-to-bladder reflex by stimulating either the branch or the trunk of the pudendal nerve.This study explored the excitatory pudendal-to-bladder reflex in beagle dogs,with intact or injured spinal cord,by electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve trunk.The optimal stimulation frequency was approximately 15–25 Hz.This excitatory effect was dependent to some extent on the bladder volume.We conclude that stimulation of the pudendal nerve trunk is a promising method to modulate bladder function.展开更多
This study investigated the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(t DCS) polarity depending on lateralized function of task property in normal individuals performing visuomotor and simple repetitive task...This study investigated the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(t DCS) polarity depending on lateralized function of task property in normal individuals performing visuomotor and simple repetitive tasks. Thirty healthy participants with no neurological disorders were recruited to participate in this study. Participants were randomly allocated into active or control condition. For the active condition, t DCS intensity was 2 m A with stimulation applied for 15 minutes to the right hemisphere(t DCS condition). For the sham control, electrodes were placed in the same position, but the stimulator was turned off after 30 seconds(sham condition). The tapping and tracking task tests were performed before and after for both conditions. Univariate analysis revealed significant difference only in the tracking task. For direct comparison of both tasks within each group, the tracking task had significantly higher Z score than the tapping task in the t DCS group(P 〈 0.05). Thus, our study indicates that stimulation of the right hemisphere using t DCS can effectively improve visuomotor(tracking) task over simple repetitive(tapping) task.展开更多
Engineered functional neural interfaces (fNIs) serve as essential abiotic-biotic transducers between an engineered system and the nervous system. They convert external physical stimuli to cellular signals in stimula...Engineered functional neural interfaces (fNIs) serve as essential abiotic-biotic transducers between an engineered system and the nervous system. They convert external physical stimuli to cellular signals in stimulation mode or read out biological processes in recording mode. Information can be exchanged using electricity, light, magnetic fields, mechanical forces, heat, or chemical signals. fNIs have found applications for studying processes in neural circuits from cell cultures to organs to whole organisms, fNI-facilitated signal transduction schemes, coupled with easily manipulable and observable external physical signals, have attracted considerable attention in recent years. This enticing field is rapidly evolving toward miniaturization and biomimicry to achieve long-term interface stability with great signal transduction efficiency. Not only has a new generation of neuroelectrodes been invented, but the use of advanced fNIs that explore other physical modalities of neuromodulation and recording has begun to increase. This review covers these exciting developments and applications of fNIs that rely on nanoelectrodes, nanotransducers, or bionanotransducers to establish an interface with the nervous system. These nano fNIs are promising in offering a high spatial resolution, high target specificity, and high communication bandwidth by allowing for a high density and count of signal channels with minimum material volume and area to dramatically improve the chronic integration of the fNI to the target neural tissue. Such demanding advances in nano fNIs will greatly facilitate new opportunities not only for studying basic neuroscience but also for diagnosing and treating various neurological diseases.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos. 81772453 and 81974358 (both to DSX)Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty Program,No. shslczdzk02701 (to QX)。
文摘Multi-target neural circuit-magnetic stimulation has been clinically shown to improve rehabilitation of lower limb motor function after spinal cord injury. However, the precise underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we performed double-target neural circuit-magnetic stimulation on the left motor cortex and bilateral L5 nerve root for 3 successive weeks in a rat model of incomplete spinal cord injury caused by compression at T10. Results showed that in the injured spinal cord, the expression of the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein and inflammatory factors interleukin 1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α had decreased, whereas that of neuronal survival marker microtubule-associated protein 2 and synaptic plasticity markers postsynaptic densification protein 95 and synaptophysin protein had increased. Additionally, neural signaling of the descending corticospinal tract was markedly improved and rat locomotor function recovered significantly. These findings suggest that double-target neural circuit-magnetic stimulation improves rat motor function by attenuating astrocyte activation, thus providing a theoretical basis for application of double-target neural circuit-magnetic stimulation in the clinical treatment of spinal cord injury.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81660173)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20202BABL206065)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(20181BBG78013).
