BACKGROUND： The hippocampus regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis through negative feedback. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus receives neuronal input from the hippocampus via the fomix, OBJECTIVE...BACKGROUND： The hippocampus regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis through negative feedback. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus receives neuronal input from the hippocampus via the fomix, OBJECTIVE： To explore whether the negative feedback effect of the hippocampus on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is contributed to the inhibitory effect of mineralocorticoid receptor （MR） and glucocorticoid receptor （GR） in the hippocampus on the paraventricular nucleus via the fornix. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled, animal experiment. The study was performed at the Department of Histology and Embryology, China Medical University between September 2006 and September 2008. MATERIALS： Rabbit anti-rat anti-MR and rabbit anti-rat anti-GR antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA. Rabbit anti-rat anti-corticotrophin releasing hormone （CRH） and rabbit anti-rat anti-arginine vasopressin antibodies were purchased from Wuhan Boster. METHODS： A total of 90 male, Wistar rats were randomly divided into model and sham-surgery groups （n = 45）. Fornix transection was performed in the model group, while the sham-surgery group underwent surgery, but no fornix transection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Immunohistochemistry was used to examine MR and GR expression in the hippocampus, as well as CRH and anti-arginine vasopressin in the paraventricular nucleus. Western blot was used to measure alterations in MR, GR, and CRH protein expression following fomix transection. RESULTS： Compared with the sham-surgery group, there were no obvious changes in MR and GR expression in the hippocampus, or CRH and anti-arginine vasopressin expression in the paraventdcular nucleus within 4 days of fornix transection. However, after 7-10 days, significantly decreased MR and GR expression in the hippocampus, and increased CRH and anti-arginine vasopmssin expression in the paraventricular nucleus were observed （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. CONCLUSION： Negative feedback from the hippocampus on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis might be mediated through the fornix, and the corticosterene actions mediated by hippocampal corticosteroid receptors indirectly modulated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different mulberry extracts on sex hormone and hypothalamic neurotransmitter in naturally aged female rats and reveal the mechanism and material basis of anti...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different mulberry extracts on sex hormone and hypothalamic neurotransmitter in naturally aged female rats and reveal the mechanism and material basis of anti-aging effect of mulberry. [ Method] Fourteen-month-old SD female rats were selected and ran- domly divided into model group, positive control group, high-dose and low-dose water extract groups, high-dose and low-dose 50% ethanol extract groups, and high-dose and low-dose 95% ethanol extract groups; four-month-old SD female rats were used as blank control group. After eight weeks of drug administration, the levels of 17β-estradiol （E2 ）, follicle- stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） in serum and beta-endorphin （β-EP） in hypothalamus were de- termined by radioimmunoassay; the levels of norepinephrine （ NE）, dopamine （ DA）, 5-hydroxy tryptamine （5-HT） and 5-HIAA in hypothalamus were determined by fluorescence spectrometry. [ Result] Water extract of mulberry can increase the level of E2 and reduce levels of FSH and LH in serum, and increase the level of fl-EP and reduce levels of DA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA in hypothalamus of naturally aged female rats. Water extract of mulberry exhibited higher effects than 50% eth- anol extract and 95% ethanol extract. [ Conclusion] Mulberry could significantly improve the function of hypothalamic peptide neurotransmitter in naturally aged rats, correct disorders of hypothalamic monoamine neurotransmitter, and treat perimenopausal syndrome by regulating reproductive endocrine function, which might be related with its water-soluble components and require further investigation and development.展开更多
