Chara cterized by positive symptoms(such as changes in behavior or thoughts,including delusions and hallu cinations),negative symptoms(such as apathy,anhedonia,and social withdrawal),and cognitive impairments,schizoph...Chara cterized by positive symptoms(such as changes in behavior or thoughts,including delusions and hallu cinations),negative symptoms(such as apathy,anhedonia,and social withdrawal),and cognitive impairments,schizophrenia is a chro nic,severe,and disabling mental disorder with late adolescence or early adulthood onset,Antipsychotics are the most commonly used drugs to treat schizophrenia,but those currently in use do not fully reverse all three types of symptoms characte rizing this condition.Schizophrenia is frequently misdiagnosed,resulting in a delay of or inappropriate treatment.Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of schizophrenia.The recent studies reviewed included microRNA profiling in blood-and urine-based materials and nervous tissue mate rials.From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for schizophrenia in adults could be miR-22-3p,-30e-5p,-92a-3p,-148b-5p,-181a-3p,-181a-5p,-181b-5p,-199 b-5p,-137 in whole blood,and miR-130b,-193a-3p in blood plasma.Antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia patients was found to modulate the expression of certain microRNAs including miR-130b,-193a-3p,-132,-195,-30e,-432 in blood plasma.Further studies are warranted with adolescents and young adults having schizophrenia and consideration should be given to using animal models of the disorder to investigate the effect of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.展开更多
Cell extrusion is an active mechanism to eliminate non-viable or supernumerary cells in healthy epithelia.It also plays a role in carcinogenesis,both in tumor growth(apical extrusion)and metastasis(basal extrusion).Em...Cell extrusion is an active mechanism to eliminate non-viable or supernumerary cells in healthy epithelia.It also plays a role in carcinogenesis,both in tumor growth(apical extrusion)and metastasis(basal extrusion).Embryonic tissues like the neuroepithelium,on the other hand,present rates of proliferation comparable to that of carcinomas,without the occurrence of cell extrusion.However,the downregulation or phosphorylation of actinmodulating proteins like MARCKS,causes extensive neuroepithelial apical cell extrusion.As changes in MARCKS proteins phosphorylation and expression have also been correlated to carcinogenesis,we propose here an integrated model for their functions in epithelial integrity.展开更多
文摘Chara cterized by positive symptoms(such as changes in behavior or thoughts,including delusions and hallu cinations),negative symptoms(such as apathy,anhedonia,and social withdrawal),and cognitive impairments,schizophrenia is a chro nic,severe,and disabling mental disorder with late adolescence or early adulthood onset,Antipsychotics are the most commonly used drugs to treat schizophrenia,but those currently in use do not fully reverse all three types of symptoms characte rizing this condition.Schizophrenia is frequently misdiagnosed,resulting in a delay of or inappropriate treatment.Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of schizophrenia.The recent studies reviewed included microRNA profiling in blood-and urine-based materials and nervous tissue mate rials.From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for schizophrenia in adults could be miR-22-3p,-30e-5p,-92a-3p,-148b-5p,-181a-3p,-181a-5p,-181b-5p,-199 b-5p,-137 in whole blood,and miR-130b,-193a-3p in blood plasma.Antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia patients was found to modulate the expression of certain microRNAs including miR-130b,-193a-3p,-132,-195,-30e,-432 in blood plasma.Further studies are warranted with adolescents and young adults having schizophrenia and consideration should be given to using animal models of the disorder to investigate the effect of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.
基金This work was partially funded by CSICUdelaR Grant C125-347 to FRZCAP-UdelaR Master’s fellowship to SAB+1 种基金Dedicación Total-UdelaR,to FRZPEDECIBA.
文摘Cell extrusion is an active mechanism to eliminate non-viable or supernumerary cells in healthy epithelia.It also plays a role in carcinogenesis,both in tumor growth(apical extrusion)and metastasis(basal extrusion).Embryonic tissues like the neuroepithelium,on the other hand,present rates of proliferation comparable to that of carcinomas,without the occurrence of cell extrusion.However,the downregulation or phosphorylation of actinmodulating proteins like MARCKS,causes extensive neuroepithelial apical cell extrusion.As changes in MARCKS proteins phosphorylation and expression have also been correlated to carcinogenesis,we propose here an integrated model for their functions in epithelial integrity.