文摘An implantable optrode with micro-thermal detectors was designed to investigate the availability and safety of INS using high repetition rates.Optical auditory brainstem responses(oABRs)were recorded in normal-hearing guinea pigs,and the energy thresholds,pulse durations,and ampli-tudes evoked by the varied stimulus repetitions were analyzed.Stable oABRs could be evoked through INS even as the repetition rate of stimulation reached 19 kHz.The energy threshold of oABRs was elevated,the amplitudes decreased as pulse durations increased and repetition rates were higher,and the latencies were delayed as the pulse durations increased.The temperature variation curves on the site of stimulation significantly increased as the pulse duration increased to 400μs.INS elevated the temperature around the stimulus site area via thermal accumulation during radiation,especially when higher repetition stimuli were used.Our results demonstrate that high repetition infrared stimulations can safely evoke stable and available oABRs in normal-hearing guinea pigs.
文摘While it is well-known that neuronal activity promotes plasticity and connectivity, the success of activity-based neural rehabilitation programs remains extremely limited in human clinical experience because they cannot adequately control neuronal excitability and activity within the injured brain in order to induce repair. However, it is possible to non-invasively modulate brain plasticity using brain stimu- lation techniques such as repetitive transcranial (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) techniques, which show promise for repairing injured neural circuits (Henrich-Noack et al., 2013; Lefaucher et al., 2014). Yet we are far from having full control of these techniques to repair the brain following neurotrauma and need more fundamen- tal research (Ellaway et al., 2014; Lefaucher et al., 2014). In this perspective we discuss the mechanisms by which rTMS may facilitate neurorehabilitation and propose experimental techniques with which magnetic stimulation may be investi- gated in order to optimise its treatment potential.
文摘Human central nerve system(CNS)is an extremely complex and delicate structure.While regeneration is possible in some reptiles and fish CNS,the regeneration capacity seems completely lost in adult mammals.Therefore,the classic concept is that once neurons in mammal
文摘Newborn infants who had neurogenic bladder dysfunction(NBD)have a normal upper urinary tract at birth.Most of them will develop deterioration of renal function and chronic kidney disease if they do not receive proper management.Children with NBD can develop renal damage at adolescence or earlier,which is due to high detrusor pressures resulted from poor compliance of the bladder,detrusor overactivity against a closed sphincter or detrusor sphincter dyssynergia.To preserve renal function and prevent deterioration of the kidneys,NBD must be treated immediately after being diagnosed.Over the last few years there was great progress in the treatment of children with the NBD.We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library for peer-reviewed articles published in any language up to March 10,2021,using the search term“neurogenic bladder children.”Our search excluded diagnosis,pathophysiology,surgical treatment of spinal cord injury and spina bifida.The research identified the effectiveness of treatment regimens targeting prevention of chronic kidney disease and the indications of kidney transplantation.The results of the research showed that NBD in children should be diagnosed early in life,and the child should receive the proper management.The literature search concluded that the management of NBD in children would be personalized for every case and could be changed according to response to treatment,side effects,child compliance,availability of treatment modality and costs of treatment.The objectives of the study are to present the different options of management of NBD in children and the selection of the proper method in a personalized manner.
文摘Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(LF-r TMS) to the contralesional hemisphere and intensive occupational therapy(i OT) have been shown to contribute to a significant improvement in upper limb hemiparesis in patients with chronic stroke. However, the effect of the combined intervention program of LF-r TMS and i OT on cognitive function is unknown. We retrospectively investigated whether the combined treatment influence patient's Trail-Making Test part B(TMT-B) performance, which is a group of easy and inexpensive neuropsychological tests that evaluate several cognitive functions. Twenty-five patients received 11 sessions of LF-r TMS to the contralesional hemisphere and 2 sessions of i OT per day over 15 successive days. Patients with right- and left-sided hemiparesis demonstrated significant improvements in upper limb motor function following the combined intervention program. Only patients with right-sided hemiparesis exhibited improved TMT-B performance following the combined intervention program, and there was a significant negative correlation between Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale total score change and TMT-B performance. The results indicate the possibility that LF-r TMS to the contralesional hemisphere combined with i OT improves the upper limb motor function and cognitive function of patients with right-sided hemiparesis. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of improved cognitive function.