An increasing amount of evidence demonstrates the anti-aging effect of Heshouwu in pill form. In this study, a subacute aging rat model was established by continuous intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose and treate...An increasing amount of evidence demonstrates the anti-aging effect of Heshouwu in pill form. In this study, a subacute aging rat model was established by continuous intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose and treated with Heshouwu decoction （a Chinese herb for tonifying the kidney, comprising Heshouwu pill, Herba Epimedii, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhiae, and Poria）. Heshouwu pill treated rats were the positive control group. Radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemical staining, and western blot assay showed hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone, hypothalamic substance P, and serum gonadotropin levels to be significantly increased in the model rats; the concentrations of hypothalamic ~3-endorphin, and serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I and testosterone were significantly decreased. 1713- and 3[3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression in testicular tissue was also decreased. Intragastric administration of Heshouwu decoction at high （9.6 g/mL/100 g）, medium （4.8 g/mL/100 g）, and low （2.4 g/mlJ100 g） doses, Heshouwu decoction pretreatment at a medium dose （4.8 g/mL/100 g）, and Heshouwu pill （2.06 g/mL/100 g） significantly reversed these changes. Heshouwu decoction pretreatment and high-dose Heshouwu decoction had the greatest anti-aging effects. These experimental findings indicate that Heshouwu decoction can improve hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis secretion in a subacute aging rat model, and prevent and delay gonadal axis aging, with an effect superior to that of Heshouwu pill.展开更多
Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome(KYDS)is a diagnostic pattern in the traditional Chinese medicine.Studies have shown that KYDS is related to the functional disorder of hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-target glan...Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome(KYDS)is a diagnostic pattern in the traditional Chinese medicine.Studies have shown that KYDS is related to the functional disorder of hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axes.The standard procedure used to mimic KYDS is the injection of a high dose of exogenous glucocorticoid(hydrocortisone and corticosterone).Such a model showed symptoms such as exhaustion,body twists,cold limbs,lying crowded together,decreased rectal temperature,sexual dysfunction,decreased reaction speed,reduced spontaneous activity,hair loss,loss of appetite,and weight loss.Moreover,the model manifested an imbalance in mutual control among the hormones of the pituitary-target gland axes,including adrenocorticotrophic hormone,CORT,CRH,thyroid-stimulating hormone,triiodothyronine,thyroxine,T,E2,follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,and 17-OHCS.展开更多
Migraine is a complex trait in which multiple genetic loci, as well as environmental factors, likely contribute to its clinical manifestation. Many genetic associations reported in previous studies either have not bee...Migraine is a complex trait in which multiple genetic loci, as well as environmental factors, likely contribute to its clinical manifestation. Many genetic associations reported in previous studies either have not been replicated to date or showed only marginal statistical significance, possibly due to the genetic heterogeneity of the common forms of migraine. One major phenotypic and possibly genetically identifiable migraine subgroup consists of women whose attacks are influenced by fluctuation in gonadal hormones. We hypothesized that for these women, the association between migraine attacks and the menstrual cycle might be attributable to an increased prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. We selected 21 such polymerphisms previously reported to be associated with the common forms of migraine and genotyped 1740 individuals (1132 migraineurs) to determine whether any of these selected polymorphisms occurred more frequently in females with hormonally modulated migraine. We were able to confirm the association of migraine with 3 genetic polymorphisms seen in previous studies (rs4680 [COMT], rs2283265 [DRD2], and rs7131056 [DRD2]). Interestingly, we found 2 additional genetic polymorphisms (rs2070762 [TH] and rs6356 [TH]) to be associated with migraine when defining the phenotype as hormonally modulated migraine.展开更多
Objective To explore the change pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis and related neurotransmitters under simulated weightlessness.Methods A total of 40 clean-grade male Wistar rats were randomly divided ...Objective To explore the change pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis and related neurotransmitters under simulated weightlessness.Methods A total of 40 clean-grade male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a tail-suspension group,an electroacupuncture(EA)at Neiguan(PC 6)group,an EA at Sanyinjiao(SP 6)group,10 rats in each group.展开更多
