Abnormal Secondary Growth and Histochemical Localization of Alkaloids in Root System of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to clarify the structure,growth pattern and histochemical localization of alkaloids in root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.[Method] Paraffin sectioning and histochemistry were employed for performing the analysis in this study.[Result] The root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.consists of taproot,lateral root and adventitious root.The primary structure of root system is normal,but secondary structure shows abnormal.The cambium and the extra cambium of taproot form a ＂U＂-shaped secondary vascular bundle and tertiary bundle in abnormal secondary structure.The sieve tube group is made of little sieve tube group which is differentiated from primary phloem and cambium.Meanwhile,the secondary xylem in tuberous root also appears to be a ＂U＂ shape.Parenchyma cells of secondary phloem occupy most of the tuberous root.The sieve tube group of tuberous root is mainly differentiated from parenchyma cell of secondary phloem.[Conclusion] The difference in abnormal secondary structure of taproot and tuberous root are attributed to their varied cambium compose and activity pattern.Alkaloids are mainly accumulated in parenchyma cell of the inside cortex and between bundle in taproot,while parenchyma of secondary phloem and pith in tuberous root.

A meshfree-based local Galerkin method with condensation of degree of freedom for elastic dynamic analysis

Condensation technique of degree of freedom is first proposed to improve the computational efficiency of meshfree method with Galerkin weak form for elastic dy- namic analysis. In the present method, scattered nodes with- out connectivity are divided into several subsets by cells with arbitrary shape. Local discrete equation is established over each cell by using moving Kriging interpolation, in which the nodes that located in the cell are used for approxima- tion. Then local discrete equations can be simplified by con- densation of degree of freedom, which transfers equations of inner nodes to equations of boundary nodes based on cells. The global dynamic system equations are obtained by as- sembling all local discrete equations and are solved by using the standard implicit Newmark＇s time integration scheme. In the scheme of present method, the calculation of each cell is carried out by meshfree method, and local search is imple- mented in interpolation. Numerical examples show that the present method has high computational efficiency and good accuracy in solving elastic dynamic problems.

Investigations of the electron paramagnetic resonance parameters and the tetragonal local structure for (VCl_6)^(4-) coordination complex in MCl:V^(2+) (M=Na,K,Rb) systems

By simulating the electron paramagnetic resonance （EPR） and optical spectra on the basis of the 120 × 120 complete energy matrix, this paper determines the local lattice structure parameters R1 and R2 for MCl：V2＋ （M=Na, K, Rb） systems at 77K, 195 K and RT （room temperature 295 K or 302 K）, respectively. The theoretical results indicate that there exists a compressed distortion in MCl：V2＋ systems. Meanwhile, it finds that the structure parameters R1, R2 and ｜△R｜（ = R1 - R2） increase with the rising temperature. Subsequently, from the analysis it concludes that the relation of EPR parameter D vs. △R is approximately linear. Finally, the effects of orbital reduction factor k on the g factors for the three systems have been discussed.

Different strategies of treatment for uterine cervical carcinoma stage ⅠB2-ⅡB

Uterine cervical cancer is the second most common gynecological malignancy. It is estimated that over 35% of tumors are diagnosed at locally advanced disease, stage ⅠB2-ⅡB with an estimated 5-year overall survival of 60%. During the last decades, the initial treatment for these women has been debated and largely varies through different countries. Thus, radical concurrent chemoradiation is the standard of care in United Sated and Canada, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery is the first line of treatment in some institutions of Europe, Asia and Latin America. Until today, there is no evidence of which strategy is better over the other. This article describe the evidence as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the main strategies of treatment for women affected by uterine cervical cancer stage ⅠB2-ⅡB.

Physiological roles of mitogen-activated-protein-kinase-activated p38-regulated/activated protein kinase

Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)are a family of proteins that constitute signaling pathways involved in processes that control gene expression,cell division, cell survival,apoptosis,metabolism,differentiation and motility.The MAPK pathways can be divided into conventional and atypical MAPK pathways.The first group converts a signal into a cellular response through a relay of three consecutive phosphorylation events exerted by MAPK kinase kinases,MAPK kinase,and MAPK.Atypical MAPK pathways are not organized into this three-tiered cascade.MAPK that belongs to both conventional and atypical MAPK pathways can phosphorylate both non-protein kinase substrates and other protein kinases.The latter are referred to as MAPK-activated protein kinases.This review focuses on one such MAPK-activated protein kinase,MAPK-activated protein kinase 5(MK5)or p38-regulated/activated protein kinase(PRAK).This protein is highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom and seems to be the target of both conventional and atypical MAPK pathways.Recent findings on the regulation of the activity and subcellular localization,bona fide interaction partners and physiological roles of MK5/PRAK are discussed.