基金supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Program of Linyi City of China,No.201313026
文摘Most studies on peripheral nerve injury have focused on repair at the site of injury, but very few have examined the effects of repair strategies on the more proximal neuronal cell bodies. In this study, an approximately 10-mm-long nerve segment from the ischial tuberosity in the rat was transected and its proximal and distal ends were inverted and sutured. The spinal cord was subjected to pulsed electrical stimulation at T10 and L3, at a current of 6.5 m A and a stimulation frequency of 15 Hz, 15 minutes per session, twice a day for 56 days. After pulsed electrical stimulation, the number of neurons in the dorsal root ganglion and anterior horn was increased in rats with sciatic nerve injury. The number of myelinated nerve fibers was increased in the sciatic nerve. The ultrastructure of neurons in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord was noticeably improved. Conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve was also increased. These results show that pulsed electrical stimulation protects sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia as well as motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord after peripheral nerve injury, and that it promotes the regeneration of peripheral nerve fibers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.90307013,90707005,61534003the Science&Technology Pillar Program of Jiangsu Province in China,No.BE2013706
文摘Voluntary participation of hemiplegic patients is crucial for functional electrical stimulation therapy.A wearable functional electrical stimulation system has been proposed for real-time volitional hand motor function control using the electromyography bridge method.Through a series of novel design concepts,including the integration of a detecting circuit and an analog-to-digital converter,a miniaturized functional electrical stimulation circuit technique,a low-power super-regeneration chip for wireless receiving,and two wearable armbands,a prototype system has been established with reduced size,power,and overall cost.Based on wrist joint torque reproduction and classification experiments performed on six healthy subjects,the optimized surface electromyography thresholds and trained logistic regression classifier parameters were statistically chosen to establish wrist and hand motion control with high accuracy.Test results showed that wrist flexion/extension,hand grasp,and finger extension could be reproduced with high accuracy and low latency.This system can build a bridge of information transmission between healthy limbs and paralyzed limbs,effectively improve voluntary participation of hemiplegic patients,and elevate efficiency of rehabilitation training.
基金supported by the Capital Medical Development Research Fund of China,No.2014-2-4141
文摘Pudendal nerve plays an important role in urine storage and voiding.Our hypothesis is that a neuroprosthetic device placed in the pudendal nerve trunk can modulate bladder function after suprasacral spinal cord injury.We had confirmed the inhibitory pudendal-to-bladder reflex by stimulating either the branch or the trunk of the pudendal nerve.This study explored the excitatory pudendal-to-bladder reflex in beagle dogs,with intact or injured spinal cord,by electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve trunk.The optimal stimulation frequency was approximately 15–25 Hz.This excitatory effect was dependent to some extent on the bladder volume.We conclude that stimulation of the pudendal nerve trunk is a promising method to modulate bladder function.
文摘This study investigated the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(t DCS) polarity depending on lateralized function of task property in normal individuals performing visuomotor and simple repetitive tasks. Thirty healthy participants with no neurological disorders were recruited to participate in this study. Participants were randomly allocated into active or control condition. For the active condition, t DCS intensity was 2 m A with stimulation applied for 15 minutes to the right hemisphere(t DCS condition). For the sham control, electrodes were placed in the same position, but the stimulator was turned off after 30 seconds(sham condition). The tapping and tracking task tests were performed before and after for both conditions. Univariate analysis revealed significant difference only in the tracking task. For direct comparison of both tasks within each group, the tracking task had significantly higher Z score than the tapping task in the t DCS group(P 〈 0.05). Thus, our study indicates that stimulation of the right hemisphere using t DCS can effectively improve visuomotor(tracking) task over simple repetitive(tapping) task.
文摘Engineered functional neural interfaces (fNIs) serve as essential abiotic-biotic transducers between an engineered system and the nervous system. They convert external physical stimuli to cellular signals in stimulation mode or read out biological processes in recording mode. Information can be exchanged using electricity, light, magnetic fields, mechanical forces, heat, or chemical signals. fNIs have found applications for studying processes in neural circuits from cell cultures to organs to whole organisms, fNI-facilitated signal transduction schemes, coupled with easily manipulable and observable external physical signals, have attracted considerable attention in recent years. This enticing field is rapidly evolving toward miniaturization and biomimicry to achieve long-term interface stability with great signal transduction efficiency. Not only has a new generation of neuroelectrodes been invented, but the use of advanced fNIs that explore other physical modalities of neuromodulation and recording has begun to increase. This review covers these exciting developments and applications of fNIs that rely on nanoelectrodes, nanotransducers, or bionanotransducers to establish an interface with the nervous system. These nano fNIs are promising in offering a high spatial resolution, high target specificity, and high communication bandwidth by allowing for a high density and count of signal channels with minimum material volume and area to dramatically improve the chronic integration of the fNI to the target neural tissue. Such demanding advances in nano fNIs will greatly facilitate new opportunities not only for studying basic neuroscience but also for diagnosing and treating various neurological diseases.