目的:探讨褪黑素(MLT)对足部电击所致创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的影响。方法:利用足底电击法制备大鼠PTSD模型,通过腹腔注射方法给予治疗组大鼠MLT。通过拒俘反应测试检测大鼠的行为学变化,利用real time RT-...目的:探讨褪黑素(MLT)对足部电击所致创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的影响。方法:利用足底电击法制备大鼠PTSD模型,通过腹腔注射方法给予治疗组大鼠MLT。通过拒俘反应测试检测大鼠的行为学变化,利用real time RT-PCR方法检测下丘脑中促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)mRNA的表达,利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、肾上腺素(EPI)和糖皮质激素(GC)的含量。结果:PTSD组大鼠拒俘反应明显(P<0.05),下丘脑中CRH mRNA表达升高(P<0.05),血清中ACTH和EPI明显升高(P<0.05),但是GC水平下降(P<0.05)。MLT治疗后可以明显缓解PTSD大鼠拒俘反应(P<0.05),同时降低下丘脑中CRH mRNA表达(P<0.05),降低血清中ACTH和EPI水平并升高GC的水平(P<0.05)。结论:MLT治疗可缓解PTSD大鼠的症状,并恢复HPA轴的神经内分泌平衡。展开更多
基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China,No. 20060390301the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30600341the Ph.D.Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of China,No.20050159011
文摘BACKGROUND： The hippocampus regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis through negative feedback. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus receives neuronal input from the hippocampus via the fomix, OBJECTIVE： To explore whether the negative feedback effect of the hippocampus on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is contributed to the inhibitory effect of mineralocorticoid receptor （MR） and glucocorticoid receptor （GR） in the hippocampus on the paraventricular nucleus via the fornix. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled, animal experiment. The study was performed at the Department of Histology and Embryology, China Medical University between September 2006 and September 2008. MATERIALS： Rabbit anti-rat anti-MR and rabbit anti-rat anti-GR antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA. Rabbit anti-rat anti-corticotrophin releasing hormone （CRH） and rabbit anti-rat anti-arginine vasopressin antibodies were purchased from Wuhan Boster. METHODS： A total of 90 male, Wistar rats were randomly divided into model and sham-surgery groups （n = 45）. Fornix transection was performed in the model group, while the sham-surgery group underwent surgery, but no fornix transection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Immunohistochemistry was used to examine MR and GR expression in the hippocampus, as well as CRH and anti-arginine vasopressin in the paraventricular nucleus. Western blot was used to measure alterations in MR, GR, and CRH protein expression following fomix transection. RESULTS： Compared with the sham-surgery group, there were no obvious changes in MR and GR expression in the hippocampus, or CRH and anti-arginine vasopressin expression in the paraventdcular nucleus within 4 days of fornix transection. However, after 7-10 days, significantly decreased MR and GR expression in the hippocampus, and increased CRH and anti-arginine vasopmssin expression in the paraventricular nucleus were observed （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. CONCLUSION： Negative feedback from the hippocampus on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis might be mediated through the fornix, and the corticosterene actions mediated by hippocampal corticosteroid receptors indirectly modulated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different mulberry extracts on sex hormone and hypothalamic neurotransmitter in naturally aged female rats and reveal the mechanism and material basis of anti-aging effect of mulberry. [ Method] Fourteen-month-old SD female rats were selected and ran- domly divided into model group, positive control group, high-dose and low-dose water extract groups, high-dose and low-dose 50% ethanol extract groups, and high-dose and low-dose 95% ethanol extract groups; four-month-old SD female rats were used as blank control group. After eight weeks of drug administration, the levels of 17β-estradiol （E2 ）, follicle- stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） in serum and beta-endorphin （β-EP） in hypothalamus were de- termined by radioimmunoassay; the levels of norepinephrine （ NE）, dopamine （ DA）, 5-hydroxy tryptamine （5-HT） and 5-HIAA in hypothalamus were determined by fluorescence spectrometry. [ Result] Water extract of mulberry can increase the level of E2 and reduce levels of FSH and LH in serum, and increase the level of fl-EP and reduce levels of DA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA in hypothalamus of naturally aged female rats. Water extract of mulberry exhibited higher effects than 50% eth- anol extract and 95% ethanol extract. [ Conclusion] Mulberry could significantly improve the function of hypothalamic peptide neurotransmitter in naturally aged rats, correct disorders of hypothalamic monoamine neurotransmitter, and treat perimenopausal syndrome by regulating reproductive endocrine function, which might be related with its water-soluble components and require further investigation and development.