A class of fully third-order accurate projection methods for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper, a fully third-order accurate projection method for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is proposed. To construct the scheme, a continuous projection procedure is firstly presented. We then derive a sufficient condition for the continuous projection equations to be temporally third-order accurate approximations of the original Navier-Stokes equations by means of the localtruncation-error-analysis technique. The continuous projection equations are discretized temporally and spatially to third-order accuracy on the staggered grids, resulting in a fully third-order discrete projection scheme. The possibility to design higher-order projection methods is thus demonstrated in the present paper. A heuristic stability analysis is performed on this projection method showing the probability of its being stable. The stability of the present scheme is further verified through numerical tests. The third-order accuracy of the present projection method is validated by several numerical test cases.

Evaluating the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with ypT0-1 rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy

BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy(ACTx)is recommended in rectal cancer patients after preoperative chemoradiotherapy(PCRT),but its efficacy in patients in the early post-surgical stage who have a favorable prognosis is controversial.AIM To evaluate the long-term survival benefit of ACTx in patients with ypT0–1 rectal cancer after PCRT and surgical resection.METHODS We identified rectal cancer patients who underwent PCRT followed by surgical resection at the Asan Medical Center from 2005 to 2014.Patients with ypT0–1 disease and those who received ACTx were included.The 5-year overall survival(OS)and 5-year recurrence-free survival(RFS)were analyzed according to the status of the ACTx.RESULTS Of 520 included patients,413 received ACTx(ACTx group)and 107 did not(no ACTx group).No significant difference was observed in 5-year RFS(ACTx group,87.9%vs no ACTx group,91.4%,P=0.457)and 5-year OS(ACTx group,90.5%vs no ACTx group,86.2%,P=0.304)between the groups.cT stage was associated with RFS and OS in multivariate analysis[hazard ratio(HR):2.57,95%confidence interval(CI):1.07–6.16,P=0.04 and HR:2.27,95%CI:1.09–4.74,P=0.03,respectively].Furthermore,ypN stage was associated with RFS and OS(HR:4.74,95%CI:2.39–9.42,P<0.00 and HR:4.33,95%CI:2.20–8.53,P<0.00,respectively),but only in the radical resection group.CONCLUSION Oncological outcomes of patients with ypT0–1 rectal cancer who received ACTx after PCRT showed no improvement,regardless of the radicality of resection.Further trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of ACTx in these group of patients.

Attitude control of a rigid spacecraft with one variable-speed control moment gyro

Nonlinear controllability and attitude stabilization are studied for the underactuated nonholonomic dynamics of a rigid spacecraft with one variable-speed control moment gyro （VSCMG）, which supplies only two internal torques. Nonlinear controllability theory is used to show that the dynamics are locally controllable from the equilibrium point and thus can be asymptotically stabilized to the equilibrium point via time-invariant piecewise continuous feedback laws or time-periodic continuous feedback laws. Specifically, when the total angular momentum of the spacecraft-VSCMG system is zero, any orientation can be a controllable equilib- rium attitude. In this case, the attitude stabilization problem is addressed by designing a kinematic stabilizing law, which is implemented through a nonlinear proportional and deriva- tive controller, using the generalized dynamic inverse （GDI） method. The steady-state instability inherent in the GDI con- troller is elegantly avoided by appropriately choosing control gains. In order to obtain the command gimbal rate and wheel acceleration from control torques, a simple steering logic is constructed to accommodate the requirements of attitude sta- bilization and singularity avoidance of the VSCMG. Illustrative numerical examples verify the efficacy of the proposed control strategy.

14-3-3 Proteins Interact with FRMD6 and Regulate Its Subcellular Localization in Breast Cancer Cells

The Hippo pathway is evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to mammals. FRMD6 is one crucial up- stream component of the Hippo pathway while its function and regulatory mechanism are largely elusive. We decided to purify the protein complex of FRMD6 to further explore its regulatory mechanism. We established the MCF7 breast cancer cells that stably expressed FRMD6 by retroviruses infection. And we purified the FRMD6-interacting protein complex for further analysis by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry（HPLC- MS/MS）. Interestingly, we observed that the major binding partner of FRMD6 is 14-3-3 family of proteins. The interac- tion between FRMD6 and 14-3-3 proteins was detected by co-immunoprecipitation（CO-IP）. The disruption of their interaction resulted in the nuclear localization of FRMD6. Importantly, the T28A mutant of FRMD6 showed stronger tumor suppressor function than wild type（WT） FRMD6. Our results indicate that 14-3-3 proteins tightly regulate the subcellular localization of FRMD6 so as to endow FRMD6 with the tumor suppressor function on breast cancer.

神经递质和调节肽免疫活性物质在长牡蛎卵巢中的分布

应用兔抗5 HT、DA、NE和GnRH多克隆抗体对长牡蛎不同发育时期卵巢进行免疫组织化学定位研究.结果显示,这些神经递质和调节肽免疫活性物质分布在不同发育时期卵母细胞的生殖被膜、胞质和核膜,而生发泡(核)显免疫阴性反应.表明这4种调节物可能参与调节长牡蛎卵母细胞的发育和成熟.因此,本研究将可为双壳类生殖神经内分泌学提供新的基础资料.

20%长链脂肪乳剂对脑室注射局麻药引起的氨基酸神经递质失衡的影响

目的探讨20%长链脂肪乳剂对脑室注射局麻药引起的氨基酸神经递质失衡的影响。方法选择30只健康成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为两组:正常组(C组,n=10)和局麻药中毒组(L组,n=20)。L组按处理不同分为对照组(S组,n=10)和脂肪乳治疗组(I组,n=10)。L组大鼠经右侧侧脑室以50μl/min速度注入0.75%左旋布比卡因,脑电出现惊厥波时持续输注20%长链脂肪乳剂0.25ml·kg-1·min-1(I组)或生理盐水(S组),C组大鼠不予任何处理,持续监测三组大鼠EEG、ECG和SpO2。观察三组大鼠惊厥持续时间、左旋布比卡因惊厥阈值及建模后24h死亡率,同时检测脑脊液中神经递质谷氨酸(Glu)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)浓度以及海马区N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体1(NMDAR1)的表达,计算Glu和GABA浓度比值,并分析Glu与NMDAR1表达的相关性。结果 S组大鼠惊厥持续时间明显长于,建模后24h死亡率明显高于,惊厥阈值明显低于I组(P<0.05)。S组和I组大鼠脑脊液Glu与GABA浓度、Glu/GABA及海马区NMDAR1的表达均明显高于C组(P<0.05),S组大鼠脑脊液Glu浓度、Glu/GABA及海马区NMDAR1的表达均明显高于I组(P<0.05),脑脊液中Glu含量与NMDAR1呈正相关(r=0.884,P<0.01)。结论静脉输注20%长链脂肪乳剂可通过有效改善局麻药引起的脑内Glu和GABA失衡而发挥抗中枢神经毒性作用。

交感神经系统内的递质共存及其相互作用

在外周交感神经系统内;神经递质或神经肽类物质主要存在于大、小囊泡内;递质共存的现象在交感神经内不断得以发现,去甲肾上腺素和乙酰胆碱、神经肽Y、脑啡肽、P物质、血管活性肠肽、生长抑素、神经降压素、降钙素基因相关肽等物质共存的证实,扩大了交感神经递质的调节范围,递质之间网络式的相互调节作用有着重要的生理意义。

交感神经系统内递质共存及其相互作用

在外周交感神经系统内,神经递质或神经肽类物质主要存在于大、小囊泡内;递质共存的现象在交感神经内不断得以发现,去甲肾上腺素和乙酰胆碱、神经肽Y、脑啡肽、P物质、血管活性肠肽、生长抑素、神经降压素、降钙素基因相关肽等物质共存的证实,扩大了交感神经递质的调节范围,递质之间网络式的相互调节作用有着重要的生理意义。

The Second Separation Theorem in Locally β-Convex Spaces and the Boundedness Theorem in Its Conjugate Cones

This paper deals with the locallyβ-convex analysis that generalizes the locally convex analysis. The second separation theorem in locallyβ-convex spaces, the Minkowski theorem and the Krein-Milman theorem in theβ-convex analysis are given. Moreover, it is obtained that the U F-boundedness and the U B-boundedness in its conjugate cone are equivalent if and only if X is subcomplete.

观点:变革中的骨科生物材料

随着科技的发展,骨科生物材料已从传统惰性材料渐渐实现了靶向功能调控,并可在降解过程中调控局部骨代谢,促进骨组织再生与功能重建。因此,智能化材料的发展将是今后十年骨科生物材料发展的热点和新方向,而多学科交叉融合是骨科临床发展的必然趋势。

A Single-institution Experience with Open Irreversible Electroporation for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma

Background： Locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma （LAPC） is characterized by poor prognosis despite recommended concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Irreversible electroporation （IRE） has emerged as a potential option for the management of unresectable pancreatic cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and short-term efficacy of open IRE for the treatment of LAPC. Methods： Retrospective data of 25 consecutive patients receiving IRE for T3 lesions from July 2015 to June 2016 at a single center were analyzed. The perioperative and long-term IRE-related complications were reviewed to evaluate the safety of the procedure. The tumor reduction and biological response were analyzed through computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging; the serum level of CA19-9 was measured as a secondary endpoint to evaluate the short-term efficacy of IRE. Results： All patients were successfully treated; the median tumor size was 4.2 cm and the median IRE time was 36 min. Four intraoperative procedure-related complications were observed （16%）： two transient hypertensive episodes, one hypotension case, and one transient supraventricular tachycardia case. Nine postoperative complications were described, including three Grade A pancreatic fistulas, three delayed gastric emptying, one acute pancreatitis, one upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and one portal vein thrombosis. The overall rate of stable disease was 28%, 36% achieved partial response, and lower serum CA19-9 levels were recorded in all patients at discharge. Conclusions： IRE is feasible for the treatment of LAPC and is a reasonable intervention strategy owing to its combined attributes of safety and efficacy.

脑脉宝对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

为了探讨脑脉宝对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机理。采用四血管阻断法造成大鼠脑缺血30min 再灌注30min。结果中见到脑组织中去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、钾和镁含量明显降低(P<0.01～0.05),过氧化脂质(LPO)、脑含水量、钙含量显著升高(P<0.05)。脑神经病理和超微结构均出现了严重的缺血性损害,可见大量 Ca^(2+)沉淀,皮层及海马中出现大量 c-fos 蛋白阳性表达产物。预先给予脑脉宝可升高 NE、DA、5-HT 含量及 SOD、GSH-Px 活性(P<0.001～0.05),降低 LPO、脑含水量、钙含量和脑指数(P<0.01～0.05),明显减轻缺血性脑损害,减少胞内钙积聚,部分抑制 c-fos 基因异常表达。认为该药可通过抑制再灌注后自由基引起的脂质过氧化反应,提高抗氧化酶活性,改善单胺类神经递质代谢紊乱及离子紊乱、脑组织水钠代谢异常,阻止 Ca^(2+)内流,抑制 c-fos 原癌基因异常表达,从而提高神经组织对缺血缺氧的耐受性,减轻脑水肿和脑缺血性损害,促进神经功能恢复。

Automatic estimation and removal of noise on digital image

An spatially adaptive noise detection and removal algorithm is proposed.Under the assumption that an observed image and its additive noise have Gaussian distribution,the noise parameters are estimated with local statistics from an observed degraded image,and the parameters are used to define the constraints on the noise detection process.In addition,an adaptive low-pass filter having a variable filter window defined by the constraints on noise detection is used to control the degree of smoothness of the reconstructed image.Experimental results demonstrate the capability of the proposed algorithm.

High Li^(+)coordinated solvation sheaths enable high-quality Li metal anode

An advance Li-sphere possessing a definitely regular morphology in Li deposition enables a well-defined more robust structure and superior solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)to achieve high-efficiency long-term cycles in Li metal anode.Here,a new sight of high Li^(+)cluster-like solvation sheaths coordinated in a localized high-concentration NO_(3)^(-)(LH-LiNO_(3))electrolyte fully clarifies for depositing advanced Li spheres.Moreover,we elucidate a critical amorphouscrystalline phase transition in the nanostructure evolution of Li-sphere deposits during the nucleation and growth.Li-sphere anode exhibits ultrastable structural engineering for suppressing Li dendrite growths and rendering ultralong life of 4000 cycles in symmetrical cells at 2 mAcm^(-2).The as-constructed Li spheres/3DCMjLiFePO_(4)(LFP)full cell delivers a high capacity retention of 90.5%at 1 C after 1000 cycles,and a robust dendrite-free structure also stably exists in Li-sphere anode.Combined with high-loading LFP cathodes(6.6 and 10.9 mg cm^(-2)),superb capacity retentions are up to 96.5%and 92.5%after 800 cycles at 1 C,respectively.Cluster-like solvation sheaths with high Li^(+)coordination exert significant influence on depositing a highquality Li-sphere anode.

NUMERICAL MODELLING OF FREE-SURFACE FLOWS WITH BOTTOM AND SURFACE-LAYER PRESSURE TREATMENT

A new non-hydrostatic numerical model with the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations on structured grids was constructed and discussed. The algorithm is based upon a staggered finite difference Crank-Nicholson scheme on a Cartesian grid. The eddy viscosity coefficient was calculated by the efficient k-ε turbulence model. A new surface-layer non-hydrostatic treatment and a local cell bottom treatment were introduced so that the three-dimensional model is fully non-hydrostatic and is free of any hydrostatic assumption. The developed model is second-order accuracy in both time and space when semi-implicit coefficient is set to 0.5. The validity of the present solution algorithm was demonstrated from its application to the three-dimension channel flow and the wave propagation over a submerged bar problems.