基金supported by the Talent Introduction Fund of Hebei University, No. 2010-183the Medical Science Special Fund of Hebei University, No. 2012A1005+1 种基金the Key Project of Hebei Provincial Health Department, No. 20110151a grant from Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 2011104
文摘An increasing amount of evidence demonstrates the anti-aging effect of Heshouwu in pill form. In this study, a subacute aging rat model was established by continuous intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose and treated with Heshouwu decoction （a Chinese herb for tonifying the kidney, comprising Heshouwu pill, Herba Epimedii, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhiae, and Poria）. Heshouwu pill treated rats were the positive control group. Radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemical staining, and western blot assay showed hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone, hypothalamic substance P, and serum gonadotropin levels to be significantly increased in the model rats; the concentrations of hypothalamic ~3-endorphin, and serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I and testosterone were significantly decreased. 1713- and 3[3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression in testicular tissue was also decreased. Intragastric administration of Heshouwu decoction at high （9.6 g/mL/100 g）, medium （4.8 g/mL/100 g）, and low （2.4 g/mlJ100 g） doses, Heshouwu decoction pretreatment at a medium dose （4.8 g/mL/100 g）, and Heshouwu pill （2.06 g/mL/100 g） significantly reversed these changes. Heshouwu decoction pretreatment and high-dose Heshouwu decoction had the greatest anti-aging effects. These experimental findings indicate that Heshouwu decoction can improve hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis secretion in a subacute aging rat model, and prevent and delay gonadal axis aging, with an effect superior to that of Heshouwu pill.
基金funded by the Shanghai Three-Year development plan project for TCM ZY(2018–2020)-CCCX-2001-05the Clinical Characteristic Project of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Pudong New District(PDZY-2018-0610)
文摘Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome(KYDS)is a diagnostic pattern in the traditional Chinese medicine.Studies have shown that KYDS is related to the functional disorder of hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axes.The standard procedure used to mimic KYDS is the injection of a high dose of exogenous glucocorticoid(hydrocortisone and corticosterone).Such a model showed symptoms such as exhaustion,body twists,cold limbs,lying crowded together,decreased rectal temperature,sexual dysfunction,decreased reaction speed,reduced spontaneous activity,hair loss,loss of appetite,and weight loss.Moreover,the model manifested an imbalance in mutual control among the hormones of the pituitary-target gland axes,including adrenocorticotrophic hormone,CORT,CRH,thyroid-stimulating hormone,triiodothyronine,thyroxine,T,E2,follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,and 17-OHCS.
文摘Migraine is a complex trait in which multiple genetic loci, as well as environmental factors, likely contribute to its clinical manifestation. Many genetic associations reported in previous studies either have not been replicated to date or showed only marginal statistical significance, possibly due to the genetic heterogeneity of the common forms of migraine. One major phenotypic and possibly genetically identifiable migraine subgroup consists of women whose attacks are influenced by fluctuation in gonadal hormones. We hypothesized that for these women, the association between migraine attacks and the menstrual cycle might be attributable to an increased prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. We selected 21 such polymerphisms previously reported to be associated with the common forms of migraine and genotyped 1740 individuals (1132 migraineurs) to determine whether any of these selected polymorphisms occurred more frequently in females with hormonally modulated migraine. We were able to confirm the association of migraine with 3 genetic polymorphisms seen in previous studies (rs4680 [COMT], rs2283265 [DRD2], and rs7131056 [DRD2]). Interestingly, we found 2 additional genetic polymorphisms (rs2070762 [TH] and rs6356 [TH]) to be associated with migraine when defining the phenotype as hormonally modulated migraine.
文摘Objective To explore the change pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis and related neurotransmitters under simulated weightlessness.Methods A total of 40 clean-grade male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a tail-suspension group,an electroacupuncture(EA)at Neiguan(PC 6)group,an EA at Sanyinjiao(SP 6)group,10 rats in each group.
文摘目的:探讨褪黑素(MLT)对足部电击所致创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的影响。方法:利用足底电击法制备大鼠PTSD模型,通过腹腔注射方法给予治疗组大鼠MLT。通过拒俘反应测试检测大鼠的行为学变化,利用real time RT-PCR方法检测下丘脑中促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)mRNA的表达,利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、肾上腺素(EPI)和糖皮质激素(GC)的含量。结果:PTSD组大鼠拒俘反应明显(P<0.05),下丘脑中CRH mRNA表达升高(P<0.05),血清中ACTH和EPI明显升高(P<0.05),但是GC水平下降(P<0.05)。MLT治疗后可以明显缓解PTSD大鼠拒俘反应(P<0.05),同时降低下丘脑中CRH mRNA表达(P<0.05),降低血清中ACTH和EPI水平并升高GC的水平(P<0.05)。结论:MLT治疗可缓解PTSD大鼠的症状,并恢复HPA轴的神经内分泌平衡。
